12

Republic of the Philippines Department

of Education NATIONAL CAPITAL
REGION
Misamis Street, Bago-Bantay, Quezon City

UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS

(USLeM)

Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion

Week 5
Writer/Illustrator Language Editor
Mr. Jimm B. Mira Mr. Jonniel M. Caadan

Content Validators
Mr. Virgilio D. Alcayde
Mr. John Keeneth M. Ferrera

MANAGEMENT TEAM

Dr. Malcolm S. Garma

Regional Director

Dr. Genia V. Santos Ms. Charito A. Villanueva

Chief, CLMD EPS, CLMD - ALS

Mr. Dennis M. Mendoza Ms. Nancy C. Mabunga

EPS, CLMD - LRMS Librarian II, CLMD - LRMS

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UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTRAY LEARNING MATERIALS
GRADE 12 - INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATION AND IMMERSION
LESSON 1: ETHICAL STANDARDS IN WRITING RELATED
LITERATURE
EXPECTATIONS:
This Supplementary Learning Material will help you to:
• identify the most relevant ethical issues in writing literature review ;
• determine the five principles that will help writers and researchers to follow an ethical
literature review ; and
• promote importance ethical standards in writing literature review among your peer
researchers.
PRETEST:
Directions: Read the questions carefully and encircle the letter of the best answer.
1. Which of the following refers to a reflection of acceptable practice in doing literature
review according to Roig (2017)?
a. ethical writing b. literature c. norms d. theoretical review
2. Which of the following refers to standard principles in conducting and designing research
or study?
a. code b. literature c. methods d. research ethics
3. Which of the following ethics research is being described “The researchers must
checked several resources available to them if they have questions about ethics or face
ethical dilemmas”?
a. know and use ethical resources c. be aware of your influence and role
b. observe informed-consent rules d. be upfront about intellectual property
4. Which of the following ethical research is being described “Researchers need to spare
time to discuss confidentially of the study to the participants so they are protected at all
means”?
a. know and use ethical resources c. be aware of your influence and role
b. observe informed-consent rules d.be upfront about intellectual property
5. Which of the following is one of the most common ethical issues in research where the
researcher is a mentor and laboratory supervisor at the same time?
a. ethical b. informed-consent rules c. intellect d. multiple roles
LOOKING BACK:
Identifying APA Reference List Sources
Directions: Identify the source of information for each APA reference by correctly checking
(√ ) the right column for each item.
Unpublished
Book Magazine Web Research
APA References
Articles Sites Paper
Greenhouse S. (2020, July 30).The coronavirus
pandemic has intensified systemic economic
racism against black Americans. Retrieved from
https://www.newyorker. com/news/news-
desk/the-pandemic-has-intensified-systemic-
economic-racism-against-black-americans.
Ford L. (2015).The use of experiential acceptance in
psychotherapy with emerging adults. (Publication
No. 3731118) Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine
University. ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis

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UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTRAY LEARNING MATERIALS
GRADE 12 - INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATION AND IMMERSION
Mogelson L. (2021, January 25).The storm. The New
Yorker, 5–12.
Calderon J.F.& Gonzalez E.(2005).Methods of
research and thesis writing . Mandaluyong City:
National Book Store ,Inc.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION
The literature review summarizes what has been researched and published in the
focus of the researcher's study. Moreover, writing the literature review requires embarking
on ethical standards.
According to Resnik (2020), the most common way of defining ethics is normed for
conduct that distinguishes between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour. When
researchers think about ethics, they must also ask themselves if it is right to conduct a
particular study or carry out specific procedures (Frankel and Waller,2008).
Ethical writing is a reflection of ethical practice (Roig,2017). As Kolin (2002)
emphasized, ethical writing is a straightforward, accurate, fair, and honest research practice.
Research ethics govern the standard principles in conducting and designing a
researcher or study. It is vital to abide by the set of ethical guidelines to ensure the
research's reliability and credibility, promote educational truthfulness, and established
integrity among the proponent/s of the study.
ACTIVITY 1: Unveiling the Most Relevant Ethical Issues in Writing Literature Review
Using 4 PICS 1 WORD
Objective: Determine the three most relevant ethical issues in writing literature review.
Directions: Use the specific theme of photo and the jumbled letters presented below as
clues to unveil the most relevant ethical issues in writing literature review. Write your answer
in space provided.

