2011

Reasons for high food inflation

Visit of foreign nationals during CWG led to exports
Fiscal stimulus definition
Methods to reduce current account deficit
Base effect - Imapact of price levels of previous year on the calculation of inflation rate
Value added tax - State subject, gst replace most of VAT but not all
Closed economy - Neither import nor export
FII and FDI difference
Microfinance meaning: Services rendered to
Teaser loans : given to subprime lenders at low interest rates
GDP growth rate and per capita income growth rate trend
Commercial banks have highest share in the disbusement of credit to agriculture and allied activities
How objectives of inclusive growth be attained: Promoting SHGs, MSMEs, etc
Disinvestment of CPSEs reason
Inflation, deflation, stagflation, hyperinflation
Lowering of bank rate by RBI leads to more liquidity in the market
2012
IIP and eight core industries sectors
RBI as bankers bank
Capital gains: Increase in value of property owned, Increase in value painting owned
Increase in money supply
FDI examples
Price of any currency in international market is decided by: demand of goods, stability of gov
Aim of lead bank scheme: individual banks adopting districts for intensive development
2013
BOP definition
RBI regulates commercial banks in: liquidity of assets, branch expansion, merger, winding up
Increase in bank rate
Deficit financing is used for raising resources for economic development
Capital account constitutes
Inflation benefits debtors but not bond holders
Disguised unemployment
Decreasing order of liquidity
Open market operations
PSL by banks includes
Causes for rise in general level of prices
Items included in Foreign exchange reserves
Printing money is most inflationary
Supply of money same but increase in demand of money will lead to rise in interest rate
Economic growth will definitely occur if there is capital formation
National income of a country for given period is money value of final goods and services produces
RRBs, LDB and not nabard provide credit assistance to rural households
2014
Sales tax on toothpaste is imposed and collected by state gov
Venture capital
Main objective of 5 year plan - faster, sutainable and more inclusive growth
With reference of BOP, ehat comes under current account - Balance of trade, blance of invisibles----------- Foreign assets come under capital account, SDR
MSFR and NDTL
Benefits of banking correspondent (bank saathi)
Statutory reserve requirement - enables the central bank to control the amount of advances the bank can create
If interest rate is decreased then investment expenditure in the economy will increase
Non plan expenditure https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-union-budget-which-of-the-follo--5f4cd65639cb927287909962
2015
Decrease in tax/GDP ratio indicated slow economic growth rate
Index of 8 core industries - Refinary>electricity>steel>coal>crude oil>natural gas>cement>fertilizer
Statutory liquidity ratio decreased then banks may cut their lending rates
Consumer price index for industrial workers by The labour bureau
Covertibility of rupee implies freely permitting the conversion of rupee to other currencies and vice versa
Basel III related to banking
Growth rate of gross real gdp and gdp at market price have not grown steadilt in last decade
Components of monetary policy - RR, CRR, Bank rate, Open market operations, RRR, SLR
Decreased money circulation helps in controlling inflation
Problem of international liquidity is related to non-availability of dollars and other hard currencies
Actions taken to reduce budget deficit - Reducing revenue expenditure, rationalising subsidies
2016
IFC masal bonds - by international finance corporation (world bank), rupee denominated bond, source of debt financing
Capital budget = capital receipt and capital expenditure, capital budget includes expenditure on assets--borrowings--loans and advances to states n union terittories
Sovereign gold bond scheme and gold monetisation scheme by RBI - bring idle golds to economy, reduce india's dependence on gold imports
Actions taken to reduce budget deficit - Reducing revenue expenditure, rationalising subsidies
Payment banks - characteristics
IMF SDR currencies - US dollar, euro, yuan/renmimbi, japanese yen, british pound
International monetary and financial committee - advises IMF, world bank participates as observer
Import cover - number of month of import that could be paid for by country's international reserve
Core banking solutions: Networking of bank's branches which enables customer to operate their account from any branch of the banks
Marginal cost of funds based lending rate: helps improve transparency of methodolgy of determining interest rates, helps ensure availability of bank credit at fair interest rates
Financial stability and development coucil: Headed by finance minister, monitors macroprudential supervision of economy
Base erosion and profit shifting: curbing of tax evasion by MNCs
2017
Monetary policy committee - 6 member body, RBI governor chairman, once every 6 months
Small finance bank purpose: to supply credit to small business unit and marginal farmers
Scheme for sustainable structuring of stressed assets: Scheme of RBI for reworking the financial structure of big corporate entities
After liberlisation of economic policies in 1991: export increased, FDI increased, foreign exchange reserve increased enormously
Advanteages of GST: Will replace multiple taxes, will not drastically reduce GST
Broad based trade and investment agreement: EU
India ratified trade facilitation agreement of WTO, TFA part of WTO's Bali ministerial package of 2013, TFA came in force in Feb 2017
Tax revenue as percent of gdp has not increased steadily, Fiscal deficit as percent of gdp has not incraesed steadily
2018
Merchant discount rate: charge to a merchant by a bank for accepting payments for using their debit card
Equalization tax: introduced under separate legislation under finance bill, can not claim tax credit
FRBM recommended 60% debt to GDP (40% centre+20% states), center gov domestic liabilities 46% and state 23%, art 293: state to borrow only from domestic sources
Import of edible oil is more than production in last 5 year, Gov imposes custom duty on import of edible oils
NPCI links all ATMs in India
Capital adequacy ratio decided by central bank: https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statements1-capital-ade--5f354643761c1c0d0e408cf7#:~:text=Capital%20Adequacy%20Ratio%20(CAR)%20is,holde
ASEAN have FTA with Australia, China, India, Japan, Korea and New Zealand
Legal tender money: Money which a creditor is under compulsion to accept in settlement of his claims
Commodity provided free to the public: oppurtunity cost transferred from consumers to tax paying public
Increase in absolute and per capita rel GDP do not connote higher level economic dev if poverty and unemployment rise
Human capital formation: Increase in skills, knowledge and accumulation of intangible wealth
High capital ouput ratio may not result in significant increase in output
Treasury bills: issued at discount, issued by GOI not by states,
GST on items: 0% on cereal grains hulled, cooked eggs, newspaper advertisement----5% on processed foods
2019
Official poverty lines vary from state to state bcoz pricel levels vary from state to state
India largest exporter of rice in thw world in lat 5 years
Service area approach: Lead bank scheme
India's external debt: https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statements1-most-of-ind--5f34dfe52b49030d0924dc5f
Deposits not included in asset of commercial bank
Factors that reduce the risk of currency crisis: Indias IT sector earning in foreign currency, remittances
Participatory notes: Foreign portfolio investors to invest in Indian stock markets without registering
Inter creditor agreement: faster resolution of stressed assets of 50cr and above
Chairman of public sectors bank selected by bank board bureau
Purchase power parity: India 3rd place
RBI takes expansionary monetary policy to stop rupee slide
RBI directive of storage of payment data in India
During economic recession: Gov should incraese its expenditure in public projects
2020
Gold tranche (reserve tranche) refers to credit system granted by IMF
During global financial crisis, policies most likely to give immunity to India: Not depending on short term foreign borrowings https://testbook.com/question-answer/if-another-global-financial-crisis-happens-in-the--5fcc
If u withdraw 1 lakh in cash then there is no change in aggregate money supply in economy
FDI characteristics: non-debt creating capital flow
International trade of India: services, iron, steel, chemical, fetilizers, machinery
Non-financial debts includes: Housing loans, amount outstanding on credit cards, treasury bills
Trade related investment measures: https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-trade-related-investment-measure--5fca0c173c1df4c452ec9b4f
If RBI decides to adopt an expansionist policy then what not to do: Increase marginal standing facility rate
Indian economy after 1991 economic liberelization:
https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-the-indian-economy-after-the-199--5fca0d7e77637ff388ff316f
Scheduled commercial banks credit more than district central cooperative bank
Interest coverage ratio: understands the present and energing risk of a firm, higher ICR better its ability to service its debt
India-Srilanka, India - Bngaldesh and India - nepal trade
G20 members
WPI and CPI
Commercial paper is short term unsecured promissory note, Certificate of deposit is short term instrument, Call money is short term, Zero coupon bonds are not interest bearing
2021
RBI governor appointed by Central gov, Gov of RBI draws power from RBI act
During economic recession: Gov should incraese its expenditure in public projects
Market demand for a good might increase if price of its sabstitute increases, its price falls
Urban cooperative bank: Registered under cooperative societies act 1912, regulated by RBI under banking regulation act 1949 and banking laws act 1965 https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-
Bond yields are influenced by actions of US fed reserve, actions of RBI, Infaltion and short term interest rate
FDI: Foreign currency convertible bonds, FII with certain conditions, Global depository reciepts
Effect of devaluation of currency: is that it necessarily improves the competitiveness of the domestic exports in foriegn market, import expensive, higher inflation
Black money leads to loss of revenue to the state exchequer due to tax evasion
Creation of new money to finance a budget deficit is more inflationary
Money multiplier increases if banking habit of population increases
Demand pull inflation caused by: depriciation of rupee, low unemployment rate, increased borrowing, expansionary policies, fiscal stimulus, higher purchasing power
Retail investors through their demat account can invest in treasury bills and debt bond in primary and secondary market
https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-india-consider-the-following-st--6162b9b7d9f68e7b4
Rbi lender of last resort: providing liquidity to banks having a temporary crisis
2022
Rapid Financing Instrument” and “Rapid Credit Facility” are related to the provisions of lending by which of the following ADB, IMF, UNEP, WB
Difference between NEER and REER
High inflation-RBI likely to sell gov sec, ruppee depreciating - RBI likely to sell dollars, Interest rates in USA falls-RBI likely to buy dollars
G20 common framework launched by G20+Paris club to support low income countries with sustainable debt
Inflation indexed bonds: Protects against inflation, capital gains tax applicable on profits, Coupon rates on its borrowing can be reduced
Foreign owned e-commerce operating in India can not sell their own goods and big sellers have limit of only 20%
Real sector deals with production: ex: Agriculture, textile.... Nominal sector deals with financing: ex: banks, corporate bodies
Indirect transfer: Foreign entities own share or assets in India and shares of such foreign entities are transferred instead of assets
Capital expenditure: Create assets or reduce liabilities hence acuiring new technology, debt financing, equity financing are capex, Revenue expenditure: Salaries, interests, pensions, etc
Household financial saving: Bank deposits, MFs, PFs hence many of these goes towards gov borrowing, Dates securities: forms large component of internal debt
Ayushman bharat digital mission: Features
Tight monetary policy leads to capital flight, Capital flight increases the interest cost for firms with existing ECBs, devluation of currency increases currency risk with high interest cost for borowers
In India credit rating agencies are regulated by SEBI, ICRA is a public ltd company, Brickworks is indian credit rating agency
Bank baord bureau: Chairman appointed by central gov, recommends selection of head for PSBs and helps them to develop strategies and capital raising plans
Convertible bonds: These can be converted from bond to equity hence carries low interest, it provides bondholder a degree of indexation to rising consumer price
RBI responsible for controlling inflation
Labou bureau compile information on industrial disputes, retrenchments and layoffs
 2011
Bhitarkanika NP lies in the esturial region of Brahmani-Baitrani
Earth's atmosphere-ionosphere (radio waves ranges from 1mm to 100 km)
Southeast asia location significance strategically
Look east policy
