JYOTISH PRAVEENA

FIRST Semester
Paper I
Part 2 : Astronomy Relevant To Astrology
DAY 1

Books : Laws Of Nature by Dr M Anjaneyulu – Part 1 Chapters 1 – 7;

Elements of Vedic Astrology Volume 1 by Dr K S Charak – Chapters II and III.
Astronomy ( Relevant to Astrology) by V P Jain.

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WELCOME

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Lord Ganesha ॐ Shri Ganeshaya Namah

ॐ गं गणपतये नम:
ॐ गं गणपतये नम:
ॐ गं गणपतये नम: My Salutations To Lord Ganesha.
Om Gam Ganapataye Namaha My Salutations To Lord Ganesha.
Om Gam Ganapataye Namaha My Salutations To Lord Ganesha.
Om Gam Ganapataye Namaha

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 ॐ Shri Ganeshaya Namah
Lord Ganesha

ॐ व तु ड महाकाय​ सय ू को ट सम भ​। O Lord With Curved Trunk, One With Huge Body,
न व नम ् कु मे दे व​ सव कायषु सवदा॥ One With The Radiance Of Crore Suns,
Vakratunda Mahakaya Suryakoti Samaprabha Please remove obstacles in all of my tasks, all the
Nirvighnam Kurume Deva Sarva Kareshu Sarvada time.

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 Goddess Saraswati ॐ Shri Saraswatye Namah

ॐ सर व त नम तु यं वरदे काम प ण । Salutations Mother Saraswati, giver of boons,

fulfiller of desires.
व यार भं क र या म स धभवतु मे सदा ।। Bless me, so that I begin my studies successfully,
Saraswati namastubhyam varade kamarupini may there be accomplishments.
Vidyaarambham karishyaami Siddhir-bhavatu me sadaa

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 All Gurus ॐ Shri Gurubhyo Namah

ॐ यानमूलं गु मू तःपूजामूलं गु पदम ् ।

म मल
ू ं गु वा यं मो मूलं गु कृपा ॥ The
The
Root
Root
of
of
Meditation is the Form of the Guru,
Worship is the Feet of the Guru,
The Root of Mantra is the Word of the Guru,
Dhyana Moolam Gurur Murti Pooja Moolam Gurur Padam The Root of Liberation is the Grace of the Guru.
Mantra Moolam Gurur Vaakyam Moksha Moolam Gurur Kripaa

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 Navagraha Dhyana Shlokam

ॐ आ द याय च सोमाय म गलाय बध ु ाय च ।

गु शु श न य च राहवे केतवे नमः ॥

Om Adityaaye Somaaye Mangalaaye

Budhaaye cha Guru Shukra Shani Bhyas
cha Rahuve Ketuve Namah.

My Salutations to Aditya (Sun), Somaya (Moon),

Mangala (Mars) and Budha (Mercury). I also
salute Guru (Jupiter), Shukra (Venus), Shani
(Saturn) as well as Rahu and Ketu.
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 Navagraha Stotra
अथ नव ह तो II
• जपाकुसम
ु संकाशं का यपेयं महद यु तम ् I • I pray to the Sun, the day-maker, destroyer of all sins, the
enemy of darkness, of great brilliance, the descendent of
तमो रंसवपाप नं णतोSि म दवाकरम ् II १ II
Kaashyapa, the one who shines like the japaa flower.(1)
• द धशंखतष
ु ाराभं ीरोदाणव संभवम ् I
• I pray to the Moon who shines coolly like curds or a white
नमा म श शनं सोमं शंभोमक
ु ु ट भष
ू णम ् II २ II shell, who arose from the ocean of milk, who has a hare on
him, Soma, who is the ornament of Shiva's hair.(2)
• धरणीगभ संभत
ू ं व यु कां त सम भम ् I
• I pray to Mars, born of Earth, who shines with the same
कुमारं शि तह तं तं मंगलं णा यहम ् II ३ II
brilliance as lightning, the young man who carries a spear.(3)
• यंगुक लका यामं पेणा तमं बुधम ् I
• I pray to Mercury, dark like the bud of millet, of unequalled
सौ यं सौ यगुणोपेतं तं बुधं णमा यहम ् II ४ II beauty, gentle and agreeable.(4)
• दे वानांच ऋषीनांच गु ं कांचन सि नभम ् I • I pray to Jupiter, the teacher of gods and rishis, intellect
incarnate, lord of the three worlds.(5)
बु धभत
ू ं लोकेशं तं नमा म बहृ प तम ् II ५ II
• I pray to Venus, the ultimate preceptor of demons,
• हमकंु द मण
ृ ालाभं दै यानां परमं गु म ् I promulgator of all learning, who shines like the fiber of snow-
सवशा व तारं भागवं णमा यहम ् II ६ II white jasmine.(6)

