Activity-No 1

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MAYNILA
(University of the City of Manila)

Intramuros, Manila
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND ORGANIZATION

Activity No. 1
Review of Technologies
Score
Submitted by:
Jao, Steven Rey C.
<10:00 AM – 1:00 PM> / <CPE 0323-1 - 20232>
Date Submitted
18-02-2024
Submitted to:
Engr. Maria Rizette H. Sayo

Instruction:
A. Define and discuss the following terminologies related to computer studies:
1. Computer architecture
-The hardware components inside the computer, which is composed of a CPU,
memory, storage, etc. Computer architecture also tackles the way those
components are placed, the dataflow, and control unit design. A good computer
architecture must optimize the 3 mentioned for efficiency in processing data.
2. Computer organization
-Alternatively tackles the way computer architecture is physically implemented as
well as the connection between its components e.g. the bus structure, memory
hierarchy, and I/O systems.
3. Von Neuman Architecture

-Is composed of a memory being shared by various programs and data, a bus to
access the memory, an arithmetic unit, and a program control unit. Using Von
Neuman architecture is said to be serious in operating the fetching and executing
cycles.
4. Microarchitecture
-Refers to one particular way registers, arithmetic logic units, finite state
machines, memories, and other logic building blocks are placed which depends
on the computer architecture needed to be implemented.
5. ISA
-An ISA is a component of a computer’s abstract model that determines how the
software controls the CPU. It serves as an intermediary between the hardware
and the software defining the processor’s specifications. The ISA can be
accessed through a programmer’s manual which is connected to the assembly
language and app programmer, and the compiler writer.
6. Assembler
-A computer software responsible for converting a code written in assembly
language to machine language that a computer can understand example being
the binary system. An assembler can also be called an assembly language
compiler.
7. Compiler
-A feature of Integrated Development Environments (IDE) that translates high-
level programming languages such as C++ or Java into machine language,
bytecode, or another high-level programming language.
8. Memory Unit
-A temporary storage device smaller than the actual storage that stores the data
of software such as code written in C++, docx files, or png files. There are 2
types of memory units: volatile, which deletes data when the computer is
terminated, and non-volatile which does not.
9. I/O System
-I/O, short for input/output, is how computers interact with humans. Input devices
are what humans use to communicate with the computer examples being
keyboards to type symbols, mouses to click options, and speakers to give audio
signals. Output devices are what computers use to communicate with humans
such as the monitor for display and the sound system for sound feedback.
10. Register
-Another type of storage in the computer that can store any type of data and
process at high speeds. To build a basic computer architecture, 8 of these
registers and 1 memory unit must be present and well-connected. Some
examples of registers include input registers, output registers, and data registers.
Computer Architecture and Organization Page 2 PLM_CpE

B. Cite your References below.
• GfG. (2023, May 11). Differences between Computer Architecture and Computer
Organization. GeeksforGeeks. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/differences-between-
computer-architecture-and-computer-organization/
• Rosenberg, J. (2017). Security in embedded systems**Please visit the companion website
http://booksite.elsevier.com/9780128024591 for part two of this chapter which covers the
following topics in detail: Important Security Concepts, Security And Network
Architecture, Software Vulnerability And Cyber Attacks, Security And Operating System
Architecture. In Elsevier eBooks (pp. 149–205). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-
802459-1.00006-3
• Jówiak, L., Nedjah, N., & Figueroa, M. (2010). Modern development methods and tools
for embedded reconfigurable systems: A survey. Integration, 43(1), 1–33.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vlsi.2009.06.002
• Arm Ltd. (n.d.). What is Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)? Arm | the Architecture for the
Digital World. https://www.arm.com/glossary/isa
• What is an Assembler? Assembly Language , Types, Differences. (2021, May 20). Toppr-
guides. https://www.toppr.com/guides/computer-science/computer-fundamentals/system-
software/assembler/#:~:text=The%20Assembler%20is%20a%20Software,assembler%20la
nguage%20or%20assembly%20language.
• Sheldon, R. (2022, April 29). compiler. WhatIs.
https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/compiler#:~:text=A%20compiler%20is%20a
%20special,as%20Java%20or%20C%2B%2B.
• What is a Memory Unit. (2022, July 21). Unacademy.
https://unacademy.com/content/question-answer/gk/what-is-a-memory-
unit/#:~:text=Answer%3A%20A%20memory%20unit%20is,%3A%20volatile%20and%20
non%2Dvolatile.
• Input/output device. (2023, September 12).
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/iodevice.htm
• Coding Ninjas. (n.d.). Coding Ninjas Studio.
https://www.codingninjas.com/studio/library/computer-registers
Computer Architecture and Organization Page 3 PLM_CpE

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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MAYNILA

(University of the City of Manila)

COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND ORGANIZATION

Engr. Maria Rizette H. Sayo

A. Define and discuss the following terminologies related to computer studies:

3. Von Neuman Architecture

Computer Architecture and Organization Page 2 PLM_CpE

Computer Architecture and Organization Page 3 PLM_CpE

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