APPLICATIONS OF MATRICES

AND DETERMINANTS TO
BuSINESS AND ECONOMICS
SOLVED NUMERICALS
M atrix Notations
Q. 1. A firm produces three products P Pa and Pa requiring the mixup of
three materials M, M2 and Mj. The per unit requirement of each product for
each material (in units) is as follows:

M, M2 M3
P2 3 1
A =

P2
Using matrix notations, find:
(i) the total requirement of each material if the firm produces 100 units
of each product,
(ii) the per unit cost of production of each product if the per unit cost of
materials M, M2 and Mg are 5, <10 and
75 respectively, and
(in) the total cost of production if the firm
product.
produces 200 units of each
M M2 M,
2 3 1
|P 100|P 5 M
Sol. Let A =|4 2 5|P2. B=| 100|P2 and C-| 10 |M2
2 42]P 100 P L5 JM3
() Total requirement of each material = A".B

M2 4 2 100P
200+ 400 200
800M
M23 24 100 P =300 200
M31 5 2 100P 100 500
400=900 M2
200 800 M,
24
 CHAPTER 2 APPLICATIONS OF MATRICES & DETERMINANTS TO BLSINESS& ECONOMICS25

(i) Per unit cost of production of each product = AC

M,2 3 1[5 10 30 51 45 M,
= M2425 10=20 20 25 651M
M,2 4 2 5 10 40 10
60 M,

(ii) Total cost of production if 200 units of each product are produced

45

|200 200 200] 65 [9000 13,000 12,000] [34000]

60
Q.2. A firm produces three products P. Pz and P^ requiring the mix up of
three materials M, M2 and M,. Per unit requirement of each product for each
material is as follows:

M, M M
P3 44
A = P3
Ps4 4
matrix notation, find:
Using
of each material if the firm produces 200 units
() The total requirement
of each product.
(ii) The per unit cost of of each product if the per unit cost of
production
materials M1. M2, M3 are 3, t8 and t6 respectively.
(iii) The total cost of production if the firm produces 200 units of product
and 2010 R
Pi and 300 units of each of the products P2 Ps
M M2 Ma
+ 2 P 200 P M
Sol. Let A = 3 2 P2 B 200P.C 8 M2
200 P 6M
4 2P
material =AB
(0) Total requirement of each

M,3 200P
M24 5 200 P
Ms2 3x3 20031
600 600 800 M2000M
| 800+ 1000 800 |M2 2600M2
400+ 400+400 M; |1200 M
of materials M,, M2 and M, 1s 2,000, 2,600 and 1,200
Total requirement
units respectively =
AC
ot each product
T e r unit cost of production

3 932 12 53 P
9 40 1 2 61
56
12 32 12
 DELHI UNIVERSITY SERIES
Shiv Das |B.Com. (lrog,) CBCS
26

Per unit cost of each product P P2 and P3 is 753, 761 and

respectively.
200 units of product Pj and 300 units
(n) Total cost of production ot
of the products P2 and Pg are produced

53
200 300 300 61
56
|10600+ 18300+ 16800] = 145,700]

Q. 3. Three firms A, B and C supplied 40, 35 and 25 truck loads of stones an

10,5, and 8 truck loads of sand respectively to a contractor. If the cost of stone
and sand are 1,200 and 7500 per truck load
respectively, find the total amour
paid by the contractor to each of these firms.
2010 E
Sol. Total amount paid by the contractor to each firm is
Stone Sand

A A
4 [1,200
CC25 500 Stone
Sand
48,000 +5,000 53, 000 |
B 42,000+ 2,500
S0, 000 + 4, 000
44, 500
34,000
Total amount
Total amount
paid to firm A =