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 Navagraha Stotra
अथ नव ह तो II
• नीलांजन समाभासं र वपु ं यमा जम ् I • I pray to Saturn, the slow moving, born of Shade and
Sun, the elder brother of Yama, the offspring of Sun, he
छायामातड संभत
ू ं तं नमा म शनै चरम ् II ७ II who has the appearance of black collyrium. (7)
• अधकायं महावीय चं ा द य वमदनम ् I • I pray to Rahu, having half a body, of great bravery, the
सं हकागभसंभत
ू ं तं राहुं णमा यहम ् II ८ II eclipser of the Moon and the Sun, born of Simhikaa. (8)
• पलाशपु पसंकाशं तारका ह म तकम ् I • I pray to Ketu, who has the appearance of Palaasha
flower, the head of stars and planets, fierce and
रौ ं रौ ा मकं घोरं तं केतुं णमा यहम ् II ९ II terrifying. (9)
• इत ी यासमख
ु ो द तम ् यः पठे त ् सस
ु मा हतः I • Those who read the song sung by Vyasa, will be joyous,
दवा वा य द वा रा ौ व न शां तभ व य त II १० II sovereign and powerful, and will succeed in appeasing
obstacles, occurring by day or by night. (10)
• नरनार नप
ृ ाणांच भवेत ् दःु व ननाशनम ् I
• Bad dreams of men, women and kings alike will be destroyed
ऐ वयमतुलं तेषां आरो यं पुि टवधनम ् II ११ II and they will be endowed with unparalleled riches, good
health and enhancing nourishment .(11)
• हन जाः पीडा त कराि नसमु दवाः I
• All the pain, devastation caused by fire, planets and
ता सवाः शमं याि त यासो ुते न संशयः II १२ II
stars will be of the past, so spoke Vyasa,
• II इ त ी यास वर चतम ् आ द याद नव ह तो ं emphatically.(12)
संपणू II • Thus ends the song of praise of the nine planets
composed by Shri Vyasa Muni.
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 Navagraha Stotra
अथ नव ह तो II
Japakusuma samkasham kashyapeyam maha-dyutim Neelaamjana samabhasam ravi-prutram yama-grajam
Tameorim sarva-paapa-ghnam pranatosmi diva-karam Chhaya-martamda sambhutam tam shanim pranama-myaham

Dadhi-shamkha-tusha-raabham kshiraarnava
Ardha-kayam maha-viram chandra-ditya vimardhanam
samudbhavam Simhi-kagarbha sambhutam tam rahum pranama-myaham
Namami shashinam soma shamborma-juta bhushanam

Dharani-gabha sombhutam vidyutkamti samaprabham Palasha puspa-samkasham taraka graha mastakam

Kumaram shakti-hastam tam mangalam pranama- Rowdram rowdra-tmakam ghoram tam ketum pranama-myaham
myaham
Iti vyaasa mukhodgiitam yah pateth susa-maahitah
divaa vaa yadi vaa raatrau vighna shaantir-bhavishhyati
Priyamgu-kakaashyamam rupena-pratimam budham
Sowmyam sowmya-guno-petam tam budham pranama- nara naaree nrupaanaam cha bhave ddusvapnanaashanam
myaham Ishvaryamatulam teshaamaarogyam pushti varthanam
graha nakshatrajaah peedaa staskaraagni samudbhavaah
Devanamcha rushinamcha gurum kamchana-sannibham Taassarvaah prashamam yaanti vyaaso broote nasamshayah !!
Buddi-matam trilo-kesham tam namami bruha-spatim
Iti shrii vyaasa virachitam navagraha stotram sampoornam
Hima kumda-mruna-labham daityanam-paramam-gurum
Sarwa-shastra prava-ktaram bhar-gavam pranama-
myaham

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 SHANTI MANTRA
ॐ सह नाववतु । om sahana vavatu |
saha nau bhunaktu |
सह नौ भनु तु । saha viryam karavavahai |
सह वीय करवावहै । tejasvi navadhitamastu ma vidvishavahai |
om shantih shantih shantih ||
तेजि व नावधीतम तु मा व वषावहै ।
ॐ शाि तः शाि तः शाि तः ॥

Om, may God protect both teacher and student

May He nourish us together
May we work together with great energy
May our studies be enlightening.
May there be no hate among us
Om peace, peace, peace

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 Topics to be studied

• Topic 1 : Introduction. • Topic 6 : Eclipses.

• Topic 2 : The Solar System. • Topic 7 : Aprakashit Upagrahas.
• Topic 3 : The Earth. • Topic 8 : Ayanamsha.
• Topic 4 : The Moon. • Topic 9 : Planetary Motion.
• Topic 5 : Zodiac. • Topic 10 : Astronomical
Coordinate System.

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 Method of Study
Day 1 : Sunday : 05 Feb 2023 Day 2 : Saturday : 11 Feb 2023
Topic 1: Introduction. Topic 4: The Moon.
Topic 2: The Solar System. Topic 5: Zodiac.
Topic 3: The Earth. Topic 6: Eclipses

Day 3 : Sunday : 12 Feb 2023 Day 4 : Saturday : 18 Feb 2023

Topic 7 : Aprakashit Upagraha. Topic 9 : Planetary Motion.
Topic 8 : Ayanamsha. Topic 10: Astronomical
Coordinate System.

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Topics to be studied today

Topic 1 : Introduction.
Topic 2: The Solar System.
Topic 3: The Earth.

