COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT

HND ICT 2

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

ASSIGNMENT

NAME: SARPONG RICHARD

INDEX NUMBER: 06201219

Q 1. IDENTIFY AND EXPLAIN THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF FIVE ORACEL

DATABASE USER.
Database Administrators

Each database requires at least one database administrator (DBA) to administer it.
Because an Oracle database system can be large and can have many users, often
this is not a one-person job. In such cases, there is a group of DBAs who share
responsibility.

Security Officers

In some cases, a site assigns one or more security officers to a database. A security
officer enrolls users, controls and monitors user access to the database, and
maintains system security. As a DBA, you might not be responsible for these
duties if your site has a separate security officer.

Network Administrators

Some sites have one or more network administrators. A network administrator can
administer Oracle networking products, such as Oracle Net.

Application Developers

Application developers design and implement database applications.

Application Administrators

An Oracle site can assign one or more application administrators to administrate a

particular application. Each application can have its own administrator.
Q 2. OUTLINE AND DISCUSS THE TASK OF ORACEL DATABASE
ADMINISTRATOR IN A PRIOTIZED APPROACH FOR DESIGNING,
IMPLEMENTING AND MAINTAINING AN ORACLE DATABASE.
Task 1: Evaluate the Database Server Hardware

Evaluate how Oracle and its applications can best use the available computer
resources. This evaluation should reveal the following information:

1.How many disk drives are available to Oracle and its databases.
2.How many, if any, dedicated tape drives are available to Oracle and its databases.
3.How much memory is available to the instances of Oracle you will run (see your
system's configuration documentation).

Task 2: Install the Oracle Software

As the database administrator, you install the Oracle database server software and
any front-end tools and database applications that access the database. In some
distributed processing installations, the database is controlled by a central
computer and the database tools and applications are executed on remote
computers. In this case, you must also install the Oracle Net drivers necessary to
connect the remote machines to the computer that executes Oracle.

Task 3: Plan the Database

As the database administrator, you must plan:

1.The logical storage structure of the database.
2.The overall database design.
3.A backup strategy for the database.
It is important to plan how the logical storage structure of the database will affect
system performance and various database management operations. For example,
before creating any table spaces for your database, you should know how many
data files will make up the table space, what type of information will be stored in
each table space, and on which disk drives the data files will be physically stored.
When planning the overall logical storage of the database structure, take into
account the effects that this structure will have when the database is actually
created and running. Such considerations include how the logical storage structure
database will affect the following:
1.The performance of the computer executing Oracle
2.The performance of the database during data access operations.
3.The efficiency of backup and recovery procedures for the database.
Plan the relational design of the database objects and the storage characteristics for
each of these objects. By planning the relationship between each object and its
physical storage before creating it, you can directly affect the performance of the
database as a unit. Be sure to plan for the growth of the database.
In distributed database environments, this planning stage is extremely important.
The physical location of frequently accessed data dramatically affects application
performance.
During the planning stage, develop a backup strategy for the database. You can
alter the logical storage structure or design of the database to improve backup
efficiency.
It is beyond the scope of this book to discuss relational and distributed database
design. If you are not familiar with such design issues, refer to accepted industry-
standard documentation.

Task 4: Create and Open the Database

When you complete the database design, you can create the database and open it
for normal use. You can create a database at installation time, using the Oracle
Database Configuration Assistant, or you can supply your own scripts for creating
a database.

Task 5: Back Up the Database

After you create the database structure, carry out the backup strategy you planned
for the database. Create any additional redo log files, take the first full database
backup (online or offline), and schedule future database backups at regular
intervals.

Task 6: Enroll System Users

After you back up the database structure, you can enroll the users of the database in
accordance with your Oracle license agreement, create appropriate roles for these
users, and grant these roles.

Task 7: Implement the Database Design

After you create and start the database, and enroll the system users, you can
implement the planned logical structure database by creating all necessary
tablespaces. When you complete this, you can create the objects for the database.

Task 8: Back Up the Fully Functional Database

Now that the database is fully implemented, again back up the database. In
addition to regularly scheduled backups, you should always back up your database
immediately after implementing changes to the database structure.

Task 9: Tune Database Performance

Optimizing the performance of the database is one of your ongoing responsibilities

as a DBA. Additionally, Oracle provides a database resource management feature
that enables you to control the allocation of resources to various user groups.

Q.3 WHAT DOES THE ORACLE DATABASE SERVER RELEASE 12.0.0.1.1

NOMENCLATURE MEANS?

This chapter contains descriptions of all of the features that are new to Oracle
Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.1). This chapter contains the following sections:
1.Application Development
2.Business Intelligence and Data Warehousing
3.Compression and Archiving
4.Database Overall
5.High Availability
6.Manageability
7.Performance
8.Oracle RAC and Grid Infrastructure
9.Security
10.Spatial and Graph
11.Unstructured Data
12.Upgrades
13.Windows

Q 4. IDENTIFY FIVE BACKGROUND PROCESSES AND STATE THEIR

FUNCTIONS IN THE RUNNING OF ORACLE DATABASE PROCESSES.

STATE FUNCTION
Archiver processes(ARCn) Which copy completed redo log files to
a separate disk location.

Log Writer Process(LGWR) Is responsible for writing to, and

managing, the redo logs.

Database Writer processes(DBWn) They write the changed data blocks

from the SGA cache to the data files.
Process Monitor(PMON) Is a cleans up failed user processes and
their resources.

System Monitor(SMON) Among other things, performs instance

recovery, cleans up the database
transactions, and tidies up space
utilization.