La Nina and El Nino effect
South east asia maritime history through bay of bengal
Westerlies in southern hemisphere are stronger and more persistent than northern hemisphere
Navigation between India and east asia
Gangetic plain climate and crop production
Resons for formation of african and euraian desert: sub tropical high pressure cells and cold ocean currents
Gujarat: Northern part arid and semi arid, central part produces cotton, cultivation of cash crops predominant over food crops
2012
Arunachal Pradesh geography and climate
Fcators affecting ocean current
Himalayas: youthful river, deep gorges, U-turn river, steep gradient, parallel ranges
Reason for decrease in tempearture with increase in height: Air less dense in upper atmosphere & atmosphere heated upwards only from earth's surface
Polestar direction
Rare earth metals
Tropical savannah region: a definite dry and wet season
2013
Atlas mountain, Abyssinian plateau, Guiana highlands, okavango basin
Narmada rift valley
Fresh water proportion: icecaps and glaciers>groundwater>Ground ice & permafrost>lakes and rivers>soil moisture
Garo hills-Nokrek NP, Loktak lake, Namdapha NP, barail range, Dafla hills
Forces responsible for dynamic changes on surface of earth - Electromagnetic radiation, Gravitational force, etc
Rivers flowing through NP
Warm and cold oceaninc current meet: Fishing ground https://www.google.com/search?q=warm+and+cold+ocean+currents&rlz=1C1CHBF_enIN725IN725&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=2ahUKEwif1f3pjoz3AhVeHrkGHQWuAngQ_AUoAXoEC
Annual range of temperature b/w continents is high when compared to coastal areas: bcoz of thermal difference
Indian coal is high in ash and low in sulphur and high ash fusion temperature of 1500C
Laterite soils
Gondwana is faamous for coal fields, Dharwad has minerals like iron, Mg not petrol, Mica in koderma mines in Jharkhand
Asian steppe climate: Extreme climate, scanty rainfall and nomadic herders
Thunderstorms arise when layers of warm, moist air rise in a large, swift updraft to cooler regions of the atmosphere. Thunder sound is produced when rapid expansion creates sonic sound waves
Dongaria kondh - Odisha, Bonda - Odisha, Karbi - Assam, Tamang and Limboo - sikkim
Industry with max consumer of water: thermal
2014
Andaman and nicobar separated by 10 degree channel
Continental drift and glacial cycles led to the evolution of organisms
Radcliff committee
Gond and korku tribes - MP, https://testbook.com/question-answer/every-year-a-monthlong-ecologically-important-cam--5f4c9f1d799db30d13064a69
Difference between coalbed methane and shale gas https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-two-non-conventional-energy-sour--5f4ca5b09d6fda22aa6e3f7b
Changpa community
Monsoon climate also called seasonal reversal of winds
Lohit, subansiri flows through Arunachal but not Barak
Harike wetlands - beas and sutlej, Koeladeo ghana NP - Gambhir and benganga, Kolleru lake - godavari and krishna
Mikir hills -NE india, Mahadeo hills - Central India, Kaimur hills - East India, cardamom hills - SW india
Turkey is located between Black sea and meditarranean sea
South east asia (north to south) - jakarta>indonesia>bangkok>hanoi
2015
In south atlantic and south east pacific regions in tropical latitudes, cyclones does not originate bcoz inter-tropical convergence zone seldom occurs
Convergence of two equatorial current leads to leads to the eastward flow of equatorial counter current
Srisailam - Nalamalla hills, Omkareshwar - Mandhata hills, Pushkar - Ajmer------------------Mahadeo hills, Satmala hills
Golan heights - Israel
Tributaries of godavari - Indravati, Pranhita but not vamsadhara and pennar
India is a member of East asia summit------------ASEAN, APEC
Mekong Ganga - India + Myanmar + laos + Thailand + Cambodia + Vietnam
Westerlies definition, rain through westerlies in north west region of india
Indian ocean rim association - formed in 1997 for balanced development and sustainable growth
Tides in sea and ocean due to gravitational force of sun and moon, centrifugal force of earth
Indian remote sensing satellites used for all except telocommunications
Tropical wet evergreen forest -Arunachal, Mizoram https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-states1-arunachal-prade--5f48d796839f333108364a2e
Jordan in south west asia does not open to mediterranean sea
Teak is dominant in tropical moist decidous forest
Equatorial region characteristics-----------savannah, monsoon, meditarranean
2016
Red sanders - endemic to south-eastern ghats mostly AP, grow in rocky, degraded & fallow lands with red soils and hot and dry climate, recently moved from near threatned to endangered, schedule II and appendix II
Brahmaputra tributaries - dibang, kameng, lohit
Shale gas are found in combay basin, krishna godavari, cauvery basin
Godavari and Krishna interlinking project
Famous place and their region https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-pairsfamous--5f45246464c70c0d11d705f6
https://www.google.com/search?q=baghelkhand+bundelkhand&rlz=1C1CHBF_enIN725IN725&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=2ahUKEwiKwr-U9ab3AhUWMbkGHU1CA9
https://www.google.com/search?q=bundelkhand&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiP2OyV9ab3AhVjzaACHWsfCFYQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=bundelkhand&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQ
https://www.google.com/search?q=vidarbha&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjY16TN9ab3AhV9_TgGHSBcCTAQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=vidarbha&gs_lcp=C
https://www.google.com/search?q=Malwa&rlz=1C1CHBF_enIN725IN725&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjR2bD99
https://www.google.com/search?q=rayalaseema+in+india&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjmmtyL9qb3AhWl7TgGHee
2017
Chandipur beach is unique in a way that the water recedes up to 5 kilometers during the ebb tide
Teesta - Panhuri glacier origin, rangeet tributary, flows through sikkim & WB then to BOB through Bangladesh
Kohima to kotyyam 7 states
Mediterranean sea bordered by syria, lebanon
Himalaya spread over 13 Indian states, western ghats spred over 6 states, Pulikat lake spread over AP & TN
Indian ocean dipole: B/w east and west Indian ocean, influences el nino impact on monsoon
Importance of chabahar port: India will not depend on Pakistan for access to afghanistan
Sumatra is geographically closest to Nicobar
2018
Aral sea has immensely dried up
Starvation in war torn countries: Yemen & South Sudan
Earth's magnetic field reversed every few hundred 1000 years, when earth was created 4000 mya there was 54% O2 and no CO2,
Barren island: https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statements1-the-barren--5f36b322d334a70d14412052
Catalonia: Spain, Crimea: Russia, Mindano-Philippines, Oromia-Ethiopia
2019
Pandharpur: Chandrabhaga, Tiruchirlapally: Cauvery, Hampi: Tungabhadra
Cirrus clud thinning technique & injection of sulphate aerosol into stratosphere: Creating artificial rains
Chattisgarh>Odisha>M.P>Maharashtra in terms of percentage of forest to total area
Adriatic sea: Albania, Caspian sea: Kazakhstan, Mediterranean sea: Morocco, Black sea and Red sea
Bandarpuch: Yamuna, Bara shingri: Chenab, Siachen: Nubra, Zemu glacier: Teesta, Milam: Goriganga
Coal nationalised by Indira gandhi, coal blocks allocated on lottery basis
2020
Mekong: South China sea, Thames: North sea, Volga: Caspian sea, Zambezi: Indian ocean
Coal ash contains arsenic, lead and mercury: coal fired power plants release SO2, NOx: High ash content in Indian coal
Major minerals in india: Chromite, Kyanite, Silimanite
Ocean mean temeparature: collected during jan-march
Siachin glacier situated to the north of nubra valley
Bhilsa: MP, Girinagar: Gujarat, Sthaneshwar: Haryana, KN
Jet streams occur in both hemisphere, Only some cyclones develop an eye, temperature inside eye is warmer than surrounding
2021
Jhelum, ravi and sutlej pour into Chenab
Didwana, Kuchaman, Sargol and Khatu are saline lakes
Nagavali and subarnarekha rise from eastern ghats
Mineral exploration in international waters: https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statements-1-the-global--6162a3c737b9421f28b0ddea
In tropics western section are more warmer than eastern section due to trade winds, In temperate zone eastern sections are more warmer than western sections due to westerlies
Forest development in savannah are generally checked by fire, seasonal rainfall and grazing herbivores
Fresh water proportion: icecaps and glaciers>groundwater>Ground ice & permafrost>lakes and rivers>soil moisture
Black cotton soil formed due to weathering of fissure volcanic rocks
2022
Anatolia - Turkey, Amhara - Ethiopia, Cabo delgado - Mozambique, Catalonia - Spain
Lake faguibine in west africa became dry and turned into desert
Gandikota canyon of south india creayed by Pennar
Namcha barwa - North east Himalaya, Nanda devi - Kumao himalaya, Nokrek - Meghalaya plateau, Garhwal Himalaya - Uttarakhand
Levant: Region along the the eastern mediterranean shores
Afghanistan bordered by Pakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan
Monazite: Source of rare earth metal, contains thorium, only gov entities can export and process, found in tirunavellii, thotukudi, and kanyakumari
In northern hemisphere, longest day of the month normally occurs in 2nd half of the month of june
H.P, Tripura, Kerala, WB, AS, TN, KR are the major tea producing states as per tea board
Ghatprabha - Belgavi district, Gandhi sagar - Chambal river M.P, Indira sagar - Godavari Andhra, Maithon dam - Jharkhand
Tea board: statutory body, HQ in Kolkata, under ministry of commerce, have offices in london, moscow, dubai
High cloud: are not good at reflecting short waves but are good at blocking long waves, they trap heat and cause warming effect: Low cloud: excellent reflectors, dont stop longwave enrgy to escape hence cool
System of rice intensification: Reduced seed requirement, reduced methane production, reduced electricity consumption
Bidibidi is large refugee settlement in North Uganda, some people who fled south sudan live there, some people who fled from civil war live in Dadaab refugee complex in Kenya
Senkaku island: Maritime dispute between china and Japan
 2011
Land settlement system of lord corwallis 1793: Increased litigation bcoz of removal of court fee, anybody could drag anybody to court, extension to right of appeal
Quit India movement: Non-violent, non-cooperative, led by gandhi, labour class participated
Tribal insurrection in 19th century reason: Complete disruption of the old agragarian order of the tribal communities
Home charges:
Kheda satyagraha reason
Indian parliamentary committee in 1893 was set to agitate for indian political reforms in house of commons
Unto this last' by john ruskin transformed gandhiji as it said the good of individual is contained in the good of all
Usha Mehta
Nehru report recommendtation
Jain philosophy holds that world is created and maintained by universal law
Indus valley civilization: religion and cotton
Difference between dharma and rita
2012
Common b/w budhism and jainism
Nagara, dravida and vesara
Congress ministries resigned in 1939
National social conference formation reason
Parties formed by B.R.Ambedkar: All India scheduled castes federation, The inependent labour party; The peasants and workers party of India by Keshavrao jedhe (MH)
Mahatma gandhi fast unto death in 1932
Ryotwari settlement
Dadabhai naoroji contribution
Dhrupad origin and characteristics: Traces it's origin to samveda, uses sanskrit syllables from mantra
Difference between kuchipudi and bharatnatyam
Sufi mystics practiced: meditation and control of breadth, severe ascetic exercises, holy songs
Rowlatt act
Lahore session of congress 1929
Bhumisparsha mudra : Earth as witness for his purity
Religion of early vedic aryans: worship of nature and yagnas
Brahmo samaj: opposed idolatry, denied the need for priestly class for interpreting religious texts
Products ntroduced into India by English? tobacco and red chillies by portugese
Guilds (shreni): Independent, wages & prices & rules fixed by them, had judicial powers
2013
Rock cut architecture: Barabar caves (oldest surviving rock cut in Bihar) built by Ashoka for ajjevikas, Badami caves, ellora caves
Hiuen Tsang
Members of constituent assembly from provinces were elected by the provincial legislative assembly
Tebhaga movement
Budhist rock cut caves: chitya and viharas definition
Nirvana: extinction of flame of desire
Simon commission
Quit India movement in response to cripps proposal
Characteristics of people of indus valley civilization
Jain Karma doctrine: Surest way to annihilate karma is through penance, karma is the bane of the soul and must be ended
Bhakti saints (Dadu dayal, guru nanak, tyagaraja):- Guru nanak contemporary to babar
Mural paintings: Ajanta, lepakshi but not at sanchi
Sankhya scool of pholosophy
Tribhanga dance meaning
Annie besant works
Ilbert bill controversy
2014
Classical languages
Mahatara and pattakila - vilage headmen
Kosala and Magadha were associated with the life of buddha
Panchyaatan a type of temple construction
6 systems of Indian philospohy (not lokayata and kapalika)
Sattriya dance- classical dance in 2000, by vaishnavite sankaradev in 15th AD, based on https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-the-famous-sattriya-dance-consi--5f4cc7cf799db3756eb53986#:~:text=Sattriya%20was%20given%20the%20status,and%20also%20use%20hand%20gestures.
