Lesson 21 - Solving Exponential Equation and Inequalities

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Solving
Logarithmic
Equations and
Inequalities
Lesson 2
OBJECTIVES
1. solves logarithmic
equations and
inequalities.
LOGARITHMIC
FUNCTION
Logarithmic functions are the inverses of
exponential functions, and any exponential
function can be expressed in logarithmic
form. Similarly, all logarithmic functions
can be rewritten in exponential form.
A logarithmic function is a function

of the form
LOGARITHMIC
FUNCTION
In both forms, 𝒙 > 𝟎 and 𝒃 > 𝟎, 𝒃 ≠ 𝟏.

There are no restrictions on y.
BASIC
PROPERTIES
AND LAWS OF
LOGARITHMS
Basic Properties and Laws Of Logarithms
Let b, x and y be real numbers such
that 𝒃 > 𝟎 and 𝒃 ≠ 𝟏, the basic
properties and laws of logarithms
are as follows:
Let b, x and y be real numbers such
that 𝒃 > 𝟎 and 𝒃 ≠ 𝟏, the basic
properties and laws of logarithms
are as follows:
8
Solving
Logarithmic
Equations
✓ If 𝒃 > 𝟎, then the logarithmic

function 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃 𝒙 is increasing
for all 𝒙.
✓ If 𝟎 < 𝒃 < 𝟏, then the logarithmic
function 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃 𝒙 is decreasing
for all 𝒙.
✓ This means that 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃 𝒖 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃 𝒖 if and
only if 𝒖 = 𝒗.(one-to-one property)
How To Solve
Logarithmic Equations
Here are some techniques or strategies
in solving the logarithmic equation.
1. Rewriting to exponential form.
2. Using logarithmic properties.
3. Applying the one–to–one property of
logarithmic functions.
4. The Zero Factor Property: If ab = 0, then
a = 0 or b = 0.
5. Take into consideration the domain of
logarithmic expression.
EXAMPLE:
𝐥𝐨𝐠 4 2𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 4 10
Apply the property: 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑦, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑦
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟒 𝟐𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟒 𝟏𝟎 Since the bases are equal,
𝟐𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎 then 𝒙 = 𝒚
Solve for the equation.
𝟐𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟐𝒙 𝟏𝟎
=
𝟐 𝟐 For checking, substitute the value
𝒙=𝟓 of 𝑥 = 5 in the original equation.
EXAMPLE:
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 𝒙 + 𝟏 − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟐
𝑥
Apply the property:𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑦
𝑦
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 𝒙 + 𝟏 − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟐
𝒙+𝟏
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 =𝟐
𝒙−𝟏
Transform the equation to exponential form.
𝒙+𝟏 𝒙+𝟏 𝟐
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 =𝟐→ =𝟓
𝒙−𝟏 𝒙−𝟏
Solve for the equation. 𝒙+𝟏 𝟐

=𝟓
𝒙−𝟏
EXAMPLE:
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 𝒙 + 𝟏 − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟐
𝒙+𝟏 𝟐
=𝟓 Solve for the equation.
𝒙−𝟏
𝒙+𝟏
= 𝟐𝟓
𝒙−𝟏
𝟐𝟓 𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝒙 + 𝟏 Product by Cross multiplication
𝟐𝟓𝒙 − 𝟐𝟓 = 𝒙 + 𝟏 Distributive Property
𝟐𝟓𝒙 − 𝒙 = 𝟏 + 𝟐𝟓 Addition Property of Equality
𝟐𝟒𝒙 = 𝟐𝟔 Multiplication Property of Equality
𝟐𝟔 𝟏𝟑 For checking, substitute the value of 𝑥 =
𝟏𝟑
𝒙= = 𝟏𝟐
𝟐𝟒 𝟏𝟐 in the original equation.
EXAMPLE:
𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒)
Apply the property: 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑦
𝟐 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟐 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒)
𝟐
𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟐(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒)
Transform the equation to exponential form.
𝟐
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒) Since the bases are equal,
𝟐
𝒙 = 𝟐(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒) then 𝒙 = 𝒚
Solve the equation 𝟐

𝒙 = 𝟐(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒)
EXAMPLE:
𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒)
Solve the equation 𝟐
𝒙 = 𝟐(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒)
𝟐
𝒙 = 𝟐 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒
𝟐
𝒙 = 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟖
𝟐
𝒙 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟖 = 𝟎
By Factoring
𝒙−𝟒 𝒙−𝟐 =𝟎
Using the Zero Property of Equality
𝒙−𝟒=𝟎 𝒙−𝟐=𝟎 For checking, substitute the value of
𝒙=𝟒 𝒙=𝟐 𝑥 = 𝟒 and 𝑥 = 𝟐 in the original equation.
Modular Distance
Learning
ACTIVITY 3
Solve the given
logarithmic equations by
applying the properties
and laws of logarithm.
Modular Distance
Learning
ACTIVITY 3
Solve the given logarithmic equations by
applying the properties and laws of
logarithm.
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏
𝟑
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟒 (𝒙 + 𝟑) =
𝟐
Solving
Logarithmic
Inequalities
✓ To solve logarithmic inequalities,
you will use the properties.
Note also that when solving the logarithmic inequalities, we always impose
that 𝒙 > 𝟎 and 𝒚 > 𝟎 because logarithm, is defined for positive number only.
1. EXAMPLE:
Since 𝒙 > 𝟎,
then 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏 > 𝟎
3𝑥 − 1 > 0
3𝑥 > 1
3𝑥 1
>
3 3
1 𝟏 1
𝑥> 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, the solution set is < 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐, or ( , 3]
3 𝟑 3
2. EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:
ACTIVITY 4
Solve the given
logarithmic inequalities
by applying the properties
and laws of logarithm.
ACTIVITY 4
Solve the given logarithmic equations by
applying the properties and laws of
logarithm.
log 2 (2𝑥 + 1) < 3

log 3 𝑥 − log 3 6 ≥ 2
log 1 (2𝑥) ≥ log 1 (6𝑥 − 8)
2 2
Thank you!

Lesson 21 - Solving Exponential Equation and Inequalities

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Lesson 21 - Solving Exponential Equation and Inequalities

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GENERAL MATHEMATICS

A logarithmic function is a function

In both forms, 𝒙 > 𝟎 and 𝒃 > 𝟎, 𝒃 ≠ 𝟏.

✓ If 𝒃 > 𝟎, then the logarithmic

Solve for the equation. 𝒙+𝟏 𝟐

Solve the equation 𝟐

log 2 (2𝑥 + 1) < 3

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