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UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTRAY LEARNING MATERIALS
GRADE 12 - INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATION AND IMMERSION
Guide Questions
1. How can a student keep track of their sources used in writing literature to avoid
plagiarism?

2. What type of language is appropriate to use when referring to racial group in writing
literature review?

3. How can a researcher eliminate carelessness, errors, and negligence to avoid

committing fraud in writing literature review?

Activity 2: Ethics in Literature Review

Objective: Analyze the five principles to help writers and researchers to follow an ethical
literature review.
Directions:
1. Study the five principles to follow an ethical literature review from the American
Psychological Association (APA) (1). observe informed-consent rules; (2.) uphold
confidentiality and privacy rights; (3.) be aware of your influence and role; (4.) know
and use ethical resources; and (5.) be upfront about intellectual property.
2. Carefully read and analyze each scenario in the table.
3. Identify what principle in ethical literature review is being violated and write the
best thing to do in each scenario. Write your answer in box provided below.
What principle in ethical What is the ethical
Scenario literature writing is thing to do in the
violated? given scenario?
A group of researchers ignores the
parents of their respondents who are
underage and assumes that all of their
respondents are willing participants.
The researcher intentionally
disregards to send a letter discussing
the confidentially of their study and
information disclosure rights among
their respondents.
Researchers used unreliable sites
such as face pages, blogs, and
unverified articles as a source of
information for their literature review.
The researcher who serves as
mentor and a lab supervisor among
his research participants is
unconsciously influencing them as
they participate in determining
whether or not his teaching strategy is
effective.
Researchers did not give proper
credits to sources of ideas that lead to

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UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTRAY LEARNING MATERIALS
GRADE 12 - INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATION AND IMMERSION
the conceptualization in writing
literature review and failed to
remember copyright infringement and
plagiarism violations.
REMEMBER
Plagiarism is an act against the intellectual property right law committed when
authors present the work or idea of others with a pure intention to claim it as their own
without ascription. Research fraud is fabrication, falsification, or deception in performing or
reporting research results (Harvey, 2020). Aside from plagiarism and research fraud, another
ethical concern in writing is “Language Use’. A writer must avoid racially charged, sexist,
offensive language and tendencies (University of Richmond, 2017). Simultaneously,
research misconduct is the fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism, including misrepresenting
credentials in proposing, performing, or reviewing research or reporting results.
CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING
TAKE A LEAP!
Directions: Briefly explain the question below according to how you understood the lesson.
Write your answers on the space provided.
As a student, how will you promote ethical standards in writing literature review among your
peer researchers?

POSTTEST:
Directions: Read the questions carefully and encircle the letter of the best answer.
1. Which of the following refers to an action against the intellectual property right law
committed when authors present others' work or idea with a pure intention to claim it as
their own without ascription?
a. copy b. language use c. misconduct d. plagiarism
2. Which of the following describe as fabrication, falsification or deception in performing or
reporting research results?
a. Copyright b. fraud c. language use d. misconduct
3. Which of the following must be done by the researcher to disclose all information
regarding the research before the individuals decide whether they will participate or not
in the study?
a. be aware of your influence and role c. observe informed-consent rules
b. know and use ethical resources d. uphold confidentiality and privacy rights
4. Which of the following will help safeguard researchers from copyright infringement and
plagiarism from the original author?
a. automatic consent c. follow confidentially and privacy
b. credit of idea d. observe consent rules
5. Which of the following situations promote ethical standards in writing literature review
among peer researchers?
a. be lazy and careless writer
b. always criticize the work of other in writing their literary review
c. let other researcher learn from their mistakes in writing literary review
d. practice following ethical standard in writing literature review so other may follow you

