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Boolean Logic

The document discusses Boolean logic and logical statements. It defines logical variables as variables that hold true/false values. Boolean algebra uses true and false values to analyze and design logic circuits. Truth tables represent all possible variable combinations and results. Logical operators like AND, OR, and NOT are used to process logical values. Logic gates like AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR and XNOR are basic electronic circuits that operate on inputs to produce an output. A tautology is a logical statement that is always true, while a fallacy is always false.

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Abhimanyu Jain
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14 views5 pages

Boolean Logic

The document discusses Boolean logic and logical statements. It defines logical variables as variables that hold true/false values. Boolean algebra uses true and false values to analyze and design logic circuits. Truth tables represent all possible variable combinations and results. Logical operators like AND, OR, and NOT are used to process logical values. Logic gates like AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR and XNOR are basic electronic circuits that operate on inputs to produce an output. A tautology is a logical statement that is always true, while a fallacy is always false.

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Abhimanyu Jain
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Class 11 – CS

Boolean Logic

Q. What are logical statements?


Ans. The sentences which can be determined to be true or false are called logical
statements or true functions.
The result of these statements can be TRUE or FALSE and are known as truth values.

Q. What is a logical or Boolean variable?


Ans. The variables which hold the logical value true or false / 1 or 0 / yes or no, are called
logical variables.

Q. What is Boolean algebra?


Ans. Algebra of two values, (true or false / 1 or 0 / yes or no) is called Boolean algebra. It is
an important tool to analyse, design and implement a logic circuit.

Q. What is a truth table?


Ans. Truth table represents all the possible values of logical variables / statements along
with all the possible results of the given combination of values.

Q. What are logical operators?


Ans. Operators that are use to process logical values are called logical operators. They are:
1. AND
Also know as logical multiplication. Symbol used is . (dot). X . Y is read as x AND Y.
Possible combinations are:

X Y X.Y
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

2. OR
Also known as logical addition and symbol used is +. X + Y is read as X or Y.
Possible combinations are:

X Y X+Y
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
3. NOT
Operates on single variable and operation is called complementation. It inverts the
value of the variable.

X X’
0 1
1 0

Q. What are logic gates?


Ans. A gate is a basic electronic circuit which operates on one or more input signals to
produce an output signal. There are 8 types of logic gates, categorized into 3.

1. Basic Gates
• NOT GATE / INVERTER

• OR

• AND

2. Universal Gates
• NOR (NOT + OR)
• NAND (NOT + AND)

3. Special Gates
• XOR
• XNOR

Q. What is Tautology?
Ans. If the result of any logical statement or expression is always TRUE or 1 for all input
combinations, it is called TAUTOLOGY.

Q. What is Fallacy?
Ans. If the result of any logical statement or expression is always FALSE or 0 for all input
combinations, it is called Fallacy.

Q. Prepare the truth table for


Ans.:
a) X + (X.Y)
X Y X.Y X+(X.Y)

0 0 0 0

0 1 0 0

1 0 0 1

1 1 1 1

b) (X.Y) + (Y.X)

X Y X.Y Y.X (X.Y) + (Y.X)

0 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

1 1 1 1 1
Q. The logical operations can be carried out by which of the following?
a) Values and Variables
b) Functions and Laws
c) Operators and Operands
d) None of these
Q. To denote NOT operation which of the following symbols is used?
a) bar
b) dot
c) plus
d) asterisk
Q. The dot symbol is used to represent which of the following operation?
a) AND
b) OR
c) NOT
d) NAND
Q. Which of the following are logical statements:
a) The Indian cricket team is a world champion in 2011.
b) What are the parts of the boolean function?
c) There are three types of boolean operators.
d) The NOT function can be operated on more than one Boolean function.
Q. Which of the following gate is also known as an inverter
a) AND
b) OR
c) NOT
d) NAND
Q. Which of the following gate returns a true result if both inputs are true otherwise false.
a) AND
b) OR
c) NOT
d) None of the above
Q. Which gate can be written like A & B
a) AND
b) OR
c) NOT
d) XOR

Q. Find the complement of:


𝑋̅𝑌𝑍̅ + 𝑋̅ 𝑌̅ 𝑍

= ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝑋̅𝑌𝑍̅ + 𝑋̅ 𝑌̅ 𝑍
= 𝑋𝑌̅𝑍 + 𝑋 𝑌 𝑍̅
= (𝑋 + 𝑌̅ + 𝑍) (𝑋 + 𝑌 + 𝑍̅ )

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