{53,000
Total amount
paid to firm B =
744,500
paid to firm C =
R34,000
Q. 4. A firm
three
produces three
products A, B and
materials M, M2 and C
requiring the mix up
material is as M3. Per unif
followS: requirement of each
product for e
2011E
M M2
P 2
M 3 5
P 4
Using matrix notation,
(i) The total determine:
ofeach requirement
product.
of each
material if the firm
() The per unit cost of 200 u produces s

materials Mi, M2 and production

of each product if
(ii) The total cost My are 73, 78 the per unit cost o
of and 76
A and 300
units each of production
if the firm respectively.
Sol. 0) The the 200 units of produces
duct
ot eachproducts B and C.
total
each requirement pro
product given by
is
product if the firm o
produces 200 u
M M2 Ma
P
|200 200
200 4 3
P
 CHAPTER 2 APPLICATIONS OF MATRICES & DETERMINANTS TO BUSINESS & ECONOMICS 27
M
M M
200x 2+ 200 x 3+ 200 x
4 200x 4+ 200 5
x
200x 5 200x 3 200x 3
200 x 2
M M2 M3
|1800 2800 1600]
(i) The per unit cost of materials M, M2 and M3 can be represented by
3xImatrix
M3
C M2|8
M3 6
The per unit cost ot production of each product Is given by

3| 3
MC =
x3+4 x8+3x6| P56
3x3+5x8+3x6= P67
4x3+5x8+ 2x6] B64|
The per unit cost of production of each product is given by 56,
67 and 764.
200 units of Py and 300
(11) The total of production if the firm produces
cost
and P3 Is given by
units of each of the products P^

56

200 300 300] [11,200 +20,100 +19,200] [50,500]

64
production
=
750,500
Hence, total cost of documentary
television companies TV, TV,
andhas
both televise and
. 5 . Two wo transmitting stations
programmes. TV, different
Programmes and variety stations5. All stations transmit

has
transmitting
three 1 hour of documentary
station broadcasts
the TV; each TV2 station
Programmes. On an average day whereas
programmes each each
hours of variety 1/% hours of variety
programmes
n documentary
and costs
orOadcasts 2 hours of documentary and variety programmes
of
transmission in matrix form and Express,
The
y. and {200 per
hour respectively.

Pproximately 750 station.

each TV,
hence evaluate:
of
transmission
from
each TV and
daily to documentary
cost
T h e daily number hours
which are devoted
of
) The total both companies.
programmes
by incurred by both companies.
to variety 2012 R
and cost of
transmission

The total daily

stations
transmitting
o. TV has 2
stations.
Vhas 3 transmitting
 SERIEC
CECS) DELHI
UNTVERSITY ES
sSDas [BCom (Prog
Armiahie hur Documentary Variety
TV(hours) 2 12
TV (hours)
50
and variety programmes per hour 200
Cost of documentary
is product ot two matrices
cost of transmission
() Daily
50 600 650
2 100 300 400
Cost of transmission from each TV, station = {650

and Cost of transmission from each TV, station = 7400

() TV has 2 transmitting stations

Hours available for documentary and variety programmes
=
2(1): 2(3) =
2 hours and 6 houn
TV has three transmitting stations
Hours available for
documentary and variety prOgramme
3(2); 3(3/2) = 6 hours; 9/2 houn
Total hours available for
and total hours available for
variety programmes 2 +6 = =
8 hrs.
documentary programmes
()Total daily cost ot transmission 65 10.5hous
(Total hr.) Cost per hr. 8 50
x
= x
Total daily
cost of 10.5(200) 7400 +2,10 =

Q.6. The transmission {2,500 =

l and Type Dummy Electronics produces 3

IIL Type l
contains 1 types of Radio sets-Type l,
Type contains 2 transistors, 18 transistor, 10 resistors and 5 1y
hile
contains 3 transistors, 24 resistors and 7 capacito
capacitors and tyPe
Type and Type IIlresistors and 10 capacitors. Monthly
L

radio-sets is 100 units, demand tor

respectively.
monthly Arrange this
information 250 units and Bu unit
system of consumption of in matrix form for
Sol The equations is not transistors, resistors and determin o
on

three required.
33 matrm as types of Radio sets and their
capacitors. 12012E
2012
Typel
components repre
are
are represented D

Transistor
Kesastor
E Type II1
Capactor
The monthiy demand 10
is
ype
ype I!
100
250
represented by a
Column matrix as
vpe l 0
The
monthiy
consumption calculated
is

Typel by
multiplying the two
i ransstor
stor TVelyp 3
100
ns

50 Typel
aitor 24
I1 Type
 CHAPTERAPPLICATKONS OF MATRICB& DETERMINANTS BUSENESS& ECOROMS 29
2
TO

0.7. A firm owns two machines M, and

achines have life of 5 years with zero M2
a costing 745,000 and 30,000. Both
scrap value. Compute depreciation
of both machines tor each year using matrix notation:
() both
are depreciated by sum of the years digit method;
in both depreciated by straight line method;
are

