Automation Testing

Introduction to API Testing

 A Day in the Life of an Automation Testing Engineer

John works at SunPro Infosystems as an Automation Testing Engineer

and is familiar with functional testing of the company's systems. He is
now assigned to test the APIs of the new application in development.

After completing this session, John will be able to use Postman to set
up, configure, and test APIs.
 Learning Objectives

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

Identify API Testing

List various tools used for API Testing

Explain the use of Postman

State Postman GUI

List the steps to create different API requests in Postman

Explain how SOAP works with Postman

What Is API Testing?
 What Is API Testing?

API stands for Application Programming Interface.

API is the middle layer between the application and the database.

Application API Request Database API Request

API testing evaluates the APIs for security, reliability, and accuracy.
 What Is API Testing?

A data layer, a service layer (the API layer), and a presentation layer (user interface layer) are
the three layers that most applications contain.

API testing examines the business logic and the security of the application and data replies.

The API layer contains the application's business logic. More precisely, it describes how users
can interact with the app's services, functions, and data.

An API test is typically carried out by sending requests to one or more API endpoints and
comparing the results to what is expected.
 How to Approach API Testing?

API testing should start with a clearly defined program scope and a thorough understanding
of how the API performs.

The following are some questions that testers should think about:

• What testing endpoints are available?

• What are the anticipated response codes for successful requests?

• What are the response codes for unsuccessful requests?

• What error message pops up in the body of a failed request?

Types of API Testing
 Types of API Testing

Users can perform several API tests to confirm that the API is functioning correctly. These
tests range from broad to detailed examination of the software.

Validation Testing

Functional Testing

Security Testing
Here are some
instances of Penetration Testing
these API tests:
Load Testing

Reliability Testing

Fuzz Testing
 Validation Testing

Validation testing consists of a few simple queries covering the project's entirety.

• Was the right product • Is the correct data • Is this API the most
created? accessed the way it efficient and precise
should be? way to complete a
• Is the developed API task?
the best solution for • Is excessive amount of
the problem it is data accessed? • Is it possible to change
attempting to solve? or remove any
• Is the data stored codebase to improve
• Was there any severe correctly through the overall service and
code bloat throughout API after considering eliminate
development that the data set's specific impairments?
would make the API integrity and
unsustainable? confidentiality needs?
 Functional Testing and Load Testing

Functional Testing Load Testing

Functional testing guarantees that the API does Load testing is a technique for determining how
what it is designed to do. many requests an API can handle.

This test examines certain functions in the This test is frequently carried out after a specific
codebase to ensure that the API operates unit, or the entire codebase has been
within its expected parameters and can handle completed to see if the theoretical answer can
errors if the results fall outside of those also operate as a practical solution when
parameters. working under a specified load.
 Reliability Testing and Security Testing

Reliability Testing Security Testing

Reliability testing guarantees that the API In the more extensive security auditing process,
produces consistent results and maintains a security testing is frequently lumped in with
constant connection between platforms. penetration and fuzz testing.

Security testing combines penetration and fuzz

testing elements, as well as attempts to check
the API's encryption mechanisms and access
control design.

The validation of permission checks for

resource access and user rights management
is part of security testing.
 Penetration Testing and Fuzz Testing

Penetration Testing Fuzz Testing

Penetration testing is a step forward from Fuzz testing involves forcing large amounts of
security testing. random data into a system, often known as
noise or fuzz, to induce undesired behavior
An individual with insufficient knowledge of the such as a caused crash or overflow.
API attacks the API in this test. It allows testers
to look at the attack vector from a different
angle. Penetration testing attacks might be
limited to certain aspects of the API, or they can
target the API as a whole.
API Testing Best Practices
 Best Practices of API Testing

Group test cases into Sequence calls according

categories while defining to a well-thought-out
them strategy

Include the parameters Run the tests until a failure

chosen in the test case output is obtained
Best
Practices
Create test cases for each Conduct API load tests to
API input combination for test the stress on the
test coverage system

Reuse and repeat test

Note regular and irregular
cases to monitor the API
activities during API testing
during production
Combine manual and automated
testing to achieve reliable findings
Rest and Soap API
 What Is REST and SOAP API?