Ajanta - Budha mahaparnirvana, Udaigiri caves - huge image of varaha avatar, Mamallapuram - Arjuna's penace
Ghadr a revolutionary org hq in san fransisco
Kalaripayatu: ancient martial art in south india
Garba, mohniattam and Yakshagana and their regions
Tabo monastery - spiti valley, Alchi temple complex - Ladakh, Lhotsava lakhang temple Nako - Kinnaur (HP)
Bijak is a composition of Kabir, Pushti marg philosophy by vallabhacharya
Queen victoria proclamation 1858: no intention to annex indian states, to place indian administartion under british crown
Ibadat khana at fateh pur sikri: The hall in which Akbar held discussions with scholars of various religions
2015
Rowlatt satyagraha - Rowlatt act based on recommendation of sedition committee, Gandhiji tried to utilize home rule league
Economic crtics of colonialism - Naoroji, Subramanian iyer, R.C.Dutt
Congress socialist party - https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-congress-socialist-party-consid--5f48bf04f6001d73a6feae7a
Medieval indian state and their present region-------Champaka, Durgara(jammu), Kuluta
Kosala and Magadha were associated with the life of buddha
Arrival of Babur led to - https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-followingthe-arrival-of-babur-into--5f48c76b1a74980d11c61be3#:~:text=Babur%20established%20the%20Timurid%20dynasty,Timurid%20dynasty%20in%20the%20region.
C.Rajgopalachari organised march on tanjore coast to break salt law in 1930
Harihara I founded Hampi on bank of Tungabhadra
Cabinet mission - recommended federal gov
Earliest - Rock cut temple at dhauli (2nd BC)>Varaha image udaigiri (5th AD)>Rock cut monuments mahabalipuram (7th AD)>Lingaraja temple Bhubneswara (11th AD)
Feudal system - Lord-vassal relationship, emergence of administrative structure based on control and posession of land,
Swadeshi movement led to split in moderates and extremist
Classical language
Kalamkari painting - a hand painted cotton textile in South India
2016
Keshab chandra sen - Tabernacle of new dispensation, Indian reform association---------Calcutta unitarian committee by raja ram mohan roy https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following1-calcutta-unitarian-com--5f44de98660d6a0183167f3b
Maagadha - memorizing of chronicles, dyanstic histories, epic tales, Shramana - seeker, who performs acts of austerity, Parivrajaka - One who roams about all around the place, Agraharika - one who looks after land given in charity
Split of 1907 bcoz of extremist lack of faith in moderates to negotiate with british
Tax rate under krishna deva raya of vijaynagar was fixed based on quality of land, pvt owner paid industries tax
Malavikaagnimitra (kalidasa) - love story of the sum of sunga dynasty, Swapnavasavdatta (Bhasha) - love story of vatsa king udayana and vasavdatta
Siddhas(sittars) - in tamil regions were monotheistic and condemned idolatory, Lingayats - did not believe in rebirth and rejected caste system
Banjaras - traders
James princep first deciphered edicts of Ashoka
Swadeshi and boycott were agitation against the partition of bengal
Bodhisaatva - mahayana sect, compassionate one on his way of enlightment, delays his own salvation to help all sentient beings
Satya sodhak samaj: anti caste movement in Maharashtra
Montague-chlemsford proposals related to constituional reforms
Ajanta and mahabalipuram have rock cut monuments
Eripatti: revenue for maintenance of village tanks, Taniyurs: large village and distincts revenue units under cholas, Ghatika: small religious institue, Agrahara: Bigger religious institutes
Agrahatta: water wheel used in the irrigation of land
After 2nd world war India would be given dominion status: Cripps
2017
Difference between rigvedic aryans and Indus valley people: https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-the-difference-between-the-cultu--5f3a1b2569d0c30d0d2746da#:~:text=1.,knew%20only%20copper%20and%20iron.
Manipuri sankirtana - songs and dance to narrate life of lord krishna
Ryotwari settlement - alexander read and thomas munro
Trade disputes act 1929 - provided the system on tribunals and ban on strikes
Factories act 1881: limit working hours of children who are below 12, N.M.Lokhandey was pioneer in labour movment
https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statements1-the-factori--5f3a272eeebea50d0def50a7#:~:text=The%20Factories%20Act%2C%201881%20was,workers%20to%20form%20trade%20unions.
Butler committee 1927: Improve relationship between GOI and Indian astates
Radhakant Deb: 1st PZ of British India association, Gazulu lakshminarasau chetty: Madras native association, Surendra nath banerjee: Founder of Indian association
Motupalli seaport in kakatiya kingdom--------(other options--kakinada, machilipatnam, nelluru)
Sautrantika and sammitiya were sects of budhism, Sarvastinadin held that constituents of phenomenon existed forever
Dyarchy refers to division of subject in provinces into two categories
Bodhisatva padmapani painting at Ajanta
Chaliha sahib festival: sindhis, Nanda raj jaat yatra: Uttarakhand, Wari warkari: Maharashtra https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-pairstradit--5f3a42ab99ba530d0c9b9bc0
Second round table conference: Dec 1931<Quit India movement: Aug 1941<Mutiny in royal indian navy: 1946
2018
Lala lajpat rai wrote biographies on Mazzini, Garibaldi, Shivaji, and Shrikrishna
Woods dispatch: Grant in aid, establishment of universities, english as medium of instruction at higher level
Chapchar kut festival: Mizoram, Khongjom parba: Manipur, Thang-ta: Sikkim
Residuary powers given to gov general
Bani thani: Kishangarh school of painting
Tyagraja and Annamaracharya are not contemporaries https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-cultural-history-of-india-consi--5f3623ee530eb20d132d9667
After Santhal uprising colonial gov created santhal paraganas, made illegal for santhal to transfer land to non-santhal
Commercialisation of indian agri due to british rule
Puthukulli shawls: TN, Sujni embroidery: Bihar, Uppada jamdani saris: Andhra pradesh
Cotton, silk, saltpetre and opium were exported from Bengal
Champaran Satyagraha: Joining of peasant unrest to India's national movement
Hind mazdoor sabha 1948: Ashok Mehta, G.G.Mehta, T.S.Ramanujam
Sthanakvasi: jainism
Mughal architecture Buland darwaja, Khankah, Bara imam bara, rumi darwaja https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-the-cultural-history-of-india-c--5f367fa7bffb4d0d16b159a3
Jean-Baptiste travernier discussed about diamonds
Maitreya is a future budha, who is yet to to come to save the world
Subsidiary alliance by lord wellesley: maintain large standing army at others expence, keep india safe from napolean, to establish british paramountcy over indian states
English education introduction: Charter act 1813, general committee of public instruction 1823, orientalist and anglicist controversy
In 1920 Mahatma gandhi changed the name of swarajya sabha to all india home rule league
Neel darpan: Deenbandhu mitra-1858-1859, Anandmath: Bankim chandra chattopadhyaya-1862, Satyendra nath tagore - 1st civil servant-1864, Arya samaj-1875
Sanskrit college at Benaras: Jonathan Duncan, Calcutta madarasa: Warren hastings, Fort william college: Lord wellesley
2019
Jagirdars: revenue rights, not heriditary----Zamindars: land assignments, heriditary
Major aim of land reforms was to povide agricultural land to all landless
Charter act 1813: All trade abolished for EIC except tea & china, sovereignty of british crown over teritorries held by India
Swadeshi mov: revival of indigenous craft and artisan, National council of education was established
All India anti-untouchability league: M.Gandhi, All India kIsan sabha: Swami sahajanand saraswati, Self-respect movement: E.V.Ramswamy Naicker
Harappan site: Desalpur, Kot diji, Chanhudaro
Ranyo Ashoka - Kanganahalli
Mahayana budhism: Deification of Budha, Treading the path of bodhisattvas, Image worship and rituals
Vishti (Gupta period): Tax paid by people
Kalyana mandapa: Vijayanagar
Amil-revenue collection, Iqta system: central asian and west asian origin, Mir Bakshi-Head of mughal military
Saint Nimbarka (Vaishnavite) - 13 to 14th century, Akbar - 16th century, Kabir - 15th century, shaikh ahmad sirhindi - 16th century
Gandhi instrumental in abolition of indentured labour, Gandhi supported resolution on recruiting indians on world war, Upon breaking salt law INC declared illegal
Tej bahadur sapru: Pz, all india liberal foundation, K.C.Neogy - member, constituent assembly, P.C.Joshi - General secretary: CPI
Mia tansen: title given by raja vikramjit of gwalior
Jahagir shifted emphasis from manuscripts to album and individual portrait
2020
Aurang: Warehouse, Banian: Indian agent of east India company, Mirasidar: Designated revenue payer to the state
Budhism: Sthavirvadins belong to Theraveda, Lokottaravadin was an offshoot of mahasanghika sect of buddhism, Deification of budha by mahasanghikas fostered the mahayana budhsim
Impacts of industrial revolution: Indian handicrafts were ruined
Estd of pallava by Mahendraverman I (571 - 630), Gopala Pala dynasty (750), King bhoja Pratihara (850), Parantaka I chola dynasty (907-950)
Hundi during Harsha was bill of exchange
Desher katha by Sakharam Ganesh Deuskar https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-the-book-desher-kathaquot--5fc9e91e77637ff388fcae76
Gandhi irwin pact
Vital-Vidhvansak 1st monthly journal to have untouchable people as its target audience written by Gopal baba Walangkar
Kulyavapa and Dronavapa denote measurement of land
Ashoka edict
Paramitas: Perfection whose attainment led to the boddhisatva path
Rakhmabai case of 1884: Age of consent, restitution of conjugal rights
Indigo cultivation in India declined in the beginning of 20th century bcoz of its unprofitability due to new invention
Wellesley established fort william college at Calcutta to train british civillian for administrative purposes
Ulgulan: Birsa Munda revolt of 1899-1900
Kalidasa: Chandragupta II, Panini: Ashtdhyayi, Amarsinha: Vikramaditya, https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-the-scholarsliterateurs-of-anci--5fca41f6cb9eec6789e4ad2f
Parivrajaka: Renunciant or wanderer, Upasaka: lay follower of budhism, Shramana: seeker, who performs acts of austerity
Ghantasala, Kodura and Chaul are ports handling foreign trade
2021
Chausath yogini temple: circular temple built during the reign of Kachhapaghata dynasty
Dholavira is well known for it well managed water harvesting system
Factories of east India company located at Surat, Broach, Ahmedabad, Agra, and Masulipatam.
Gupta to Harshavardhana: https://testbook.com/question-answer/from-the-decline-of-guptas-until-the-rise-of-harsh--6162a7f4361f733524c08f73#:~:text=After%20the%20decline%20of%20the,Hence%20statement%201%20is%20correct.
As per Portugese writer Nuniz women in vijayanagar were expert in wrestling, astrology, accounting, soothsaying
In Madanapalle Rabindranath tagore translated the national anthem from bengali to english here
Burzahom: tools made of bones and stones in neolithic period, Chandraketugarh: terracota art, Ganeshwar: copper artefacts
Iltutmish, MBT, Devaraya II https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statements-1-it--6162b3fb86e6a656557d6406#:~:text=It%20was%20during%20the%20reign,3.