(ii) if first machine is depreciated by sum of the

second by straight line method. years digit method and
2014. 2017
Sol. Total depreciation of Machine M, R(45,000 =

0) 245,000 -

Total depreciation of Machine

M, R(30,000 - 0) 730000 =

() According to the sum of the years

digit method:
Annual depreciation for each year for the first five years would be in thee
ratio 5 4

or
15
Thus, if we write,
Total depreciation
W = 45,000 Mi
30,0 M2
4t

and R-15 i
of each machine tor each year is given by
then, the annual depreciation
the matrix product,

WR =30, 000 15 15
st nd 4th 5th
ot Machine 1 for different years
5,000M; Dep.
-

6,000
15,000 12,000 9, 000 Dep. of Machine
2for diferent year

10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 M2-

method. machines are depreciated by equal
(7) According to the straight line annual depreiation for each rate
amount each year. In other words, theThe annual depreciation of each
constant, i.. '/5
year would be by
be calculated
machine tor each year can

45,000 1
30,005
9,000 9,000 M
9.000 9,000 9,00 6,000
000
6,000M2
6,000 method and
6,000 6, 000 years the digit
it tirst machine is
depreciated by sum ot annual depreciation of each
line method, then the
second by straight can be
calculated by
tor each vear
3/15 /15 1/15
achine

05/15 4/15
45,000
1/15 1/15 1/15 1/15
1/15
30,000
6,0003,000 M1
9,000
15,00 12,000
6,000
6,000 M
6,000
6,000
6,0
000
 CBCS] DELHI UNIVERSITY SERIES
30 Shiv Das [B.Com. (Prog,)
A firm has two
machines Mj and M2 costing {75,000an
Q. 8.
pectively. Both have a life of 5 years with scrapP value being 790,00 tk
depreciation of each machine for each year using matrix notatior
nil.
if
Both are
() by Straight Line Method.
depreciated
(i) Both are depreciated by sum of the year digits method.
Also find total depreciation of each year if first machine is depreciated
straight line method and second by sum =ofR(75,000
Sol. Total depreciation of Machine M
the year digits
0)
method.
R75,000
Total depreciation of Machine M2 = R(90,000 0) = 790,000

() According to the straight line method, machines are

depreciated
equal amount each year. In other the annual words,
depreciation rate f
each year would be constant, i.e., '/5. Let total
depreciaion be
by matrix W and rate of depreciation for 5 years by matrix represente
R.
W = 75,000 M1
90,000 M2
and R

The annual
depreciation of each machine for each year can be
by the matrix product
calcular

WR 75,000 1
90,000|
3
15,000 5, 000
18,000 18,000 15,000
18,000 15,000 15, 000 M1
i) 000
According to the sum of the 18,000 M2
Annual years digit method:
ratio = depreciation for each
year for the first five in t
r years wou
15 /15 /15
The annual /15
by depreciation of each machine/15
for each
ror each year can be calculat
year can e

75,000 5
0,000 15
25,000 20,000
3
30,000 24,000 15,000 10,000
(ii) If first 18,000 5,000 Mi
machine is 12,000
6,000 M2
of the depreciated
years digit method, by straight line
for each
year can be then the method and

75.000 0 calculated annual by depreciation o

achi

1/5 1/5
0,000 5/15 4/15 1/5
3/15
2 2/15 1/15
15,000
, 000
15,000
4,000 5
000
1000
,000
15,000 Mi
 CHAPTER 2 APPLICATIONS OF MATRICES & DETERMINANTS TO BLSINESS&ECONOMICS 31

o.9. The following matrix gives the number of units of three products (P
P, and P) that can be processed per hour on three machines (M, M2 and Mg).

M1 M2 M3
10 12 15 P
13 11
20 P
16 18 14P
be
Determine by using matrix algebra, how many units of each product
can

if the hours available on machines M, M2 and M3 are 54, 46 and 48

produced, 2017
respectively.
Sol. Let the given matrix be denoted by x and the number of hours available
on machines A, B and C be denoted by matrixKy.