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 Topic 1 : INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction To Astronomy.

1.2 Historical Background.
1.3 Ancient Astronomical Scholars ( Indian and Western).
1.4 Astronomical Treatises ( Siddhantas).

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 Topic 1 : INTRODUCTION (Continuation)

1.1 Introduction To Astronomy.

• Astronomy deals with the study of heavenly bodies.

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 Topic 1 : INTRODUCTION (Continuation)
• Definitions:-
• Astronomy:- deals with heavenly bodies, study of stars,
planets and other objects that makeup the Universe.

• Universe:- All matter and energy, including Earth, the

system of galaxies, the contents of space, particles and
their interactions. Currently the observable Universe is 93
billion light years in diameter.

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 Topic 1 : INTRODUCTION (Continuation)

• Galaxy:- A huge collection of gas, dust and billions of

stars and their solar systems, all held together by
gravitational force. Galaxies are scattered in the universe.
The observable Universe has about 200 billion galaxies.
• Spiral Galaxy , Elliptical Galaxy , Irregular Galaxy.

• Star:- A star is a self luminous ball of gas, mostly

Hydrogen and Helium, held together by its own gravity.

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 Topic 1 : INTRODUCTION (Continuation)
• Milky Way Galaxy :

• Our Sun (a star) and all the planets around it are part of a galaxy known as the Milky
Way Galaxy. The Milky Way is a large spiral galaxy with 4 spiral arms. All the stars we
see in the night sky are in our own Milky Way Galaxy. Our galaxy is called the Milky
Way because it appears as a milky band of light in the sky when you see it in a really
dark area. This river of light (celestial river of light) is called Aakash Ganga.

• It is estimated that the Milky Way is made up of approximately 100 billion stars.
Our Solar System is about 25,000 light years* away from the center of our galaxy. * Next Page

• Just as the Earth goes around the Sun, the Sun goes around the center of the Milky
Way. It takes 250 million years for our Sun and the solar system to go all the way
around the center of the Milky Way.

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 Topic 1 : INTRODUCTION (Continuation)
• Units of distances :
AU : Astronomical Unit – average distance between earth and
Sun – approximately 150 million kms.
Mercury is 1/3rd of an AU from Sun.
Saturn is 9.6 AU from Sun.
Light Year : Distance light can travel in one earth year.
Light : 300,000 kms per second.
1 Light Year is 9.5 trillion kms.

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 Topic 1 : INTRODUCTION (Continuation)
• 108 in Astronomy Relevant to Astrology:
• The Sun diameter is : 108 times the Earth diameter.
• The distance between Sun and Earth is : 108 times the Sun diameter
• The distance between Moon and Earth is :108 times the Moon
diameter
• Zodiac 12 Rashis and 9 grahas : 12 x 9 = 108
• 27 Nakshatras and 4 padas : 27 x 4 = 108
• Our learned Sages/Rishis ensured that we encompassed Sun and
Moon along with Earth in our sense of Gratitude and prayer to the
Universe so the number 108 attained significance.
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Topic 1 : INTRODUCTION (Continuation)

1.2 Historical Background.

• Big Bang Theory.
• Vedic Concept.

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 Topic 1 : INTRODUCTION (Continuation)

• Cosmology:- branch of Astronomy and Astrophysics that includes

the study of structure, dynamics, and development of the
Universe.
• Attempts to explain how Universe was formed, what happened in
the past and what might happen to it in the future.

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 Topic 1 : INTRODUCTION (Continuation)

• Big Bang Theory

• Belief that Universe came into existence after a Big Bang – big
explosion from a single point and has been expanding ever since.

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 Topic 1 : INTRODUCTION (Continuation)
• Big Bang Theory
Fraction of a second:- Rapid expansion.
1 second:- High energy particle reactions.
100 to 1000 seconds:- Nuclei of Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium and other light
elements form.
300,000 years:- First atoms form.
Few 100 million years:- First galaxies and stars form.
Few billion years:- Expansion of Universe accelerates.
9 billion years:- Formation of the Solar System.
10 billion years:- Life on Earth begins.
13.7 billion years:- present day.
20 billion years Sun will expand into a red giant and become impossible to live.
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Big Bang Theory- Birth Of Universe

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 Topic 1 : INTRODUCTION (Continuation)

• Vedic Concept :
• In the Vedas, there are beautifully composed hymns or ‘Suktas’ which
explain the theory of creation.
• Purusha Suktam – Rigveda – dedicated to Purusha – the Universal Principle
that is Eternal , Indestructible , Without Form and All Pervasive. (Cosmic
Being ). Purusha Suktam has the power to generate a tremendous positive
spiritual force is chanted during rituals.