Mitakshara and dayabhaga https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-the-history-of-ancient-india-wh--6162b4b8b469bc2e3b7699a2
Bhavavhuti, Hastimalla, kshemeshwara were playwrights
Quit india mov on 8th aug 1942
Gandhi translated songs from prison in english
Suba>Sarkar>Paragana
Ishwar chandra vidyasagar secretary of Bethune female school
Shah nawaz khan, prem kumar sehgal and gurbaksh singh dhillon were officer of INA
https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-indian-history-which-of-t--6162a5345a038b847db348ce
Ajanta caves lies in the gorge of Waghora river https://testbook.com/question-answer/which-one-of-the-following-statements-is-correct--6162a57086e6a656557b97c3
2022
GOI act 1919:Functions of provincial government divided into reserved and transfered, Reserved include administration, land revenue and police, local self government comes under Transferred
Ghadr party: Rash behari bose.......other options: Barindra kumar ghosh, Jogesh chandra chatterjee
Cripps mission proposal: Constituent assembly partly elected and partly nominated, any province not ready to sign new constitution can sign separate agreement with britain for future status
Alfonso de Albuquerque captured Goa from the Bijapur Sultanate, EIC estabished factory at Madras on land leased from vijayanagar empire, Dutch estd factories in 1600s and gajapati ruled during 1500
In medieval india Fanam referred to Coins....other options-clothing, ornament, weapons
Jaina texts: Parisishtaparvan, Trishasthilakshana mahapurana--------Budhist text: Nettipakarana, Avadanashataka
Aryadeva-Budhist monk: Dignaga-Budhist scholar; Nathamuni-Vaishnava scholar
1st mongol invasion during the reign of iltutmish, During reign of alaudin khilji one mongol assault marched the delhi and besieged it, Mongols were defeated by muhammad bin tughlaq
Kulah darans ere known as sayyids-------other options-arab merchants, qalandars, persian calligraphists
As per Kautilya's arthshastra: person could be slave as a result of judicial punishment, if female bore her master a son then she was free, son born to female slave if fatherd by master then entitled for legal status
Ashoka major rock edicts: Dhauli-Odisha, Erragudi - Andhra pradesh, Jaugada - Odisha, Kalsi - Uttarakhand
Nanuka - Chandela, Jayashakti - Chandela, Nagabhata II - Pratihara dynasty, Bhoja - Pratihara---------------Other options--Paramara, Gurjar pratihara, Rashtrakuta
Sangam literature: Classification of varna was known to them, other options could have been easily eliminated
Yogavashistha was translated into persian by nizamudin panipati during the reign of Akbar
Teaching of ramanuja: Best means of salvation was devotion
Somnath temple: one of the jyotirlinga shrines, a description of it was given by al-biruni, pran pratistha inaugrated by rajendra prasad
 2011
Bioasphalt not based on fossil fuels, can be made from organic waste material, can not be made from non-renewable resources
Emissions from coal consumption
Ozone hole formation in antarctic due to presence of prominent polar front and stratospheric cloud and inflow of CFCs
Carbon credit - ratified at conjuction with kyoto protocol, prices fluctuate based on demand and supply, can be traded on public and private markets
Biodiversity hotspot criteria: Species richness, endemism and threat perception
Carbon sequestration
Ecosystem productivity - Marine upwelling zones
Tropical rain forest and tropical decidous forest: Properties
Himalayan region is very rich in species diversity bcoz of confluence of different biogeographical zones
Acts related to biodiversity conservation: import export act 1947, mining and mineral dev act 1957, customs act 1962, Indian forest act-1927
Trans fats : Hydrogenated vegetable oils, found naturally in meat & dairy products
Reasons for increase in harmful algal blooms in the seawaters of India: Discharge of nutrients, runoff from land during monsoon, upwelling in seas
Addition of CO2 in carbon cycle through?
Indian wild ass, Indian wild buffalo, Indian wild boar, indian gazelle
Biodiversity forms the basis for human existence
Use of Aspartame
Oil zapper
State with most suitable climatic conditions for growth of orchids with minimum cost of production and can develop export industry - Aunachal Pradesh
Ex situ and In situ method of conservation
Mangroove trees do not eget uprooted by storms and tides bcoz of extensive roots
Red data book published by IUCN conatins threatened plant and animal species
Biodiversity at lower altitude/latitude is grater than at higher altitude/latitude
Brahmaputra, irrawady, mekong rivers: Brahmaputra makes U turn bcoz of syntaxial bend of himalayas
2012
National biodiversity authority, Genetic engineering appraisal committee
NGT 2010 was enacted in consonance with art 21
Bacteria, fungi, flowering plants, viruses, certain minerals are used as biopesticides
CFCs uses
Sea buckthorn
Wetland area: Inland wetland > coastal wetlands
Ocean acidification increasing: what are concerns?
Why India imports too much coal?
Location of tiger reserves
Duration of monsoon decreases from south to north and amount of rainfall decreases from east to west
In National parks locals not allowed to use and ccollect biomass
Pollinating agents
Endangered species: Great Indian bustard, musk deer, red panda, asiatic wild ass other given options: Kashmir stage, cheetal, blue bull, snow leaopard, swamp deer, rhesus monkey, saras, lion tailed macaque, hanuman langur
Difference b/w antelopes oryx and chiru
Millenium ecosystem assessment: Describes ecosystem services in provisioning, supporting, regulating, preserving and cultural
Threats to biodiversity
Naturally found in India: Black necked crane, flying squirrel and snow leapord (cheetah not found naturally)
What happens if phytoplankton is completely destroyed?
Vultures are rarely seen nowadays: Bcoz of drug used by cattle owners
2013
Star tortoise, Pygmy hog, monitor lizard are naturally found in India but not spider monkey
Pollutants in drinking water
Sea cow, sea lion are mammals where as sea horse is a fish
By products of sugar industry: Bagasse and molasses, Molasses can not be used for production of synthetic chemical fertilizer
In grasslands tree do not replace grasses as part of ecological succession bcoz of water limits and fire
Decreasing order of productivity: Mangroves>grasslands>lakes>oceans https://www.iasabhiyan.com/ecosystem-productivity/#:~:text=In%20terrestrial%20ecosystems%20the%20order,forest%20(taiga)%2C%204.
Contour bunding: placement of stones on natural sises of landscapes
Forest dwellers act 2006 - Gram sabha
Aflatoxins produced by cetain Moulds
e-waste
Acid rain caused by
Food chain definition
Rivers flowing through NP: Jim corbett (Ramganga, kosi, saonnadi), Silent valley (Bhavani, Kunthi), Kajiranga (Brahmaputra, Diphlu, Mor diphlu, and Mor dhansiri)
Biofertilizers: https://www.google.com/search?q=biofertilizers+upsc&rlz=1C1CHBF_enIN725IN725&biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjX7LHkiYv3AhWEyzgGHY2aALAQ_AUoAnoECAEQBA#imgrc=nfGU8Mus4-sgRM
Agaricus (Mushroom), Spirogyra (Algae)
What adds nitrogen to soil : Excretion of urea by animals, death of vegetation
Lion tailed macaque location
Ecological niche definition
Photochemical smog
Decomopser: Bacteria and fungi but not virus
Characteristics of equatorial forests
Gharial, leather back turtle and swamp deer are endangered
Leaf modification in desert areas
2014
What is montreux record?
Global environment facility - role
Dampa tiger reserve - Mizoram, Gumti wildlife santuary - Tripura, Saramati peak - Nagaland
Wetland international - an independent organization
Reason for decline in the population of ganges river dolphin
Brominated flame retardnats - Highly resistant to degradation, accumulate in humans and animals
Hibernating animals - Bats, rodents, bears
How is CO2 added on planet earth - volcanoes, respiration, decay of organic matter
Common myna, painted stork-NT, black necked crane -NT
Lichens - Algae + Fungi
Plants naturally grown in Himalyas: Oak, rhododendron, sandalwood mostly grows in dry decidious forest
Pollutants released by steel industry - sulphur, nitrogen CO, CO2
Cluster bean (guar) - source of high quality biodiesel
Coral reefs are found in ANI, Lakshdweep, gulf of khabhat, gulf of mannar, palk strait, west coast of gujarat but not in sunderbans
Soil erosion assoicated with deforestation
Most important strategy for conservation of biodiversity - Biosphere reserve
Possible impact if temperature increases beyond 3 degree
Neem oil is not used in the manufacture of biofuels and detergents
International treaty on plant genetic resources, UNCCD and world heritage convention: have bearing on biodiversity
Earth hour: by WWF
Food chain: Diatoms>crustaceans>herrings
Ecosensitive zones: EP act 1986, aim to regulate activities around NP and WS
Animal welfare board of India - cruelty to animals act 1960, NTCA, National ganga river basin authority chaired by PM
2015
Keibul Lamjao NP - swamp floating vegetation
CITES and IUCN--------Cites legally binding
Fly ash - https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-fly-ash-produced-by-th--5f48bb793ca0d668e85e7bdc#:~:text=Detailed%20Solution,-Download%20Soln%20PDF&text=The%20correct%20answer%20is%201,electric%20and%20steam%20generating%20plants.
Dugong - mammal, herbivorous, Vulnerable
Gangetic dolphin - National animal
ANI - Mangrove forest, wet evergreen forest and deciduos forest
Montreal protocol - Ozone depleting substances
RIO+20 is UN conference on sustainable development
Green climate fund - UNFCCC https://testbook.com/question-answer/which-of-the-following-statements-regarding-g--5f48cc4f3783aa0d057ba52b#:~:text=The%20Green%20Climate%20Fund%20(GCF,Hence%20statement%201%20is%20correct.
Namdapha NP - troical to subtropical, temperate, arctic----------------Kanchenjungha, Nandadevi, Neora valley
Bio carbon fund initiative for sustainable forest landscape - World bank
Meghalaya - roots of living trees
Forest carbon partnership facility - https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-forest-carbon-partnership-f--5f48d900839f333108365fe3
Birdlife international - https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-an-organization-known-as-bi--5f48d9e59ce7100404713662#:~:text=BirdLife%20International%20is%20a%20global,Hence%20statement%201%20is%20correct.
Ecosystem is community of organisms together in the environment in which they live
2016
Intended nationally determined contributions - to combat climate change
UN-REDD+ programme https://testbook.com/question-answer/which-of-the-following-statements-isare-correct--5f44d7aa660d6a0183161d69#:~:text=Proper%20implementation%20of%20the%20REDD%2B,Resilience%20of%20forest%20ecosystem.
Air quality index - PM2.5, PM10, O3, CO, NO2, SO2, NH3, Pb,
United nation convention to combat desertification - sole legally binding, 1994 https://testbook.com/question-answer/what-isare-the-importanceimportances-of-the-39--5f44c06776aa1a1526bdba65
Great Indian hornbill natural habitat - western ghats
NEEM coated urea: slowsdown the rate of dissolution of urea
FAO accords GIAHS to identify and safeguard eco-friendly tradiional farm practices and their associated landscapes
Annex I countries, certified emission reductions, clean development mechanisms---related to Kyoto protocol-----------cartagena protocol, nagoya protocol
Green India mission - restoring and enhancing forest cover
The economics of ecosystem and biodiversity: by germany and european commission, benefits of biodiversity, https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-an-initiative-called-the-economi--5f44d6a9d506c00d14fffa15#:~:text=Detailed%20Solution,-Download%20Soln%20PDF&text=The%20correct%20answer%20is%202,Hence%20statement%202%20is%20correct.
Greenhouse gas protocol: international accounting tool for government and business leaders to understand, quantify and manage greenhouse gas emissions
Agenda 21: global action plan for sustainable development, 1992 https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/outcomedocuments/agenda21
Viruses can infect bacteria, plant and fungi
Gadgil report and kasturiranjan report related to protection of wetern ghats
2015 Paris agreemnet UNFCCC: https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-the-agreement-at-the-unfccc-meet--5f45265d64c70c0d11d7284e#:~:text=At%20COP%2021%20in%20Paris,by%20the%20participating%20196%20countries.
2017
Sathyamangalam tiger reserve act as a good link between western and eastern ghats
TRAFFIC - NGO, WWF+IUCN
Bioremediation technique : https://testbook.com/question-answer/in-the-context-of-solving-pollution-problems-what--5f3a21f299ba530d0c998528
Algae based biofuels limitations: high expertise/technology, ecological and social concern
Potential sites for carbon sequestration: abandoned coal seams, depleted oil and gas reserves, subterranean deep saline formation
Gharial, Indian wild ass, Wild buffalo can not be hunted
Global climate change alliance: estd by EU, no mention of WRI & WBCSD https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-global-climate-change-allia--5f3a389a26ea9d0d0b0bc014
Biological oxygen demand: Pollution assay in aquatic ecosystems
Climate and clean air coalition by UNEP and other countries to treat short lived pollutants, focuses on methane, black carbon, HFCshttps://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statements1-climatic-an--5f3a400aeebea50d0df0e813
Gharials in natural habitat found in Chambal river
M-STRiPES--- maintenance of tiger reserves
Tortoise enjoys same level of protection like tiger in schedule I of 1972
Asiatic lions to be translocated to kuno palpur wildlife sanctuary
2018
Leaf modification desert areas: hard and waxy leaves, tiny leaves, thorns
Difference between NGT and CPCB: https://testbook.com/question-answer/how-is-the-national-green-tribunal-ngt-different--5f353b49d936a10d07f37135#:~:text=The%20NGT%20provides%20environmental%20justice,of%20air%20in%20the%20country.