REpresentational State Transfer (REST) and Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)
are different types of API architecture. Both the APIs serve different purposes.

REST requests are written in JSON, whereas SOAP requests are in XML.
API Testing Tools
Postman
 What Is Postman?

Postman is a tool used to build and test APIs. It simplifies each step of the API lifecycle
and streamlines collaboration so that users can create efficient APIs faster.
 Why Use Postman?

Postman is a comprehensive tool for working with APIs.

It is an HTTP client that uses a graphical user interface to
test HTTP queries, allowing users to get various forms of
responses that need to be validated.
 Why Use Postman?

Intelligence
Improves API operations Workspaces
by leveraging advanced Organizes API work
features, such as search, and collaborates
notifications, warnings, with teammates or
and so on stakeholders worldwide

API Repository API Tools

Easily stores, iterates, and Contains a comprehensive
collaborates API artifacts set of tools to speed-up
on one central platform API lifecycle
Understanding Postman GUI
Understand Postman GUI: Project Explorer

Element Use

New Creates a new request, collection, or environment

• Imports from a file, folder, or link and paste the raw data
Import
• Brings a 'collection' or an 'environment' into the program

Runner Uses Collection Runner to run automation tests

History Displays API requests sent in the past

• Creates Collections to organize a test suite

• Creates subfolders for Collections
Collections
• Accommodates many requests in each collection
• Duplicates a request or a folder
Understand Postman GUI: Editor

Element Use

HTTP
Lists menu for different requests,
request
such as Get, POST, and so on
option

Enter
Allows users to enter the endpoints
request
(URL)
URL
Allows users to enter key values that
Params
an API needs
Allows users to enter request
Header
headers
Allows users to add details
Body
in a request
Allows users to save changes
Save
to a request
Basics Before Creating the First API Request
 Basics Before Creating the First API Request

Here are some basic terms to know before hitting the first API:

Term Meaning

Application Programming Interface (API) is a software middleman that allows two

API applications to communicate with one another. Users can utilize an API every time they use
an app like Facebook, send an instant message, or check the weather on their phone.

When users send a command, the server accepts it and reciprocates with some information.
Request
This command is known as a request.

Response A response is a message that a client sends to the server in response to a user’s request.
 Basics Before Creating the First API Request

Why do we need API? Why do we need Postman?

A mobile phone application connects Postman is an API client for

to the Internet and sends data to a developers that makes it simple to
server when users use it. The server create, share, test, and document
then retrieves the data, interprets it, APIs. To do this, users can construct
and delivers it back to their phone and save simple and sophisticated
with the relevant actions. The HTTP/s queries and view their
software then analyzes the data and responses. As a result, work is more
displays the information they had efficient and less tiresome.
requested legibly. All this happens
through API.
Get, POST and Parameterized Request
 Get, POST, and Parameterized Requests

A GET Request A POST Request

A GET request retrieves the POST is an HTTP method

required information from like GET. When users submit
the server and does not a POST request, the server
alter the data on the server. updates, removes, or inserts
data.
 Get, POST, and Parameterized Requests

Users can parameterize the GET and POST requests by adding data in the request body or the URL.
There are two types of parameters:

Types Description Example

Query They are appended to the end of the request URL. After the '?' syntax, they
?id=1&type=new
parameters are listed as key-value pairs separated by the '&' syntax.

Path
They are placeholders in the request URL before the colon ':'. /customer/:id
parameters
How SOAP Works with Postman?
 SOAP

Simple Object Access Protocol, or SOAP is a messaging protocol for computer communication
based on XML.

Few noteworthy points:

1. It extends HTTP for XML Messaging

2. It is language & platform independent
3. A message can be broadcast using SOAP
4. Other frameworks, such as CORBA, DCOM, and Java RMI, offer comparable
features to SOAP, but since SOAP messages are exclusively expressed in
XML, they are completely platform- and language-independent
 Key Takeaways

Postman is an all-in-one API development platform with a

variety of built-in features.

Postman uses GUI to test HTTP queries.

GET and POST are the most commonly used HTTP methods.

Query parameter and path parameter are the two types of

parameterized requests.

REST and SOAP are two different types of API architecture.