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 Topic 1 : INTRODUCTION (Continuation)
• Vedic Concept :
• Purusha Suktam
• सह शीषा पु षः सह ा ः सह पात ् ।
स भू मं व वतो व ृ वा य त ठ दशाङुलम ् ॥१॥
Sahasra-Shiirssaa Purussah Sahasra-Akssah Sahasra-Paat |
Sa Bhuumim Vishvato Vrtva-Atya[i]-Tisstthad-Dasha-Angulam ||1||
• पु ष एवेदं सव य भत ू ं य च भ यम ् ।
उतामतृ व येशानो यद नेना तरोह त ॥२॥
Purussa Evedam Sarvam Yad-Bhuutam Yacca Bhavyam |
Uta-Amrtatvasye[a-I]shaano Yad-Annena-Ati-Rohati ||2||
एतावान य म हमातो यायाँ च पू षः ।
पादोऽ य व वा भत ू ा न पाद यामत ृ ं द व ॥३॥
Etaavaanasya Mahima-Ato Jyaayaash-Ca Puurussah |
Paado-Asya Vishvaa Bhuutaani Tri-Paad-Asya-Amrtam Divi ||3||

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 Topic 1 : INTRODUCTION (Continuation)
• Vedic Concept :
• Yajurveda Reveals, "Yatha pinde tatha brahmande, yatha
brahmande tatha pinde".
• Here "Pinde" means "Microcosm" and "Brahmande" means
"Macrocosm".
• That is –“As is the individual, so is the universe, as is the universe,
so is the individual" or "As is the human body, so is the Cosmic
Body, as is the cosmic body so is the human body“.
• Pancha Maha Bhuta.

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 Topic 1 : INTRODUCTION (Continuation)
• Vedic Concept :

Bhutas Aakash Vayu Agni Apas Prithvi

Elements Space Air Fire Water Earth

Planets Jupiter Saturn Mars Venus Mercury

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 Topic 1 : INTRODUCTION (Continuation)
• Vedic Concept:
• Maha Yuga concept is the time measurement method. A Mahayuga is a
collection of 4 Yugas.
• The 4 yugas are Satya Yuga ,Treta Yuga, Dwapara Yuga, Kali Yuga. We are in the
Kaliyuga of our current Mahayuga say the vedas.
• Satya Yuga lasts for 40% of its Mahayuga , Treta Yuga lasts for 30% of its
Mahayuga Dwapara Yuga lasts for 20% of its Mahayuga and Kali Yuga lasts for
10% of its Mahayuga.
• 1 human year = 360 days = 1 day for devtas.
• Ayu ( life span ) of devtas = 12000 Dev Varsha.
• => 12000 Dev Varsha = 12000 X 360 = 43,20,000 human years = 1 Mahayuga.
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 Topic 1 : INTRODUCTION (Continuation)
• Vedic Concept:

Yuga Duration

1. Satya 17,28,000 years = 1.728 million years.

2. Treta 12,96,000 years = 1.296 million years.
3. Dwapara 8,64,000 years = 0.864 million years.
4. Kali 4,32,000 years = 0.432 million year.
Total of 4 Yugas 43,20,000 years = 4.32 million years
= 1 Mahayuga = 1 Mahayuga

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 Topic 1 : INTRODUCTION (Continuation)
• Vedic Concept:
• 1 year of Brahma : 360 Brahma days.
• Each day of brahma is called a Kalpa.
• A kalpa is made up of brahma’s one day and one night.
• 1 day of Brahma = 1000 Mahayugas = 4,320,000,000 years.
• 1 night is again 1000 Mahayugas = = 4,320,000,000 years.
• 1 Complete day = day + night = 8,640,000,000 years = 8.64
billion years.
• Ayu of Brahma = 100 years = 100 x 360 x 8.64 = 311.04 trillion
years = 1 Mahakalpa = Life of Universe.
• 1 Mahakalpa is 1 breath of Vishnu. When Vishnu exhales 1000
of universes emerge and one Brahma is born in each
Universe. When Vishnu inhales all universes get sucked and
Brahma dies. This cycle is non-ending and eternal.
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 Topic 1 : INTRODUCTION (Continuation)

• Vedic Concept:
• Current age of universe:
• We are presently in the first day of 50th year of Brahma.
• Thus age of universe is : 50 x 360 x 8.64 = 155.52 trillion years.

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 Topic 1 : INTRODUCTION (Continuation)

1.3 Ancient Astronomical Scholars ( Western and

Indian).

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 Topic 1 : INTRODUCTION (Continuation)

• Western Astronomical Scholars and Perspective : Historically

speaking, we can divide western astronomical development, in
three eras: ancient, medieval and modern.

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 Topic 1 : INTRODUCTION (Continuation)
• Western Perspective : Ancient :-
• 550 BC Pythagoras - observed that planets have their own movements (Venus, Sun, Moon) , was the first to state that
earth is a sphere.
• 340 BC Aristotle founded School of Natural Philosophy, Earth at center, cosmos 5 elements
• 300 BC Aristarchus believed that solar system is centered around the Sun (Heliocentric)
• 50 BC Ming Dynasty developed Celestial Globe.
• Medieval :
• 125 AD Claudius Ptolemy (Greece) geocentric models.
• 1500 AD Nickolas Copernicus Polish astronomer - heliocentric model.
• 1600 AD Galileo a mathematician, physicist discovered Sunspots ; craters, mountains on the Moon and Jupiter satellite
Galilean. Discovered Saturn rings and explained the phases of Venus.
• 1700 AD Edmond Halley discovered the periodic comet Halley and predicted its return after every 76 years.
• Modern:
• 1781 AD William Herschel (German Astronomer) – discovered planet Uranus
• 1916 AD Albert Einstein – General Theory Of Relativity.
• 1930 AD Clyde Tombaugh (American Astronomer) – discovered Pluto.
• 1969 Americans Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin first people to walk on Moon.