Carbon fertilization: Increased plant growth due to incraesed concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere
Partnership for action on green economy: UNCSD 2012
Prosopis juliflora: Invasive species
Coral reefs: https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statements1-most-of-the--5f36b59a4c21bd0d104eb4f9
Momentum for change: climate neutral now----UNFCCC secretariat
Pakhui wildlife sanctuary: Arunachal
Definition of critical wildlife habitate included in forest rights act 2006, for the first time Baigas have been given habitat rights https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-follwing-statements1-the-definiti--5f36bd0f6675810d0acfb76c#:~:text=Critical%20wildlife%20habitats%20(CWH)%20are,as%20inviolate%20for%20the%20purposes
2019
Valley of flowers national park lies completely in temperate alpine zone
Asiatic lion is naturally found in India only https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statements1-asiatic-lio--5f33ba02c2c95b0d0b7573d2
Agasthyamala biosphere reserve: Neyyar, Peppara, shendurney wildlife sanctuary, Kalakad mundanthurai wildlife sanctuary
Some species of turtles, fish, marine animals are herbivorous and some snakes are viviparous
Blue finned mahseer: Cauvery, Rusty spotted cat: Eastern ghats, Irrawady dophins: Irrawady
Microbeads: considered harmful to marine ecosystems
Himalayan nettle(Girardinia diversifolia) - Textile fibre
Methane Hydrate: Global warming might trigger its release, found in arctic tundra and under sea floor, methane in atmosphere oxidises to CO2 after a decade ot two
Burning of crop/biomass produces: CO, CH4, O3, SO2
Ramsar convention and wetlands rule 2010: https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statements1-under-ramsa--5f33c7c8e8ef8d0d0e877265
Agricultural soils release NOx, Cattle release ammonia, Poultry industy release reactive nitrogen compounds
Schedule tribes and other traditional forest dwellers act (2006) https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statements1-as-per-rece--5f33d218c2c95b0d0b772ea7
Environment protection act 1986:https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statementsthe-environmen--5f33d40453daa00d0e1459b9#:~:text=The%20Environment%20(Protection)%20Act%2C,industrial%20facility%20on%20environmental%20grounds.
Solid waste management rules 2016 https://testbook.com/question-answer/as-per-the-solid-waste-management-rules-2016-in-i--5f33d4b253daa00d0e1463ab
Compensatory afforestation management exists at both national and state level
extended producer respocsibility as important feature in e-waste rules 2011
2020
Alma ata declaration: healthcare, Hague convention: Children adoption, Talanoa dialogue: Globl climate change, Undr2coalition: climate change
Reasons for benzene pollution: automobile exhaust, tobacco smoke, wood burning
Indian elephants: Female lead, gestation period 22 weeks, Karnataka highest population,
Protected areas in cauvery basin: Nagahole NP, Sathyamangalam tiger reserve, Wayanad wildlife sanctuary
Ceylon frogmouth, coppersmith barbet, gray-chinned minivet, white throated red start: are birds
Barasingha (Indian swamp deer): Kanha NP
Musk deer in natural habitat: Askot WS and Gangotri NP
Biochar: growing medium in vertical farming, promotes growth of nitrogen fixing bacteria, enables growing medium to retain water for longer time
Schedule VI: License is required to cultivate that plant
Raw material used for production of biofuels: Cassava, damaged wheat grain, rotten potatoes, sugar beet
Social cost of carbon: Long term damage done by a tonne of CO2 emissions in a given year
Desert NP: Spread over 2 districts, one of natural habitats of great Indian bustard
CGWA formed under env act 1986, India has largest area under grounwater irrigation
Nagarjunasagar-Srisailam has largest area under critical tiger habitat
2021
Copper smelting plants: copper slag can cause leaching of some heavy metals, they may release SO2 as pollutant
Furnace oil: product of oil refineries, some industries use it to generate power, causes sulphur emissions into env
Blue carbon: Carbon captured by oceans and coastal ecosystems
Lichen and mosses can grow on surface without soil
Lemongrass acts as mosquito repellant
Cyanobacteria and diatoms are primary producers in the ocean
Hedgehog and pangolin roll up to protect themselves
New york declaration on forests: https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-the-new-york-declaration-on-fore--6162b618d9f68e7b43859903
Magnetite particles released fromhttps://testbook.com/question-answer/magnetite-particles-suspected-to-cause-neurodegen--6162b6a30ee9eaaf6a0acffa
Oyster is a filter feeder
Weathering of rocks is the main sorce of phosphorus cycle
Detritivores: Earthworms, Millipides, woodlice
Common carbon metric: assessing the carbon footprints of building operations arround the world
Cnidarian, fungi, protozoa can establish symbiotic relationship with other organisms
Leaf litter decomposes faster than any other biome, epiphytes Tropical rain forest
2022
Rice crop is the most important anthropogenic source of both methane and Nitrous oxide Other crops: cotton, sugarcane, wheat in option
Hokera wetland - J&K, Renuka wetland - H.P, Rudrasagar lake - Tripura, Sasthamkota - Kerala
Climate action tracker is database created by coalition of research organisations
EP100 is a global initative led by international non-profit climate group and climate group is secratariat to under 2 coalition IEA
Wetlands absorb heavy metals and excess nutrients
As per WHO what are the levels of PM 2.5, PM 10, Particles with diameter less than 10 can penetrate lungs and trigger asthma: ex-ozone
Gucchi is a fungus that grows in the Himalayan foothills of North India
Use of polyethylene terepthalate
Which of the following is not bird? Golden Mehseer, Indian Nightjar, Spoonbill, White ibis
Nitrogen fixing plants: Alfalfa, chickpea, clover.......Other options-Amaranth, spinach, Purslane (kulfa)
Biorock technology: Restoration of damaged coral reefs
Miyawaki method: Creation of mini forest in urban areas
India sanitation coalition: Multi stakeholder platform, National institute of urban affairs under MoHUA provides solutions to challenges of urban India
Central ground water authority constituted under environment protection act 1986
Polar code: It is international code of safety for ships operating in polar waters
Greenwashing: Conveying a false impression that company's products are eco-friendly in environmetally sound
Laws about wildlife protection
Ants are known as cultivator of fungi Other options: Cockroach, crab and spider
Cause of acid rains: NO2 and SO2 Other options: CO, Ozone
 2011
73rd CAA 1992 (Panchayati raj) provides for District planning committee, State election commission and state finance commission
National minority: advantages
Consolidated fund of India: Funds withdrawal on authorization from parliament
Money from taxes & other reciepts credited to consolidated fund of India
Union budget not passed then PM resigns
Foundamental duty
Finance commission function
Universal declaration of human rights
Metropolitan planning committee functions
Difference b/w vote on account and interim budget
2012
PESA act 1996, role of gram sabha
Adjournement motion
DPSP Gandhian
Rajya sabha, CEC, Parliament
Office of lok sabha speaker
Original jurisdiction of supreme court
GOI act 1919
Rajya sabha special power
13th FC noticiable features
Methods of parliamentary control over public finances: There is no parliamentary budget office
DPSP, FR, R&ULB, 5th, 6th and 7th schedule have provisions bearing on education
Importance of office of CAG
PM appointment
Delimitation commission
President of India lays report before parliament
Deadlock
District rural development agencies
Foundamental duties
Autonomy of supreme court
Distribution of power b/w centre and state by GOI act 1935
2013
Money bill - Rajya sabha
Gov, HC judges, Union territory (with legislature) CM appointed by PZ
Constitution amendment bill procedure
AGI can take part in poceedings of LS, be a member of committee of LS, Speak in LS
Planning commission, zonal council, NDC not mentioned in constitution
Parliament can make any law wrt international treaties without states consent
PESA act 1996 objectives
Economic justice provided in DPSP and Preamble
DPSP foundamental in the governance of the country
Parliamentary account committee: 22 members
Parliamentary government
Parliament and COM
Economic and social planning is kept in concurrent list, Constitution prescribes panchayat should be assigned the task of plan preparation of ESP, Niti aayog
Chairman and DC of Rajya sabha, election of PZ and Vice Pz
NALSA objectives
NDC constitutes
2014
Estimates committee is the largest committee of parliament (committee on public account, undertaking and committee on petitions)
Anti defection - 10th schedule
Satyamev jayate in mundak upanishad
International peace and security (art 51) - DPSP
NDC and Parliament are associated with Planning in India
Cabinet secretariat functions
Constituional government - places effective restriction on the authority of state in the interest of individual liberty
Discretionary powers of governors
President
No confidence motion - Not mentioned in parliament
Original jurisdiction of supreme court
Parliament has power to increase judges of supreme court
Partition of bengal by lord curzon in 1905 lasted till delhi durbar 1911
1929 session of INC - Attainment of poorna swaraj as goal of congress
2015
14th FC - Increased share from 32 to 42%, no sector specific grants
DPSP - Not enforceable by any court, socio-economic democracy
Powers of Rajya sabha
GOI act 1919 - clearly defined jurisdiction of central and provincial gov
Bill in joint sitting of parliament is passed by simple majority of members present and voting
Planning commission to NITI aayog
Executive power of union of india is vested with President, Cabinet secretary is the ex officio chairman of civil services board
INC 1st women PZ - Annie besant, 1t muslim PZ - badrudin tyabji
5th and 6th schedule protect the interest of scheduled tribes
Budget prepared by department of economic affairs, Money can not be withdrawn from Consolidated fund without parliament's authorization, public account operated by executive action
Supreme court of India is custodian of constitution
Size of state legislatice coucil <=1/3rd of state legislative assembly, chairman of council by members
To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of india in foundamental duties
Foundamental objective of panchayati raj is people participation and democratic decentralisation
Idea of welfare state is enshrined in DPSP
Parliamentary system of gov bcoz council of ministers responsible to lok sabha
2016
Parliament passes law on state list if Rajya sabha passes resolution by not less than two third of its members present and voting
Difference between prorogation and dissolution related to lapsing of bill
Chief secretary in a state is appointed by CM, has no fixed tenure
Gram nyalaya act -- act 2008, civil+criminal, social activist as mediators
Minimum age for panchayaat election: 21, panchayat reconstituted after premature dissolution continues only for remainder period
2017
Private members bill
Equality in society is absence of privileges
Participation of workers in management of industries added in 42nd CAA to DPSP
Rights are claims of citizens against the state
Local self government is an exercise of democratic decentralisation
DPSP does not constitute limitations on legislative function and executive function but FR does
Foundamental duties non enforceable, not correlative to legal duties
Economic liberty not objective of preamble instead liberty of thought, expression, belief, worship and faith
Democracy calls into activity the intelligence and character of ordinary men and women
Main advantage of parliamentary form of gov: executive remains responsible to legislature
Rights are correlative of duties
Mind of the makers of india is reflected in preamble
Parliamentary control over council of ministers: adjournment motion, question hour, supplementary questions
For elections to lok sabha, nomination paper can be filed by any CZ whose name appears in the elctoral role of constituency
In loksabha winning candidate must get majority of votes to get elected, In informal provision speaker post goes to majority party where as deputy speaker goes to opposition
Right to vote and to be elected is a constitutional right
Election commission: 3 member body, decides shedule for elections, resolves disputes of political party regarding recognition
Judicial review: Power of judiciary to pronounce upon the constitutionality of laws and executive orders
necessarily the consequences of presidents rule: council of ministers removal, dissolution of state legislative assembly or local bodies either suspended or dissolved
Right against exploitation: prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour, prohibition on employment of children
Priciple underlying cabinet form of government: a mechanism of parliamentary democracy for ensuring collective responsibility of the gov to the people
Not a feature of Indian federalism: It is the result of the agreement among the federating units
2018
In Lok sabha, LOP 1st recognised in 1969---singlw largest party in 1st loksabha CPI, minimum 55 seats or 10% for opposition
Parliament can place any law in 9th schedule, there is judicil review for it
Committee on subordinate legislation: scrutinizes and reports to make regulations, rules, sub-rules, by-laws
Money bill is not concerned with the appropriation of money out of contigency fund of India
President election: Value of vote of MLA varies from state to state, value of vote of MP remains same
Speaker of LA should vacate his office if he ceases to be a member, he need not vacate immediately upon LA dissolution
There are no laws, there is no liberty
No criminal proceedings against governor during his term in office
Features of rule of law: Limitation of powers, equality before law, liberty and civil rights
Under president's rule: the powers of the legislature of the state is exercised by parliament
Right to privacy: art 21
2019
44th amedment: PM election under judicial review, SC struck down 99th amendment
SC judge impeachment: https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statements1-the-motion--5f33cc36ce62be0d137ba0bd
9th schedule intoduced during Jawahar lal nehru
Office of profit not defined in constitution, amended 5 times
Under 5th schedule illegal to transfer tribal land to pvt properties
Art 142: The SC of india is not constrained in the exercise of its powers by laws made by parliament.