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UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTRAY LEARNING MATERIALS
GRADE 12 - INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATION AND IMMERSION
LESSON 2: WRITING REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
EXPECTATIONS:
This Supplementary Learning Material will help you to:
• identify the structure and correct sequence in writing literature review;
• practice writing literature review using literary sample ; and
• Value the importance of writing review of related literature in doing a research.
PRETEST:
Directions: Read the questions carefully and encircle the letter of the best answer.
1. Which of the following refers to a literature review structure that somehow presents the
fundamental idea of the particular study of the literature review?
a. conclusion b. discussion c. introduction d. main body
2. Which of the following plays a significant impact in the discussion of the results and
findings?
a. framework b. literature review c. research ethics d. theory
3. Which of the following is the best ways to find relevant research studies?
a. relay on peers b. self judgement c. use social media d. visit university libraries
4. Which of the following is consists of the organized discussion of sources and where you
summarize and synthesize your literature review ?
a. framework b. main body c. outline d. synthesis
5. Which of the following states the main purpose of conclusion in writing literature review?
a. informed reader c. provide overview of the literature
b. summarizes the idea d. give directions where your study would result.
LOOKING BACK:
CROSSWORD PUZZLE ACTIVITY
Directions: Complete the crossword puzzle by
using the clues on the ethical standards in writing
a literature review.
Across
1. Fabrication, falsification or deception in
performing or reporting research results.
3. Permission for something to happen or
agreement to do something.
Down
2. Multiple is one of the most common
ethical issues in research, where the
researchers is both mentor and laboratory
supervisor that might influence the participants.
4. Misrepresentation of credentials in proposing, performing or reviewing research.
5. Most commonly defined as rules or expectations that are socially enforced.
6. Define as conduct that distinguishes between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION
A review of related literature is a comprehensive summary of an existing literary work
related to the topic research. In this section of research, you explain about information,
analysis, and findings from existing literature significant to your topic. If in case there are

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UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTRAY LEARNING MATERIALS
GRADE 12 - INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATION AND IMMERSION
differences or unlikely ideas in literature you are reviewing in your topic research, you can
also emphasize these in your review, and if possible, discourse these gaps or resolve these
differences through your study by providing a potential solutions.
A good literature review isn’t just about summarizing sources of information – it
analyses, synthesizes, and critically weighs to provide better understanding of the state of
knowledge on the topic matter. It delivers an overview of existing knowledge, allowing you to
identify relevant theories, methods, and gaps in the present research. Writing a literature
review involves finding significant publications (such as books, journals, and articles),
critically analyzing them, and explaining what have you found (McCombes ,2019).
Structure of Literature Review
Here are the basic structures that a literature review must contain .An introduction
part; the main body containing the discussion of existing literature; and, finally, a conclusion
and recommendations part to the end of literary review. The following provides a brief
description of the content of each part:
1. Introduction
It provides a short rationale for the literature review topic, such as the central
theme or structural pattern of the said literature.
2. Main Body
This part presents your discussion about information, analysis, and findings from
existing literature related to your topic.
3. Conclusions/Recommendations
This part provides your conclusion from the literature review and provides
possible directions where your study would result.
ACTIVITY 1: Steps in Writing Review of Related Literature
Directions: Arrange the following steps in writing a review of related literature in its correct
sequence.1 as being the first step, and 8 as the last. Place your answer on the space
provided in each phase.

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UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTRAY LEARNING MATERIALS
GRADE 12 - INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATION AND IMMERSION

Guide Question
Why do researchers need to follow certain steps in writing literature review?