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 Topic 1 : INTRODUCTION (Continuation)

• Indian Astronomical Scholars and Perspective : It is very ancient;

it pertains to a period much earlier than those of the Greek
philosophers and astronomers. It has depth of knowledge.

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 Topic 1 : INTRODUCTION (Continuation)
• Indian Perspective : • Varahamihira period ranges
from 57 BC to 1900 AD
• Vedic period ranges from
30000 BC to 8300 BC • Varahamihira :Brihat Samhita,
Brihat Jataka.
• Puranic period ranges from • Mantreshwar- Phaladeepika
8300 BC to 3000 BC
• Rama Daivagnya- Muhurta
• Parashari period ranges from Chintamani
3000 BC to 57 BC • Kalidasa - Uttara Kalamrita
Sage Parashar - BPHS • Nilakantha - Tajik Neelkanth and
Sage Jaimini - Jaimini Sutras. Prashna Shastra

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 Topic 1 : INTRODUCTION (Continuation)
• Some Indian Astronomers and their Important Works:
• Lagdha : Vedanga Jyotish.
• Aryabhatta : Aryabhateeya.
• Varahamihira : Brihat Samhita, Brihat Jataka.
• Kalyan Verma : Saravali.
• Bhaskara : Siddhanta Siromani.
• Mantrshwara : Phaladeepika.
• Kalidasa : Uttarakalamrita.
• B Suryanarayana Rao.
• Dr B V Raman.

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 Topic 1 : INTRODUCTION (Continuation)

1.4 Introduction To Astronomy.

• 1.4 Astronomical Treatises ( Siddhantas).

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 Topic 1 : INTRODUCTION (Continuation)
• 1.4 Astronomical Treatises ( Siddhantas).
• Most of the Indian astronomical works are claimed as
divine revelations to various sages.
• Siddhanta is the branch that deals with the position of
heavenly bodies and their movements.
• Some of these Siddhantas are : Surya siddhanta,
Pitamaha siddhanta ,Vashishtha siddhanta, Parashara
siddhanta.

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 Topic 2 : THE SOLAR SYSTEM

2.1 Solar System

2.2 Planets
2.3 Inner and Outer Planets ;Inferior and Superior Planets
2.4 Extra-Saturnine Planets

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 Topic 2 : THE SOLAR SYSTEM
2.1 Solar System :
• The Solar System made up of the Sun, planets, satellites,
asteroids, meteoroids ,comets, and interplanetary dust, gas etc.
It is a very small part of the Universe and seems important to us
because we happen to live inside it.
• Our Solar System is centered round the Sun and the planets are
moving in elliptical orbits around it.
• In this system, only the Sun is emitting light. Rest of the family
members of the Solar System are revolving around it and are
non-luminous.

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 Topic 2 : THE SOLAR SYSTEM (Continued)
2.1 Solar System

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 Topic 2 : THE SOLAR SYSTEM (Continued)
2.2 Planets:

• Our Solar System is centered round the Sun and the planets are
moving in elliptical orbits around it. There are eight planets in all
i.e. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune out of which we are living on the planet Earth.

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 Topic 2 : THE SOLAR SYSTEM (Continued)
• Rules to be called a Planet :
• There are three rules that are applied to determine whether a
celestial body can be classified as a planet. These rules were
determined by the International Astronomical Union (or IAU)
in 2006 and are as follows.
• A Planet is a celestial body that is :
• Is in orbit around a Sun.
• Has sufficient mass for its self-gravity so that it assumes a
nearly round shape
• Has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit.
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 Topic 2 : THE SOLAR SYSTEM (Continued)
• The IAU 2006 definition of dwarf planet :
• A dwarf planet is a celestial body that
• (a) is in orbit around the Sun,
• (b) has sufficient mass for its self-gravity so that it assumes a
nearly round shape, and
• (c) has not cleared the neighborhood around its orbit.
• (d) Is not a satellite.*

• *Satellites are those heavenly bodies which move around the planets and in
turn move around the Sun along with the planets and are normally called
moons of the planets like the Moon which is a satellite of the Earth.

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 Topic 2 : THE SOLAR SYSTEM (Continued)
2.3 Inner and Outer Planets; Inferior and Superior Planets:
• The planets whose orbits are in between Sun and Earth are
called Inner / Inferior / Interior planets. These are Mercury and
Venus.
• The planets whose orbits lie outside the orbit of Earth are
known as Outer / Superior / Exterior planets. These are Mars,
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
• 2.4 Extra-Saturnine Planets : Beyond Saturn - Uranus and
Neptune.