Legislative assembly of state: Gov makes customary address at the commencement of 1st year of session, if state legislature does not have any rule the it follows lok sabha rules
Art 21 safeguards right to marry
Governor should be a person fom outside the state: Sarkaria commission
Independent regulators like insurance, electricity, etc are reviewed by ad-hoc committees of parliament, parliamentary department related standing committees
India's five year plan: https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-indias-five-year-plans-whi--5f34e3977ef8620d11b8f3b9
The financial sector was included as an integral part of Plan from the 4th FYP - where 14 banks were Nationalised
HC can declare central laws to be constutionally invalid, amendment cam be called into question by SC
Liberty: Opportunity to develop oneself fully
2020
RS has equal powers with respect to LS in amending the constitution
MPLADs https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-the-funds-under-members-of-parli--5fc9cf4c04970fc661dd1a9c
Protection against untouchability: Right to equality
Separation of judiciary from the executive: Art 50--DPSP
FRBM act 2003: Macro economic framework statement along with budget
A constitutional gov is a limited gov
Constitution of india reflects principles of universal declaration on human rights: FR, DPSP, FD, Preamble
Free legal sevices to person with an annual income less than 1 lakh, transgender with an annual income less than 2 lakh https://testbook.com/question-answer/in-india-legal-services-authorities-provide-free--5fc9d7bf55483652c5a2f66a
A parliamentray system of gov is gov is responsible to parliament and is removed by it
DPSP : welfare state
Constitution does not define basic structure, and does not provide for judicial review
Common agreement betwen gandhism and marxsicm is the final goal of a stateless society
Bureaucracy is an agency for the implementation of public policy
Preamble is a part of the constituion but has no legal effect independently
Part IV: Not enforceable, it influences the making of laws by the state
https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statements1-according-t--5fc9e10d1de988ee45eff7b7
President of India can summon parliament at such place as he/she thinks fit, there is no min number of years parliament is required to meet in a ayear
2021
Montague-chlemsford reform 1919, GOI act 1935 gave women reserved seats in legislature
British parliament is suupreme and indian parliament is limited
Administrative reforms commission
Right to privacy article 21
https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statements-1-in-india--61629d2eb469bc2e3b739605
Right tot the city https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statements1-right--616297cdfb5e572397653492
Police custody and judicial custody https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-india-consider-the-following-st--6162991eb469bc2e3b730671
Parole https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-india-consider-the-following-st--616299f70ca0ce6bb74037a3
MoTA is the nodal agency for the forest dwellers act 2006
Article 14
Independence of judiciary is federal in character
A state is a community of persons permanently occupying a definite territory independent of external control and possessing an organized government
Any retired judge of SC can be called back by CJI with prior permission of PZ, HC has the power to review its own judgement
There is only one citizenship and domicile
Separation of powers is the safeguard of liberty in liberal democracy
Concentration of wealth violated DPSP
Right to property is legal right available to any person
Exact constitutional status of India on 26th Jan 1950 was sovereign, democratic republic
Constituional gov means gov limited by the terms of the constitution
2022
Contempt of court: Constitution does not define civil and criminal contempt, on H.N.Sanyal committee report CoC act 1971 was passed, parliament can make laws on CoC, SC & HC can punish for contempts
Bar council can lay down rules related to law education and recognition of law colleges, only government lawyers are advocates not corporate lawyers
Constitution amendment bill: Must be passed by RS and LS by special majority, No joint sitting, president must give his assent after parliament, no prior PZ approval
Constitution does not classify the ministers, total number ministers in union gov can not exceed 15% of total number of members of LS
Exclusive powers of Lok sabha: To pass no confidence motion, To ratify declaration of emergency special majority in both houses is needed, Impeachment of president can be started in any house
Anti-defection law: Nominated legislator can join political party after 6 months, law does not rovide any time frame within which the presiding officer has to decide a defection case
Attorney general participates in parliamentary meetings not solicitor general, Not mandatory to resign if parliament resigns
Writs: Mandamus can not lie against pvt org and can lie against a company, any public minded person can petition to obtain quo warranto
Deputy speaker of Lok sabha: election of DS takes place as on the date fixed by speaker, DS has same power with respect to speaker when presiding
When area is brought under 5th schedule then it would prevent the transfer of land from tribal to non-tribal
 2011
Geostationary satellite (While the geostationary orbit lies on the same plane as the equator, the geosynchronous satellites have a different inclination)
How is the knowledge of arrangement of gene and DNA position on chromosomes useful?
Microbial fuel cells a sustainable source of energy
Bt-Brinjal objective
Function of heavy water in nuclear reactor is to slow down the speed of neutrons
Surface of lake frozen but bottom water still liquid? Density of water max at 4 degree
Difference between bluetooth and wifi devices: Both use radio frequencies
Difference between WLAN and WWAN
Difference b/w CFL and LED lamp
Question on blood group
Difference between Blue ray disc and DVD
Satellite orbiting around the earth does not fall bcoz attraction of earth provides necessary acceleration for its motion.
Difference between asteroid and comet
Role of antioxidants in human body
Jets fly on lower stratosphere: no vertical winds and no clouds or water vapour
Virtual private network
2012
Biomass gasification: uses renewable organic resource, produces CO, H and CO2, used in direct heat generation and ICE
Role of UV rays in water purifier
Graphene
Lead poisoning : Lead present in paints, smelting units
Stem cells
Use of anti matter:
Evidence for expansion of universe: microwaves, redshift and blushift phenomenon
Moisture in the upper layers of atmosphere prevents the electricaly charged particles from reaching earth
Thorium and uranium difference: Thorium more abundant, thorium produces more energy, Thorium produces less waste
CO2 in the air absorbs infrared part of the solar radiation
C, H and N were responsible for origin of life on earth
Resistance to Bt brinjal reason
Genetically engineered plants prospect: grow and do photosynthesis in spaceships
Phenomenon of capillarity examples: straw does not work on capillarity
2013
R-DNA tech
Variation in length of daytime and night time from season to season is due to revolution of earth on tilted axis
Hepatitis B and HIV AIDS transmitted through tatooing. Chikungunya through mosquito bite
Calcium, iron and sodium are needed for muscle contraction
Fruits stored in cold chamber leads to increased shelf life bcoz of decrease in rate of respiration
Use of ball bearings reduces the effective area of contact between wheel and axle
Size of the sun at dusk, color of the sun at dawn, twinkling of stars is optical illusion
Rainbow: Dispersion, TIR, Refraction
Root hairs are lost during tranplantation hence dont survive
Viruses: Lack enzymes necessary for generation of energy, can not be grown in synthetic medium, can be transmitted from biological as well as mechanical vectors
Forces of nature: gravitational, electromagnetic, weak nuclear and strong nuclear https://testbook.com/question-answer/the-known-forces-of-nature-can-be-divided-into-fou--602913926d905750940a9cc5
Higgs boson particles: https://testbook.com/question-answer/the-efforts-to-detect-the-existence-of-higgs-boson--602914e525f7403e572f2082
Mycorrhizal biotechnology https://testbook.com/question-answer/mycorrhizal-biotechnology-has-been-used-in-rehabil--602915b02905fc4b40c2e9be
2014
Difference between solar thermal and photovoltaics
In photosynthesis: Free energy is converted into potential energy and stored
Biometric identification - Iris scannng, retinal scanning, voice recognition
Vegetative propagation - does not help in elimination of virus
Cassini huygens - Saturn cassini, Messenger - Mercury, Voyager 1 & 2-Solar system
Souring of milk is chemical change
Transgenic crops: gene silencing, cytolplasmic male sterility
Mite, scorpio, spider - Arachnids----Crab - crustaceans
Vitamin deficiency and diseases
Nano particle of some chemical elements: accumulates in env, contaminates soil and water, enters food chain, can trigger free readical production
2015
Use of nano technology - drug delivery, gene therapy
IceCube - worlds largest neutrino detector, buried deep in ice, powerful telescope to search dark matter
Near field communication technology - uses electromagnetic radio fields, use encryption when sending sensitive information
Goldilock zones: search for earth like planets in outer space
Genetic engineering appraisal committee constituted under environment protection act 1986
Sabstitution of wooden plogh with steel in agricultural production is capital augmenting technological progress
Biotiolets - Anaerobic bacteria inoculum, methane, CO2 and water remains
Fuel cells - If pure hydrogen is used then just heat and water are byproducts, produce electricity in the form of DC
2016
Bitcoins -
LiFi - uses light as medium, several times faster than wifi
Transcriptome - full range of mRNA molecules expressed by an organism
International thermonuclear experimental reactor: to build fusion reactors for power generation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITER
Digi locker: digital locker under Digital india, acess your e-documents
Astrosat: https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-astrosat-the-astronom--5f452079660d6a6f88173bf7#:~:text=Astrosat%20is%20a%202000%20kg,the%20surface%20of%20the%20Earth.