ACTIVITY 2: Let’s Practice! Writing Literature Review

Directions: Carefully read the sample literature below. On a separate sheet of paper, write a
brief review about it. Include all of the themes and follow the steps and structures
(Introduction, Main Body, and Conclusion/Recommendation) in writing a literature
review.
Skipping Breakfast of High School Students (Bacsal, et al., 2015)
Breakfast is often called the most important meal of the day (Henager, 2010). Eating
breakfast allows one’s body to start the day off right. With the right nutrients, your breakfast
can be a great way to function properly. It is true that many students are coming to schools
without eating breakfast for various reasons or students are making poor nutritional choices at
breakfast times for many reasons including: not enough time in the morning, eating habits,
and food preferences. According to Baley (2003), any of these can lead to a lack of
concentration at school or throughout the day or even weight issues in the future. Poor
breakfast choices can be blamed on education, historical developments, and income and
social determinants. In addition, children who skip meals barely meet the required dietary
intake. This results to lethargy and difficulty in doing mental tasks (Bailey and Earl, 1993).

Rubric
15 pts- Complete Literature Review – Students were able to review literature using
standard structures, complete themes, and in a clear and consistent manner.
10 pts – Substantial Literature Review – Students were able to review literature using
standard structures in somewhat consistent manner.
5 pts.- Partial Literature Review – Students have a pronounced difficulty or were barely
able to review literature using standard structures.

REMEMBER
The knowledge and efficiency to review and write significant literature is a
fundamental skill in academic field specially in conducting research. Here are the four
importance of literature review (www.math.montana.edu).
1. It describes how the proposed research is related to prior research in statistics.
2. It shows the originality and relevance of your research problem. Specifically, your
research is different from other statisticians.
3. It justifies your proposed methodology.
4. It demonstrates your preparedness to complete the research.

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UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTRAY LEARNING MATERIALS
GRADE 12 - INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATION AND IMMERSION

HECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING TAKE A LEAP!

Direction: Briefly explain the question below according to how you understood the lesson.
Write your answers on the space provided.

Why it is important to include a literature review in doing a research?

POSTTEST:
Directions: Read the questions carefully and encircle the letter of the best answer.
1. Which of the following is done after formulating an outline where you begin to write a
draft that involves tightening up and improving the flow of literature review?
a. outline b. recap c. synthesis d. write-up
2. When you finished your paper review, have it read by others who are qualified (expert in
the field) for further improvements. Recall and incorporate their corrections and
suggestions for the betterment of your study. Which of the process is being described in
writing literature review?
a. recap b. research c. synthesis d. write-up
3. Which of the following should be done in order to plan and structure the ideas from your
different sources for you to begin writing you literary draft?
a. digest b. outline c. synthesis d. write-up
4. Which of the following best explains why does researcher conduct a literature review?
a. they are compensated for dong it
b. they asked to comply by other researchers
c. to equipped them with information relevant to their topic
d. to replicate and copy present literature related to their study
5. All of the following explains the importance of literature review except?
a. It justifies your proposed methodology.
b. It demonstrates your preparedness to complete the research.
c. It shows the originality and relevance of your research problem.
d. It describes how the proposed research is insignificant to prior research in statistics.
REFERENCES

Bacsal et al.(2015).Skipping breakfast of high school students. Retrieved from

https://www.coursehero.com
Harvey L.(2020).Research fraud: a long-term problem exacerbated by the clamour
for research grants. Retrieved from https:// www.tandfonline.com/doi
McCombes S.(2020).How to write a literature review. Retrieved from
https://www.scribbr.com/dissertation/literature-review
Math Montana Edu.(n.d).Importance literature review. Department of Mathematical
Sciences, Montana State University. Retrieve from
https://www.math.montana.edu/jobo/phdprep/documents/phd6.pdf
Monash Edu.(2020).Importance of literature review. Retrieved from
https://www.monash.edu/rlo/ graduate-research-writing
Resnik D.(2020).Research resource and ethics in literature review. Retrieved from
https://www.niehs.nih

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UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTRAY LEARNING MATERIALS
GRADE 12 - INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATION AND IMMERSION

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