A BC
A 54
12 15
P 10 B46
r =Q 13 11 20
R[16 18 14
J3x3
C45 J3
that can be produced, can be obtained by
The number of units of each product
the matrix x by matrix y.
multiplying
A A 5
P 10 12 15
xy = Q 13 11 20 B 46
R 16 18 14 3 4 Jsxa

P 10x54+ 12x46+15x 48
Q 13x54+11x46 +20 x48
R|16x 54+18x46+ 14x48J3«1

P| 540+552 +720 P| 1,812

Q| 702 + 506 +960| =Q 2.168
R[864 +828+672 R2,364,
units of R can be produced.
of Q and 2,364
hus, 1,812 units of P, 2,168 units

Method/Matrix Algebra
of Linear
Equations-Matrix
ystem shops, say
A, B and C in three
of items
.10. The stock of three types
below:
, yand z are
given 3 5 7] 411 10
26 8 10 14 18
11 13 B=9
14 15 and C= 12 26 35
A =9 16 17 20
15 18 19 three shops at the
of items
delivered to
the the
of items sold during
hoMatrix
number
B shows the
X C shows the number

of week. Matrix
w ing a

week. Using matrix an itemsfind after the delivery

numberof ms immediately
immedia the week.
the w e e k .
the end of
items at the
the number of
2Shv Das BCom (og) CS| DELHI UNIVERSITY SERIES
Sol ) The matrix A
shows the opening stock and the
at the matia
tnx Bis
B is TTeintorten
begnning ot the week.
The number ot items
matrices A and B. immeuately arter the
delivery is
the sum
26S 35 7 5 11 15
A B 1 15 14
15 18 15= 18 23 8
(The number ot
19 16 17
20 31 35 39
items the end
by the matrix A B at C ot the week is the
-

closing stock gme

26 S 7
A B-C 911
13 9
0
15 18 19 l6 17
14 15
20 14 18
12
5 1
18 58-10 411 10 10 5
14 18=S
5 11 10
Q.11. Solve the 12 26 35
Product I uses 3 following by matrix 199 4
algebra:
Product II uses 6, 9units of material, 9 units
and 15 unitsof labour and 12 units of
units
capitalrespectively. respectively
33 units of and capt
are
available. material, 27 product
units of labour and
III uses 9, 0
nd
Find how
produced making
Sol. Products use of the
many units of
60 units «
available material, the three products could
labour and
capital.
Material 3 69
Labour9
The
Capital |12 159
production of three products is
Material 33 represented by
Labour 27 column matri
Capital 60
The total
production is calculated
99
by
162 multiplying
540d the two
matrices
243 0
AJS
Product I 801
540 Units
1341
Therefore, the number of
labour and
capital are B01, units
Q. 12. Reena,
of three
540, 1341 products produced by using mate
buys 10 bottles ofMeena and Deepa units respectively
6 and 10 juice, 5 sandwichesbuy juice,
pieces, while
bottle of juice costs Deepa buys and 8 pieces of
sandwiches and sweet
5, 6,7 and 9 sweets. buy
sandwich each Meena
the pieces
money spent by costs R10 and of
algebra. each of them on the a respecti15;
piece of sweets
purchase of three items cost
using
 4APTER 2 APPLICATIONS OF MATKJCES & DETEMINANTS 1O SAVES, u HIDMAS3

Sol.
Let the quantities of juice, sandwiches and sweets purchaswd try Keartia,
eea and Deepa be denoted by matrix A
Juice Sandwiches smeets
Reena 10
A Meena 10
Deepa 9

Let the costs of juice, sand wiches and sweets be deruted try matriz

B
Juice
Sandwiches 10
Sweets 3/1
each of them on the purchase of three terrs wosid te g v
Money spent by
by matrix AB
Reena | 10
AB Meena 4 6 1010
6
Deepa
Reena 105+510 815
Meena 45+6 10+ 10 15
Deepa
6 5 + 7 / 10+ 9715
Reena | 50 + 50 129
Meena 20+60+150
Deepa + 70 + 1 3 ]

Reena | 220
Meena
Deepa 235
Meena spent {230 Deepa and ?235 spent
Thus, Reena spent 7220, bond A and a part
13. Mr. X has invested a part of his
investment in
10s
. is 490. If he i v e s t s
His interest
income during first year
n 15% bond B. in 1 5 bond B, his income during
10% m o r e
20% more 10% bond A and investment and the new

Find his initial

increases by 7500.
econd year using matrix method. ?