Mangalyan: MOM, https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statementsthe-mangalyaan--5f4522a69fd0e249825dc089
2017
If there is huge fall in butterfly population then pollination of some plants could be affected and population of some species could fall
Zika virus: same mosquito as dengue, transmission through sex
UPI benefits: Mobile wallets not necessary for online payments
Event horizon, singularity, string theory and standard model in context of understanding and observation of universe
Genome sequencing uses: https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-agriculture-in-india-how-can-th--5f3a351999ba530d0c9abdb3
Lipstick-lead, soft drinks-brominated vegetable oils, chinese fast foods-monosodium glutamate
Organic LED and LCD differences https://testbook.com/question-answer/organic-light-emitting-diodes-oleds-are-used-to--5f3a4a493811780d14604dd1
Somatic cell nuclear transfer technology: reproductive cloning of animals
Mandatory for dervice providers, data centers, body corporate to report on cyber security incidents
e-LISA to detect gravitational waves
2018
BHIM app and UPI, factors of authentication https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-digital-payments-consider-the-f--5f354e3434094e0d0fe62e4a
GPS uses:Mobile phones, banking, controling of power grid
Indian regional navigation satellite system: https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-the-indian-regional-navigation-s--5f363bae0c40e00d13f04113
Theory of relativity predictions: light affected by gravity, universe constantly expanding, matter warps its surrunding space time
Genetically modified mustard: https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-the-genetically-modified-mustard--5f3640c9b7f50c0d0a4b44c5
Belle II: Particle physics, Blockchain: Cryptocurrency, CRISPR cas9: Biotech
Internet of things
3D printing application
Difference between PSLV and GSLV https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-indias-satellite-launch-veh--5f36bac95ed6c10d0c2ce7ec
Plant diseases spread by: wind, dust blowing, rain, birds
2019
On 21st June: Sun does not set below the horizon at arctic circle
Pyrolysis & plasma gasification: waste to energy technologies
Use of remote sensing/satellite data: chlorophyll content, greenhouse gas emissions, land surface temperatures
H-CNG: reduces CO2 and hydrocarbon emissions, Hydrogen upto 1/5th by volume can be blended with CNG, expensive
Dewdrops not formed on cloudy nights: Clouds absorb the radiation released from earth's surface
Difference between LTE and VOLTE https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-communication-technologies-what--5f34e8142b49030d09256037
Difference of augmented reality and virtual reality (Definitions interchanged)
Functional chromosomes can not be created by joining DNA of from cells of different species
Digital signature is not a proof of identity https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statementsa-digital-sign--5f34fccba31c6f0d0e2c4466
Wearable device uses: Location identification, sleep monitoring, assisting hearing impaired
RNA interference: https://testbook.com/question-answer/rna-interference-rnai-technology-has-g--5f34fdeed042f30d12f49c8a
Blackholes: Gravitational waves detected
Multi drug resistance reasons: incorrect doses of antibiotics, using antibiotics in livestocks
Cas9: Molecular scissor
Hepatitis C does not have a vaccine unlike Hepatitis B, Hepatitis B virus transmitted much like HIV
2020
Pronuclear transfer: Prevention of mitochondrial diseases in offspring
AI can do : Bring down electricity consumption in indutrial areas, Disease diagnosis, speech to text conversion
Visible light communication: https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-visible-light-communication-vlc--5fccd6e502d6075be756d9fa
Blockchain technology: No single user control, app on blockchain can be developed withput anybody's permission
Carbon nanotubes: carriers of drugs, biodegradable, used in biochemical sensors
Drones uses: Spraying pesticides, inspecting active volcanoes, collecting breath samples from spouting whales for DNA analysis
e-LISA
Genetic changes can be introduced in cells, a person's genome can be edited, human induced pluripotent stem cells can be introduced in a a pig
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: Pneumonia+meningitis+sepsis, have side effects, dependence on antibiotics can be reduced
Difference b/w plant and animal cells
Steel slag can be material for: construction of road, improvement of agricultural soil, production of cement
2021
Recombinant vector vaccine: Bacteria and virus are used as vectors, genetic engineering is applied in development
Mitochondrial replacement therapy and heriditary diseases https://blog.forumias.com/question/in-the-context-of-hereditary-diseases-consider-the-following-statements1-passing-on-mitochondrial-diseases-from-parent-to-child-can-be-prevented-by-mitochondrial-replacement-therapy-either-before-o/
Bollgard I and Bollgard II are used in genetically modified crop plants
In pressure cooker temperature at which food cooks depend on area of the hole on the lid, tenperature of the flame
Bacteria and fungi can be cultured in synthetic medium
Adenoviruses have double stranded DNA and Retriviruses have single stranded DNA, AIDS caused by retrovirus and common cold sometimes caused by adeno
Water is dipolar in nature hence dissolves more substances than any other liquid
Difference between sodium vapour and LED lights https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-street-lighting-how-do-sodium-l--61629bd8fb5e57239765c623
ACE2 is talked in context of spread of viral diseases
Bisphenol A is used in the manufacturing of polycarbonate
Triclosan present in toileteries
Speed of light is always same hence it is used to measure astronomical distances
2022
Built on top of open source digital platforms: Aarogya setu, Cowin, Digilocker, DIKSHA
WEB 3.0: Enables people to control their own data, there can be block chain based social network, operated by users collectively rather than corporation
Software as a service (SaaS): Buyers can cusyomize their data and user interface, can access data through mobile apps, Outlook, hotmail, gmail are its forms
Fractional orbital bombardment system: a missile put into stable orbit arround earth and deorbits over a target on earth
Qubit: Quantum computing
Short range devices: closed circuit television, RFID, WLAN
Biofilms: can exhibit antibiotic resistance, can form on food surfaces, can form on medical implants
Probiotics: made of bacteria and yeast, can occur naturally in gut, help in digestion of milk sugars
COVID 19 Pandemic: Types of vaccines---sputnik, covaxin, covishield
Possible effects of solar storm on reaching earth
Role of B and T cells: Protect the body from pathogens
Nanoparticles: Exists in nature, used in cosmetics, some are unsafe for humans
DNA Barcoding: can distinguish between species that look alike, can identofy undesirable plant and animal materials in processed food, can not assess the age of a plantor animal
NFTs: enable digital representation of physical assets, unique cryptographic tokens exist on blockchain, can not be traded or exchanged
 2011
Micro-irrigation
Effect of salinization on irrigated lands
2012
Mixed farming = rearing of animals + cultivation of crops
Cowpea, green gram and pigeon pea are used as pulse, fodder and manure
Rainfed crop: groundnut, sesamum and pearl millet
Agricultural practices that help in carbon sequestration: zero tillage
2013
Kharif crops example
2014
Sustainable sugarcane production intiative-low seed cost, drip irrigation can be done, intercropping can be practised, less use of chemicals
Kinnaur - Apples, Mewat - Agri, coromandel - sugarcane, cotton https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-pairsregion--5f4cbf3afad342780625a01c
Maize: used in biodiesel, production of starch, production of alcoholic beverages
Problem in implementation of "seed replacement rates"
2015
Excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizer in agri - Increase in soil acidity, leaching of nitrate to ground water, No proliferation of nitrogen fixing bacteria
FRP approved CCEA
Agricultural products regulated under APMC act enacted by states
SEED village concept - Farmers are tarined in quality seed production
2016
Drip irrigation - reduced weed growth, reduced soil erosion, increased soil salinity, employed on all landscapes https://testbook.com/question-answer/which-of-the-following-isare-the-advantageadvant--5f451eafd3dd4e0d0cc88569
Initiative for nutritional security through intensive millet production: improved production and post harvest tech, poor farmers have large stake in this
2017
National agriculture marketing scheme: e-trading portal of agri commodities
Water conservation practices: zero tillage, allowing crop residue to remain in field, applying gypsum does not conserve water
Soil health card: checking the overuse of fertilizers in farmland
2018
Global alliance for climate smart agriculture: by FAO https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-the-global-alliance-for-cli--5f35580691131f0d11c28754
Conservation agriculture: minimum tillage, permanent soil cover, crop roation and intercropping
Agricultural soils: Irrigation over a period of time increases salinization, soil plays role in sulphur cycle, high organic matter content in soil improves water holding capacity
MSP not calculated for coffee, turmeric, areca nut
NPOP under ministry of commerce, APEDA secretariat for NPOP, Sikkim 1st state to go fully organic
2019
Carbofuran, methyl parathion, phorate & triazophos are pesticides in agriculture
Economic cost of food grains: MSP+Bonus+procurement incidentials and distribution cost
Kharif crops: Rice>oilseeds>coarse cereals>Pulses>cotton>sugarcane>jute
Vegetable oil highest imported agricultural commodity
2020
Public investment in agri: computerization of primary agriculture credit societies, social capital develpment, setting up cold storage facilities
What affects price of rice in India: MSP, Government trading, government stockpiling, Consumer subsidies
Short term credit support under kisan credit card scheme: Working capital for maintenance of farm assets, consumption requirements of farm households, post-harvest expenses
Under MSP states/gov can procure unlimited, even after fixing MSP market prices can rise
Advantages of zero tillage in agri: Carbon sequestration in soil is possible, sowing of wheat is possible without buring residues, direct planting of paddy seeds in the wet soil is possible
Pulse production in India https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-pulse-production-in-india-consi--5fca24d477637ff38800e0a0#:~:text=India%20is%20the%20largest%20producer,of%20pulses%20in%20the%20world.&text=Though%20pulses%20are%20grown%20in,percent%20of%20the%20total%20production.
Cotton: 210 frost free days, 50 to 100 cm of rainfall, a light well drained soil
Sugarcane cultivation in India: https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-the-current-trends-in-the-cultiv--5fca275cef2aeb4950319051
Eco-friendly agriculture: Crop diversification, Legume intensification, Tensiometer use, Vertical farming
Fertigation in agriculture: Controlling the alkalinity, Increased availability of nutrients to plants is possible, reduction in the leaching of chemical nutrients is possible
Chemical fertilizers https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-chemical-fertilizers-in-india-c--5fca2aca39c0e9bf36646532
2021
Difference between permaculture farming and conventional chemcial farming
Sugarcane is the least water efficient crop
Climate smart agriculture: https://testbook.com/question-answer/in-the-context-of-indias-preparation-for-cl--6162a44afb5e57239766ef78
Moringa https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statements-1-moringa-d--61629ebd0ca0ce6bb740d8cb
 2011
Demographic dividend - age b/w 15 to 64
When bark of a tree is removed in circular fashion - Xylem and Phloem function
Karl marx explained the process of class struggle with the help of dialectical materialism
2012
Inclusive governance: (permiting NBFC to do banking is not example of this)
Demographic transition
ESI covers which sector for social security
2013
To obtain full benefits of demographic dividend promote skill dev
2014
Integrated watershed development project benefits https://testbook.com/question-answer/what-are-the-benefits-of-implementing-the-i--60221c1b158a11a5d9541fee
Chanderi and kaancheepuram sarees famous
NH4, NH 6 and NH 15
Chaitra - (22nd march or 21st march)
Manganiyar - musical tradition in North west
2015
National innovation foundation India - Ministry of science and tech, promoting grassroot innovation
Amnesty international - human rights movement
Steel production requires Coking coal
Accelerated irrigation benefit programme (1996-1997) to provide loan assistance to states, command area development programme (1974-75) for development of water use efficiency
Nuclear weapon states recognised by NPT - Russia, China, USA, France, UK
Indian renewable energy development agency Ltd - PSU and NBFC
2016
Net metering - Production and use of solar energy by households
Mission indradhanush - immunization of children and pregnant women
Mandatory labels on food packets: nutrition label, ingrdients, veg/non veg
Kharai camels - can swin upto 3km, survive by grazing on mangroves
Doctors without borders - International NGO
District mineral foundation: Protecting the interest of persons affected by mining
European stability mechanism: agency of EU that provides financial assistance to eurozone countries
2017
Recognition of prior learning scheme: certifyfing the skills through traditional channels
Prohibition on benami transactions act 1988: https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-the-prohibition-of-benami-p--5f3a24743941670d126dce7d
National nutrition mision objectives: to create awareness, reduce incidence of anemia
Nuclear security summits under USA, International panel on fissile material indepndent body not part of international atomic energy agency------(both bodies were framed wrong)
Standard BIS mark is mandatory for automotive tyres and tubes, AGMARK issued by directorate of marketing and inspection https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statements1-the-standar--5f3a2d1099ba530d0c9a38ff#:~:text=AGMARK%20is%20a%20certification%20mark,AGMARK's%20role%20is%20the%20certification.
National intellectual property rights policy: India's commitment to Doha agreement, DIPP nodal agency
Quality council of India - GOI+Industry, chairman appointed by PM on recommendation of industry
Global infrastructure facility: world bank
UN Habitat: https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-the-role-of-un-habitat-in-the-un--5f3a3ce4eebea50d0df0b19f
National skills qualification framework: https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-national-skills-qualificati--5f3a3d804d51730d137e4b91
National career service: Min of labpur & empl https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-in-respect-to-national--5f3a3eb13cf78a0d0b1068e0
Indian ocean naval symposium: https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-in-respect-of-indian-ocean--5f3a41c7eebea50d0df10672#:~:text=Indian%20Ocean%20Naval%20Symposium%20(IONS,of%20regionally%20relevant%20maritime%20issues.