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 Topic 2 : THE SOLAR SYSTEM (Continued)
Sun:
• The Sun is the most important of all the heavenly bodies to the inhabitants of the
Earth. Its rays supply light and heat not only to the Earth and those who live on it but
to the other planets and other family members of the Solar System. The Sun controls
the motions of all its family members. Its influence on our day-to-day life is supreme
and we cannot imagine our existence without it.
• Its diameter is 1.4 million Kms, its volume is 1.3 million times that of the Earth, and its
mass is 330,000 times the mass of the Earth. It is 150 million Kms from Earth.
• Energy by a nuclear reaction at the core converting hydrogen into helium
• Astrology: Sun is significator of father , power or strength , health , ambition etc.

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 Topic 2 : THE SOLAR SYSTEM (Continued)
SUN’S LAYERS AND TEMPERATURE

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 Topic 2 : THE SOLAR SYSTEM (Continued)
• Sunspots
• Sunspots are darker, cooler areas on the surface of the sun
caused by interactions with the Sun's magnetic field,
• They look dark only in comparison with the brighter and hotter
regions around them.
• Sunspots occur over regions of intense magnetic activity, and
when that energy is released.
• Sunspot size: Size of earth to as large as 80,000 Kms. They
expand and contract as they move across the surface of the
sun.
• Life Span: few hours to few months.
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 Topic 2 : THE SOLAR SYSTEM (Continued)
• Mercury
• Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun in our Solar System.
• As seen from the Earth, Mercury never gets more than 27 degrees away from the Sun.
• It has a diameter of about 4,879 kilometers.
• Its distance from the Earth varies from about 77 million to about 222 million kilometers.
• From Sun its distance varies from 47 million 70 million kilometers.
• Mercury takes 88 days to make one orbit around the Sun.
• It takes 58.65 days to complete one rotation on its axis.
• Its surface temperature ranges widely between -168°C to 427°C.
• Its average motion per day is 01°23’.
• Mercury has no natural satellite of its own.
• Astrology: Mercury is significator of education , speech, intelligence , astrology etc.

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Venus
Topic 2 : THE SOLAR SYSTEM (Continued)
• Venus is the second farthest planet from the Sun.
• It is the brightest thing in the sky besides the Sun and Moon.
• As seen from the Earth, Venus never gets more than 48 degrees away from the Sun.
• It has a diameter of about 12,104 kilometers.
• It is closest planet to Earth and its minimum distance from the Earth is from about 40 million
kilometers.
• From Sun its distance is 108 million kilometers.
• Venus takes 225 days to make one orbit around the Sun.
• It takes 243 days to complete one rotation on its axis.
• Its average surface temperature is 452 °C and that makes it the hottest planet.
• Its average motion per day is 01°12’.
• Venus has no natural satellite of its own.
• Astrology: Venus is significator of marriage , enjoyment, fine arts , beauty etc.

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 Topic 3 : THE EARTH(Continued)
• Earth Formed 4.5 billion years ago.
• Earth is the third planet from the Sun.
• It has a diameter of about 12,742 kilometers.
• Earth goes around Sun in 365.24 days and spins on its own axis in about 24
hours
• Earth has one natural satellite moon
• Differs from other planets as it has abundant water, Nitrogen and Oxygen
Inner core of nickel and iron is surrounded by liquid outer core. Mantle has
iron and magnesium. Crust is of granite and crystalline rocks
• Our atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surround Earth. It is kept in
place by the pull of Earth's gravity. If Earth was a much smaller planet, like
Mercury or Pluto, its gravity would be to weak to hold a large atmosphere.

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 Topic 2 : THE SOLAR SYSTEM (Continued)
• Mars
• Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and it is the first planet outside
Earth's boundary.
• It appears to be of reddish color as seen from Earth.
• It has a diameter of about 6,792 kilometers.
• Its closest distance from the Earth is about 56 million kilometers.
• From Sun its distance varies from 205 million kilometers to 249 million
kilometers.
• Mars takes 687 days to make one orbit around the Sun.
• It takes 24 hours and 37 minutes to complete one rotation on its axis.
• Its surface temperature varies from 10°C to -120° C.
• Its average motion per day is 00°31'27".
• Mars has two natural satellite of its own, named Phobos and Deimos.
• Astrology: Mars is significator of valour , land, strength, anger etc.
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 Topic 2 : THE SOLAR SYSTEM (Continued)
Jupiter
• Jupiter is the largest planet in our Solar System.
• It has a diameter of about 142,984 kilometers.
• Its closest distance from the Earth is about 588 million kilometers.
• From Sun its average distance is 778 million kilometers.
• Jupiter takes 11.86 years to make one orbit around the Sun.
• It takes 9 hours and 55 minutes to complete one rotation on its axis.
• Its average surface temperature is about -148°C.
• Its average motion per day is 00°04'59".
• Jupiter have 79 natural satellite of its own out of those Europa, Ganymede and
Callisto are well known. Ganymede is the biggest satellite
• Astrology: Jupiter is significator of wisdom , astronomy and astrology, mantra etc.