vestment in bonds A and B, and in 15% bond B be

bond A be ? I
invested in 10%
01. Let the amount 27 3 u 90000
Then , 15, 4000
100 100
10y 100450 450
andx+2 10.
100 100
100
Sx 11y 300000
1200x 1650y - 450
10,000 10,000 written as
can be
matrix form
dtions () and (ii) in

2 3
B11 300000
11
-2: Adj -
OW, |A| 22 24 =
 DELHI UNIVERSITY SERIES
CBCS|
Shiv Das |B.Com. (Prog-)
34

-1 11-3
2-8 2
=

Here, A-l JA| adjA

know, X
= A-l B
As we
7
* 1 11-3 80000
2-3 230000
1 880000-900000
2-640000+600000
1-20000] 100001
240000 20000
=
{10,000 and y
=
F20,000
r
bond A * = =
{10,000
Initial investment in
bond B =y
=
R20,000
and Initial investment in
rx 20
New Investment in
Bond A x+00
100

- 10,00 10,000x 20=712,000

100

20,000 +*20,000x 10
and New Investment in Bond B =y+x10) 100
100

= 722,000
T, T2 and T,
to transp
company u s e s
3 types of trucks
Q.14. A transport
The capacity of each
truck in terms
or2010
3 types of vehicles Vi, V2
and V3.
below:
of vehicles is given
Truck tupe 2V
 CHAPTER 2 APPLICATIONS OF MATRICES & DETERMINANTS TO0 BUSINESS & ECONOMIS 35

85
123 105
110
Determinant A = -2 - 2 x 2+3 x 5

-2 4 + 15 =
90 A exists = 0
JA|
= -

Cofactor of
11-2
327
12-2
d13 5 33

-2 5
Here A d j A-2 7
5 4

Adj A - -4 7
1

X = A'B
Aswe know,
-2 5-285 7105=-170420+770=180
70 525 -22013515
20

440 0 10
425 105
-

5 1 4[110
20, z 10 respectively. =

20 and 10
=
15, y are 15,
trucks of each type
N u m b e r of by
a r e given
each type
vehicles of
(7) Number of
140V
1040+90
1 2 310 30+40+60 = 130
3 2 2|20
3 2 3020 60 6 0 1 4 0 V received by him

2 salesman
and the
commission

sales made by a

The Total Commission

last three weeks
is given below
n
the Drawn (in)
Number
of Units Sold ProductC 1160
Week
Product B 40 110
Product A 12 70
S0 60 6) and C
110
c o m m i s s i o n
on
product
A, B|2011 E
rates
of ?
and
find the C be
z, ?y
Usin
Dec1atrix
algebra,
A, B
and

respectively.
Sol. Let the rates ot
commission
on
products

espectively, then we have

= 1160
+ 120y + 40:
SUr 70:
= 110
+
10r + 60y
=

x+60y + 60:
 ONIVERSITY SERIESs
DELHI
CBCSJ
(Prog)
36
Shiv Das[B.Com in the matrix form as llows:
follo
can be put
above equations
The s0 120 40
110
XX = B
A
matrix A is
coefticient

determinant
ot the
The
S0 120
=110 60 70
D =

A 60

10 * 60
=40 x

24,000 1
3(11 -7) 1(11 - 6)]
+
24,00012(6 7) 12 + 5)
24,000(-2
24,000[2(-1) -3(4) +5]
=

24,000(-9) = -2,16,000

exists.
0, therefore, A-l
Since I A l2
Al A adj A
A
find out the cofactors of the matrix
To find out the adj A, we
= 3600 - 4200 600
A (60 x 60) (60 70) -
x

-2400
A12 -I(l10 60) (60 70)]
x * -
=
-(6600 -

4200) =
6 6 0 0 - 3600 = 3000)
Aj3 = (110 x 60) - (60 * 60)
-4800
A21 -l(120 60) x
(60 x 40)] -
=
-(7200 -

2400) =
4800 - 2400 2400
A (80 x
60) (60 40)
- x

2400
A23 -I(80 *
60) -(60 120)] * =
-(4S00 7200) = -

As (120 x 70) - (60 x 40)| 8400 2400 6000

As2 -180 x 70) - (1 x40)] = -(5600 - 4400)= 1200
Az (80 x 60) - (110 * 120) 4800 - 13200 = -S400