Omkareshwar & amarkantak - Lord shiva, Arsavali - Sun
Vidyanjali yojana: to increase quality of eduction in gov schools with the help of pvt sector
Unnat bharat abhiyan: Connecting institutions of higher education with local communities
2018
Nuclear supplier group: https://testbook.com/question-answer/what-isare-the-consequenceconsequencesof-a--5f353f6d8881b70d0dbae5c0
Aadhar card can not be used as proof of CZ,
Application programming interface for aadhar can be integrated into any electronic device, online authentication using iris is possible
Right to education act https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statements1-as-per-the--5f354a918881b70d0dbb69b7
FSSAI act 2006, independent body under health and family welfare
National food security act 2013- https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-the-provisions-made-under-the-na--5f354cc534094e0d0fe6203a
State gov can auction non-coal mines, Andhra and Jharkhand have gold mines, Raj has iron ore mines
Bengaluru lies on a longitude closest to delhi
Civilian nuclear raectors come under IAEA
Digital India aims: https://testbook.com/question-answer/which-of-the-following-isare-the-aimaims-of-quo--5f3558fe34094e0d0fe6d4c0#:~:text=Digital%20India%20aims%20to%20provide,of%20Services%2C%20Information%20for%20All%2C
Aleppo - Syria, Kirkuk-Iraq, Mosul - Iraq, Mazar-i-sharif-Afghanistan
Sixth mass exinction: Anthropogenic
Solar power production in India: https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-solar-power-production-in-india--5f3643ec73b04f4bb8d90a7b
Kodaikanal(TN): artificial lake
Consequences of heavy sand mining: Increased salinity, groundwater pollution, lowering of water table
Air india nationalised: 1953, Imperial bank renamed SBI: 1955, First democratically elected communist gov: 1957, Goa liberated: 1961
Public sector banks: https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-the-governance-of-public-sector--5f36bbe7d334a70d14418f04
2019
Tobacco, cocoa and rubber introduced by new world to old world
PVTGs https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statements-about-particular--5f33cedbd94e610d14c0bf33
United nation convention against corruption and united nation convention against transnational organised crime (Definitions were interchanged)
Indian patents act: biological process can not be patented, India has intellectual property appelate board, plant varieties are not eligible to be patented
Industrial employment central rule 2018: https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statementsas-per-the-ind--5f33d54e7e0bf80d10d5568e
Sand is a minor mineral: https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-the-management-of-minor-minerals--5f34df895dda480d0c53bdd5
Asian Infrastructure Investment bank: >80 members, China largest shareholder followed by India
Petroleum and natural gas regulatory board: not 1st regulatory board, appeals against it go to appelate tribunals for electricity
Maternity benefit act 2017: 3 mont pre and 3 month post delivery paid leave, min 6 creche visits daily, women with 2 children reduced entitlements
Social capital: mutual trust and harmony in society
2020
Aadhar https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statements1-aadhaar-met--5fc9cca577637ff388fa9e7a
Public key infrastructure: Digital security infrastructure
IAEA safeguards: some are imported uranium and others use domestic supplies
Cyber insurenace does not include cost of a new computer if some miscreant wilfully damages it, if proved so
In rural road construction, ehich ensures environment sustainability: Copper slag, Geotextiles, and Cold mix asphalt technology
Solar power can be used for running surface pumps and submersible pumps, centrifugal pumps and piston
2021
All casual workers: are entitled to for EPF coverage, are entitled for regular working hours & overtime payment, gov can notify regarding pay wages
answer/with-reference-to-watercredit-consi--6162b9fe0ee9eaaf6a0b4863
Water credit:
R2 code of practices: environmentally responsible practices in electronics recycling industry
ST francis xavier https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statements-1-st-f--6162b444b469bc2e3b768a17
2022
India member of: AIIB, SCO, MTCR
Vietnam: one of fastest growing economies, growth linked to integration with global supply chain, low labour cost and stable exchange have attracted manufacturers
Coal controller organisation: Major source of coal statistics in gov in india, monitors progress of development of captive coal/lignite blocks, hears any gov objection to gov notification
United nations credentials committee: set up by UNGA, assesses credentials of all UN members before submitting report to general assembly, meets in Nov
UNGA: Can grant observer status to non-member states, intergovernmental organisations can seek observer status in UNGA, Permanent observers in UNGA can maintain missions at UN HQ
United nation convention on the law of the sea: Exclusive economic zone not beyond 200 nautical miles, coastal state can establish territorial sea upto 12 nautical miles, all states have right to innocent passage
 2011
New start treaty
Aam aadmi bima yojna
Brent crude oil: Sourced from north sea, contains sulhur
Person with disabilities: benefits for them-free schooling upto 18 in gov schools, preferential allotment of land for business
Mega food park: Purpose (not to provide emerging and ecofriendly food processing technologies to entrepreneurs)
MNREGA eligibilty: adult member (18+) of any household
Australia group and wassenar arrangement
IMF can grant laon only to member countries
2012
National water mission
Consumer right in consumer protection act
NRHM: Jobs of ASHA worker: dont conduct delivery of baby
NRLM: targets
Multi dimensional poverty index: criteria is education, health, living standard, employment
Policy initiatives of GOI for promotion of manufacturing sector
Janani suraksha yojana
2014
Drought prone area management and desert development programme under ministry of rural development, National watershed development project - ministry of agri
Bombay natural history society - an NGO
BRICS first summit
Diseases eradicated from India - Small pox
Arab spring - Tunisia
Arctic council members
Chechnya - Russia, Darfur-south sudan, swat valley - Pak
Agni IV properties
World economic outlook - IMF
2015
PMJDY - Financial inclusion
Fortaleza declaration-BRICS
Ebola virus - Guinea, sieraa leone, liberia
Global economic prospects - World bank
Peace clause and agrrement on the application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures - WTO
Indira Gandhi peace prize to ISRO
IndARC is an underwater observatory to scientifically study the arctic region
Beijing declaration and platform for action - women empowerment convened by UN
H1N1 virus - Swine flu
GI tag - Banares brocades and sarees, Tirupathi ladoo
2016
Rashtriya garima abhiyan - eradicate manual scavenging and rehabilitate them
Organisation for prohibition of chemical weapons - hague based autonomous body estd 1997
National ganga river basin authority - river basin is unit of planning, conservation efforts at national level, PM chairman
Stand up India scheme - Promote enterpreneurship among SC/ST/Wpmen, SIDBI does refinancing
India-Africa summit - started in 2008 and then every 3 to 4 yesars, third one in 2015
INS Astradharini - torpedo launch and recovery vessel commissioned in oct 2015
SWAYAM - providing affordable and quality education to students for free
Atal pension yojana - 18-40, 1000 to 5000 on attaining 60+, unorganised sector, same pension to spouse on subscribers death
International solar alliance - launched at UNCCC 2015
Rajasthan proposed to construct artificial island connecting with sea
Sustainable development goals -first in 2012 at rio de janerio by UNCSD adopted in 2015 by UN, needs to be achieved by 2030
Globar hunger index by IFPRI uses undernourishment, child stunting and child mortality
UDAY - providing for financial turnaround and revival of power distribution companies
Amber box, blue box - WTO affairs
Communities in news and their region-----kurd-iran, madhesi -nepal, rohingya-myanmar
PMFBY
Project loon - wireless communication technology
Ease of doing business - world bank
Trans pacific partnership - signed in 2016 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Partnership#/media/File:Trans-Pacific_Partnership_status.svg
11 mtrs height banana plant+orange pulp - Andaman island
Greased lightning 10 - electric plane tested by nasa
Indias first national investing and manufacturing zone was proposed at Andhra pradesh
BRICS: New development bank, HQ Sanghai
Gulf cooperation coucil: Saudi, UAE, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Bahrain
Belt and road initiative: China
Pradhan mantri MUDRA yojana: bringing the small entrepreneurs into formal financial system
Global financial stability report: IMF
RCEP: ASEAN
BEE star label: ceiling fans, electric geysers, tubular fluoroscent lamps
Maharashtra declared state butterfly
Man who knew infinity movie: S.Ramanujan
2017
Global gender gap index - WEF
Smart India hackathon - Initiative to identify new digital technology innovation for solving many problems
Digital single market strategy: EU
Domestic content requirement: developing solar power production in India
National pension system - https://testbook.com/question-answer/who-among-the-following-can-join-the-national-pens--5f3a29e626ea9d0d0b0ae0fe#:~:text=All%20citizens%20of%20India%20between,%2DSP)%20can%20join%20NPS.
Asia pacific ministerial conference on housing and development: https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-asia-pacific-ministerial-co--5f3a32c026ea9d0d0b0b5e68
National investment and infrastructure fund: https://testbook.com/question-answer/with-reference-to-national-investment-and-inf--5f3a3a013cf78a0d0b101c28
NPCI helps in financial inclusion, launched RuPay card
2018
NSSO 70th survey of agricultural households: https://testbook.com/question-answer/as-per-the-nsso-70thround-situation-as--5f353a6a761c1c0d0e3ff8c0
Rule of law index: World justice report
Two state solutions: Israel
India enacted GI goods act to complt with WTO
ILO convention 138 and 182 ar related to child labour
THAAD : american anti-missile system
Wanna cry, eternal blue, petya are cyber attacks
PMKVY: Ministry of skill and development
2019
Global competiveness report: World economic forum
Atal innovation mission-NITI aayog
Recently discovered water reservoirs in aliyar, ispaur and kangsabati
World bank's ease of doing business sub indexes
General data protection regulation: EU
Action plan for priortization and implementation of cooperation areas in nuclear field: Russia
Denisovan: early human species
2020
West texas intermediate: crude oil
2021
21st feb mother language day by UNESCO, https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statements-1-21st--6162a5cd86e6a656557ba217#:~:text=In%201999%2C%20UNESCO%20declared%2021,of%20people%20around%20the%20world.
Palm oil tree native to africa, raw material for lipstick and perfume, can be used to produce biodiesel
Halbi, Ho and Kui pertains to tribal languages
Bharat ratna and Padma awards https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statements-in-respect-of-bh--61629566430ed256e6fe8254
FAO and Arbor day foundation recently recognised hyd as tree city of the world
Laureus world sport award https://testbook.com/question-answer/consider-the-following-statements-in-respect-of-th--61629664f5175b829b13544c
32nd summer olympics motto 'a new world' and other sports were added
ICC world test championship
2022
Rajasthan has largest solar park in India, Kerala has fully solar powered international airport, Thootukodi in TN has largest floating solar photovoltaic project in India
Chad, Guinea, Lebanon, Tunisia
 Cutoff CS Forest My marks
PYQ Paper and answer key 2011 198 117
2004 file:///C:/Users/Dell/Downloads/IAS-Prelims-General-Studies-2004.pdf
https://www.vajiramandravi.com/pdf_upload/Prelim%20Qs/2011/GS_PAPER_I.pdf
2012 209 113
2011 https://www.insightsonindia.com/2012/06/09/upsc-declares-official-cut-off-and-answer-keys-for-civil-services-prelims-csat-2011-examination/
2013 241 267 113 Both paper 1 and paper 2
https://blog.iasscore.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/pap1a.pdf
2014 205 237 124 marks counted (400 marks)
2012 http://insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/csp2012_p1_ans_keys.pdf
2015 108 122 141
https://www.vajiramandravi.com/pdf_upload/Prelim%20Qs/2013/gs-1_a.pdf
2016 116 133.34 133.34
2013 https://www.insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/CSP_2013_KEYS-1.pdf
2017 105.34 121.34 138
https://www.upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/General%20studies-I.pdf
2018 98 112 122
2014 https://iasexamportal.com/ias-pre/answer-key/2014 2019 98 116 92
https://www.upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/Paper-I_1.pdf 2020 92.51 114.66 89 Only Paper 1 marks
2015 https://www.upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/CSP_15_GS_I_AKy.pdf
2021 87.54 99.66 85.33 counted (200 marks)
https://www.upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/GENERAL_STUDIES_PAPER-I.pdf
2022 95
2016 https://www.upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/CSP_16_GS_Paper_I.pdf
2023
https://www.upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/CSP-17-GS_PAPER-1-C.pdf
2017 https://www.upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/Anskey-CSP-17-GS-I.pdf
https://www.upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/QP-CSP-18-GS-I-C.pdf
2018 https://upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/AnsKey-CSP-18-Paper-I.pdf
https://upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/csp-p1.pdf
2019 https://www.upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/AnsKeyCSP-19-GS_I.pdf
https://www.upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/CSP_2020_GS_Paper-1.pdf
2020 https://upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/AnsKey-CSP-20-Paper-I-091121.pdf
https://www.upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/QP-CSP-21-GeneralStudiesPaper-I-121021.pdf
2021 https://www.upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/Anskey-CSP-21-GS-I-300522.pdf
https://www.upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/GENERAL%20STUDIES%20PAPER%20I.pdf
2022