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 Topic 2 : THE SOLAR SYSTEM (Continued)
Saturn
• Saturn is the second largest planet in our Solar System.
• Its surface is made up of liquid and gas.
• Saturn is well known for its complex ring system.
• It has a diameter of about 120,536 kilometers.
• Its closest distance from the Earth is about 1.2 billion kilometers.
• From Sun its distance varies from 1.35 billion kilometers to 1.5 billion kilometers.
• Saturn takes 29.5 years to make one orbit around the Sun.
• It takes 10 hours 40 minutes to complete one rotation on its axis.
• Its average surface temperature is –178°C.
• Its average motion per day is 00°02'01".
• Saturn has 62 natural satellites of which Titan is most famous as it is the second biggest
satellite in our Solar system.
• Astrology: Saturn is significator of disease , sorrow old age , longevity etc.

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Topic 2 : THE SOLAR SYSTEM (Continued)

• Example Chart

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 Topic 2 : THE SOLAR SYSTEM (Continued)

• Shri Ramakrishna Paramhamsa

Name :- Shri Ramakrishna Paramhamsa; dob :- 18 Feb 1836 ; tob :- 0623hrs ; pob :- Kamarpukur ,WB, India.

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 Topic 2 : THE SOLAR SYSTEM (Continued)
Name :- Shri Ramakrishna Paramhamsa; dob :- 18 Feb 1836 ; tob :- 0623hrs ; pob :- Kamarpukur ,WB, India.

61
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 Topic 2 : THE SOLAR SYSTEM (Continued)
Name :- Shri Ramakrishna Paramhamsa; dob :- 18 Feb 1836 ; tob :- 0623hrs ; pob :- Kamarpukur ,WB, India.

62
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 Topic 2 : THE SOLAR SYSTEM (Continued)
Name :- Shri Ramakrishna Paramhamsa; dob :- 18 Feb 1836 ; tob :- 0623hrs ; pob :- Kamarpukur ,WB, India.

63
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 Topic 2 : THE SOLAR SYSTEM (Continued)

Home Work 1 :Extra Saturnine Planets.

On similar lines study and make notes about Uranus and Neptune.

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 Topic 2 : THE SOLAR SYSTEM (Continued)
• Extra Saturnine Planets
• Uranus, Neptune are extra saturnine planets.
• It is said that Sage Vyasa referred to configurations including these planets
during Mahabharata war, and have corresponding names as Prajapati or
Indira to Uranus, Varuna to Neptune and Yama to Pluto.
• Though they are far away from our Earth, they still have an effect on our life
for good or bad happenings and we do consider them especially in
Mundane Astrology
• However for native it not so much considered, in Vedic Astrology
due to very long durations in one sign - nearly one life time around the
Zodiac and more.
• Western Astrology considers the transits of these Extra Saturnine Plan.
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 Topic 2 : THE SOLAR SYSTEM (Continued)
• Dwarf Planets :
• There are 5 officially recognized dwarf planets in our solar system.

• They are Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake and Eris.

• With the exception of Ceres, which is located in the asteroid belt, the other dwarf
planets are found in the outer solar system.

• The largest dwarf planet in the solar system is Pluto followed by Eris, Makemake,
Haumea, with the smallest being Ceres.

• The order of the dwarf planets from closest to Sun outwards is Ceres, Pluto,
Haumea, Makemake, with Eris being the furthest from the Sun.

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 Topic 2 : THE SOLAR SYSTEM (Continued)
Asteroids
Asteroids are celestial bodies orbiting the Sun, and they are made of rock or metal
or a combination of the two.
Most asteroids orbit the Sun in a ring located between Mars and Jupiter; however,
some orbit in other places.
Kuiper Belt
This is popularly known as outer asteroid belt whose orbits stretch from orbits of
Neptune and farther out in the Solar system.
Meteoroid
A rocky body smaller than asteroid , about 10 meters in diameter that orbits
around the Sun.
Comet
It is a small body in the solar system consisting of dust and volatile gas.

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 Topic 3 : THE EARTH

3.1 Earth – Facts.

3.2 Heliocentric and Geocentric.
3.3 Equator.
3.4 Northern and Southern Hemisphere.
3.5 North Pole and South Pole.
3.6 Inclination of earth’s Axis.
3.7 Pole Star or Dhruva Tara
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 Topic 3 : THE EARTH(Continued)
3.1 Earth – Facts.
• Formed 4.5 billion years ago.
• Third planet from the Sun.
• It has a diameter of about 12,742 kilometers.
• Earth goes around Sun in 365.24 days and spins on its own axis in about 24 hours
• Earth has one natural satellite moon
• Differs from other planets as it has abundant water, Nitrogen and Oxygen
Inner core of nickel and iron is surrounded by liquid outer core. Mantle has
iron and magnesium. Crust is of granite and crystalline rocks
• Our atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surround Earth. It is kept in
place by the pull of Earth's gravity. If Earth was a much smaller planet, like
Mercury or Pluto, its gravity would be to weak to hold a large atmosphere.