-600 4800 6000

=2400 2400 -1200
adj A
S000 2400-8400
-8 10
= 6004 4-2 11Aking 6O0 common from the
4 -14

10
and
A 2,16, 000 -2
-14

-8 10
 10116
Thus, A"H 11

-1116) 119 10 960

41149 4 1199-2 960
51169 411)-14 960
1160
- 9529 9609
4640 4769-1920
504760 13440

1080
3610 290 1800=

Thuas,
on products A,
78 are the rates of commission =
Hence x 73, y 75 and z
= =

and C respectively. of three

and Pg requiring the mixup
A firm produces 3 products Pz, Pz
216. for each each product
The per unit requirement of
materials M,, M2 and M,
material is gjven below:

M1 M2 M3

A
1 4 2 firm has 850, 1250
of each product if
cost of
find production per unit
sing Matrix method, respectively. Also find
materials R12 per unit
650 units of the
three materials a r e 5, k10 and
nd unit of three 2015
cn product, if cost per
P and Pp
repectively. production
of products P, of the products
out the be produced
i r s t part: Finding which could
. number of
units
y and z be the
, P2 and Pz respectively. we
have
data,
OTding
to the given
+ z= 850
2z 3y
i y + 4 z = 1,250 matrix form as
in the
y + 2z=6500 can be expressed

of equations
V E system

50
4 = 1,25
1 650
B 15

coefficient matrix
of
- the 1)
3(6 - 4)+ 1(3
Tninant

A 2 / 2 4)
312) 1-
*
-

21-2)
+2 -8 : 0
4-
 DELHI UNIVERSITY SERIES
Das [BCom. (P'rog) CBCS|
8 Sh
theretore, A" exIsts. Now, we find out A-1
Since A 0,

A)
A A (adj
To find out adj A, we tirst tind out cofactors of the matrix A.

-(6 - 1) -5
A =2- 4 -2 A21
=

Az1 (12-1) 11
(4 1) 3
-(6 4) = -2 A A32-(8 -3)
=

A -

3 1 2 -(2 - 3) =1
As -
=

A23 Ag3 (2 - 9) =
-2
Cofactor matrix is-5
Now transpose of cofactor matrix is adj A.

Tad A)=
850
X=A B 1.250
650
1-2x850)+ (-5 x 1,250) + (11 x 650)
-2x 8S0) (3 x 1,250)-5x
(2 850) 650)
(1x 1,250) +
7x 60)
-1,700- 6,250 7,150
-1,7003,750 -3, 250
1.700 1.250 4.550
-800
100
1.200 1500
-1.600 200
.
100 units, y
=
x
150 units,
Thus, z =
200
units
production
products P, P2 andunits
respectively.
ot
P are 100 units, 150 units nd 2
Second Part: a
Finding out per
materials M;. M2 and M, can be unit cost of each
represented by product. The per cost
5 Mi 3 1 matrix. uni a x

C 10 M2
12 M3
The per unit cost ot
production ot each
M M2 M3 product is
given by
AC=
M2
12M
 uAPTER
APPLICATIONS OF MATRICES & DETERMINANTS
2:

TO BUSINESS&ECONOMICS39
2x5+3x +1x 12 10+30 +12
10
3x5+1x10 +1x 12=15+10 +12 5237 PP
1x5+4x10+2x12] 5+
Thus, per unit cost of products P, P2 and 40+24
69 P
Pg are 752, 737 and ?69
respectively
S ystem of Linear Equations-Cramer's Rule
Q. 17. Given the following National Income model:
C a + bY, (a > 0, 0 < b < 1)
I = d+ eY,(d> 0, 0<e<1)
Y =I+ C
Solve for the endogenous variables C, I and Y using determinant method.
Sol. Rewriting the given system of linear equations as
C + 0I - bY