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 Topic 3 : THE EARTH(Continued)
3.1 Earth – Facts.
• Earth’s Speed of Rotation:
• Earth’s radius at the equator is 6378 Kms
• Circumference = 2 x 3.14 x 6378 = 40,053
Kms = D
• Time to complete 1 rotation is 23 hrs 56
mins 4 secs = say 24 hrs =T
• Speed of rotation = D/T
• 40,053 / 24 = 1670 Kms per hour

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 Topic 3 : THE EARTH(Continued)
3.1 Earth – Facts.
• Earth’s Speed of Revolution:
• Radius of earth’s orbit = 1AU = 150,000,000 Kms
(150 million Kms)
• Circumference of earth’s orbit = 2 x 3.14 x
150,000,000 = 942,000,000 Kms (942 million
Kms) = D
• Time to complete 1 orbit = 365.2422 days = 8766
hours =T
• Speed of revolution = D / T
• 942,000,000 / 8766 = 107,000 Kms per hour = 30
Kms per Sec
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 Topic 3 : THE EARTH (Continued)
3.2 Heliocentric and Geocentric.
• Geocentric theory is described as the Earth being the centre of
the solar system while the heliocentric theory describes the Sun
as being in the centre.

• Geocentric theory proposes that all objects including the moon,

sun, stars orbit around the Earth while the heliocentric theory
proposes that all other objects including the Earth, moon, and
stars move around the Sun.

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 Topic 3 : THE EARTH (Continued)
3.3 Equator.
• Equator is an imaginary line drawn on the
surface of the Earth which divides the Earth
into two equal hemispheres.
3.4 Northern and Southern Hemisphere.
3.5 North Pole and South Pole.
• The North Pole, of course, is in the
Northern Hemisphere, while the South Pole
is at the most southerly part of the
Southern Hemisphere.
• So, the North Pole and the South Pole refer
to the extreme points of the Earth's axis.
• In other words, the Earth spins around its
axis that is joined by the North Pole and the
South Pole.

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 Topic 3 : THE EARTH (Continued)
3.6 Inclination of earth’s Axis.

Earth’s axis is tilted 23.5 °.

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Topic 3 : THE EARTH (Continued)

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Topic 3 : THE EARTH (Continued)
THE SEASONS

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 Topic 3 : THE EARTH (Continued)
3.7 Pole Star or Dhruva Tara
• Vedic name of Pole Star is Dhruva Tara.
• Mythology – King Uttanapada and his son Dhruva
• The brightest star at the end of the handle of Little Dipper is the
North Star
• The North Star, (Pole Star, Dhruva Tara) is 430 light years away from
the Earth
• The current Polestar is Polaris

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 Topic 3 : THE EARTH (Continued)
3.7 Pole Star or Dhruva Tara
• Vedic name of Pole Star is
Dhruva Tara.
• Mythology – King Uttanapada
and his son Dhruva.
• The brightest star at the end of
the handle of Little Dipper is the
North Star
• The North Star, (Pole Star,
Dhruva Tara) is 430 light years
away from the Earth
• The current Polestar is Polaris

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 NEXT CLASS
• Topic 4: The Moon:
• 4.1 Phases of the Moon.
• 4.2 Moon’s Nodes ( Rahu and Ketu ).
• Topic 5: Zodiac:
• 5.1 Ecliptic.
• 5.2 Zodiac ( Movable and Fixed Zodiac; Tropical and Sidereal Zodiac)
• 5.3 Names of the Zodiac Sign ( Western and Hindu).
• Topic 6: Eclipses:
• 6.1 Meaning of Eclipse; Occultation.
• 6.2 Solar Eclipse ( Total , Partial and Annular)
• 6.3 Lunar Eclipse ( Total , Partial and Penumbral)
• 6.4 Role of Rahu and Ketu in Eclipses.
• 6.5 Combustion.
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 QUERIES

QUERIES AND COMMENTS

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HONORING DURGA DEVI

ॐ दं ु दग
ु ायै नमः

Om Dum Durgayei Namaha

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 MAHA MRITYUNJAYA MANTRA
ॐ य बकं यजामहे
सुगि धं पुि टवधनम ् ।
उवा क मव ब धनान ्
म ृ योमु ीय मामत
ृ ात ् ॥

Om Try-Ambakam Yajaamahe
Sugandhim Pusstti-Vardhanam
Urvaarukam-Iva Bandhanaan
Mrtyor-Mukssiiya Maa-[A]mrtaat ||

Om. We pray The Three-Eyed Lord Shiva who is fragrant and who increasingly nourishes the
devotees. Worshipping him may we be liberated from death for the sake of immortality just as
the ripe cucumber easily separates itself from the binding stalk.

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SHANTI MANTRA
ॐ पणू मदः पण
ू मदं पण
ू ा पण
ु मद
ु यते
पूण य पूणमादाय पूणमेवाव श यते ॥
ॐ शाि तः शाि तः शाि तः ॥

Om Puurnnam-Adah Puurnnam-Idam Puurnnaat-Purnnam-

Udacyate
Puurnnashya Puurnnam-Aadaaya Puurnnam-Eva-
Avashissyate ||
Om Shaantih Shaantih Shaantih ||

All is full and abundant, always

This, all that is within you, and That, all that is around you, is
fullness
From that fullness, fullness is forever born again
Remove fullness from fullness and still, only fullness remains
Om Peace, Peace, Peace!

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THANK YOU

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