OC +I e Y = d

-C - I + Y = 0

The given equations can be written in matrix form as

AX B

10-b||Ca

A X B
The determinant of the coefficient matrix

10-
1 -e= 1(1 -e) -

b{0 +
1) =
1 -

b -e
D= 0
H -1 1|
solution, given by
unique
0, the system has
a
oice D

C - - . Y-
a 0 =
a -ae + ba
b(-d
-

0)
e)
-

a(l -

D,-1
0-1
-e
1
bd
1
a(0
-

e) -

b{0 +d) =d +ae -

d -e= 1(d - 0)
20
-1 0

1 0
+ d)+a(0
+ 1) =a+d
0 1 d 1(0
D 4+ae-bd _4+4
-1
-1 at- Y D 1- v a n a b i e s
and

endogenous

(C)
are called
expendiure

consumption

Note: National in Uhcome (Y),

ene 10SIn°Us v a r a p i e
40Shiv Das [B.Com. (Prog) CBCS|] DELHI UNIVERSITY
SERIES
Gauss-Jordan Elimination Method
(System of Linear Equations)
Q.18. A firm produces three
products P, P2 and Ps processed on 3 machi
M, M, M, before completion. M, can
process 25 units of
P3 per hour. M2 can process 50 units of any onePj
or 50
or 75 units of units oft
M3 can process 50 or 25 or 100 units per hour of the product per hos
respectively. The products Pi, P2 and
are 12, 12 and 13 respectively.
processing houTs available on the
machines M, Mz and
Using matrix N
() How many units of three notations, find:
products can be
produced with the
time? availa
(ii) The production cost per unit if costs
per hour of operating machine
M, M2 and M3 are ?500, R1,000 and
(in) The total cost of T1,500 respectively.
Sol. () production.
Suppose x units of product Pi, y units of
product Pa provided.
are product P2 and z units a

Then
according to the question, we have the
equationsS following system a

25 50 75=12
05050512
X -13
50
6x + 50 25 100
3y + 2z =
1800
**y
2x
+2=600
+4y +z =
1300
he
given system of
equations can be
AX B. written in the form oft
mat
6 3
2 x1800
i.e, 1 1
2 1y=600
4
1 1300
We now find the values of x,
transtormations only. y, z
by using elementay
We have,

1 600
1800
Jusing R, *
1300

111T] 600
ie.o -3 2
-1800 -|using R R2 6R, R^ *
*
-

100

11
it.
600
0 1
600
100 -Jusing R2 * 3
02-1
 CHAITER 2:
APTLICATONS OF MAIKICES& DETERMINANTS TO
BUSINESS &ECONOMICS 41

600
600

0
112 1-1100 |using R3 R^ - 21R2

Xtyt 2 = 600

y z = 600

-1100 .(1n)
Solving (), (i) & (ii), get x = 100, y = 200, z = 300

(n) We lind the production cost per unit

1 1 M
25 50 75

500 1000 1500)50 50 50

11 M
11 1
50 25 100JM,

20+ 20 + 30 10 + 20 + 60 6.67 +20+15]

[70 90 41.67] P1 P2 P's
(10) Total cost of production is given by

[100 18,000+ 12,500]

=
737,500
70 90 41.67] 200
=
[7,000+
300 A, B and
A manufacturer is manufacturing
three varieties of toys,
19. toy to sell of the
manufactured toys. First
spectively. He
retail
has three shops
has 2 dozens, 3 and 1 dozen of type
dozens
A, and respectively. B C
p is
1, 2, 2 dozens; and 1, 5, 10
for the second and third shops
da analysis unit of toy of every variety
on each
How much profit total profits for shops 1,
sh respectively. <19 and t8l as
e a r n 715,
should as to
De charged
s o

and 3 respectively? each ot varieties A,

dozen toys
in rupees tor
one
Sol. Le y and : be profits
B
and C
he respectiveiy.
data can be written in the
torm ot linear equattons
5y+
ds

T02 = 81
en 2
19
Zr + 3y + : = 15; r2y + the torm ot matrix ass
The can be written in
"*n system of
equations

AX = B
42 Shiv Das [B.Com. (Prog.) CBCS] DELHI UNIVERSITY SERIES

Applying R> R1 R2 and -

Rg> R3 -

R2 we
get

Applying R2> R2 -

R, we
get

Applying R3 Rs -

3R2, we
get

Since the
coefficient matrix of the
triangular matrix. given system has been
.
Rewriting the above matrix
reduced to
form in terms of
X*y- z=-4
y+3z = 23 equations, we get
-2 -7
From
(ii), -z =-7 z =7
Putting the value of z in
y+3(7) =23 (i), we
get
Putting the values of Y 23 211
y and y 2
Hence
x+2 7= -4 z in (i), we
get
x =
1, y =
2 and X
z
4- +5
=
7 1