Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Department of Electronics Engineering
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRONICS ENGINEER

ECE 411
Modulation and Coding Techniques

Laboratory Activity No.1

Analog to Digital Converter

Prepared by:

Atienza, Jhune Mendell R.

Diaz, John Alfred P.
Ebron, Joshua Glenn A.
Encarnacion, Vince Raven C.
Endaya, Juliana Kyl L.
Levardo, Faith Angela N.
Mendoza, Carlin Josh
Solar, John Joshua Javier B.
Villareal, Isaac Miguel R.

ECE 3204

February 28, 2024

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 ABSTRACT

Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC) is a fundamental process in digital systems,

enabling the conversion of continuous analog signals into discrete digital representations. In this
experiment, we explore the performance characteristics of ETAK ADC0804 and ADC0809
integrated circuits (ICs) for analog to digital conversion. Specifically, we investigate the
differences in conversion accuracy, speed, and versatility between the multi-channel and
single-channel output configurations of these ADCs.

This laboratory activity aims to understand the real world application of converting
Analog Data to Digital and its importance. This includes studying the operational theory of
conversion, the logic behind it, and the device used for gathering data. Upon this, the theory will
be put into practice, data will be gathered, and a conclusion will be formed.

The results of the experiment provide valuable insights into the practical considerations
involved in choosing between multi-channel and single-channel ADC configurations for specific
applications. Additionally, the findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the performance
characteristics of ETAK ADC0804 and ADC0809 ICs, aiding engineers and researchers in
optimizing analog to digital conversion processes in their designs.

I. Introduction

Analog to Digital Converters are devices that perform an important role in digital
electronics, which is the conversion of analog signals into digital form. Anyone interested in
electronics must know how ADCs work because they convert data from the physical world into a
format that can be used by digital devices. This is important in many industries that require exact
digital representations of analog signals, such as environmental monitoring.

There are two types of ADCs with different qualities: the ADC0804 and ADC0809.
Simple to use and using only a +5V power source. The ADC0804 is a perfect option for low
power applications or for beginners. Multiple signals can be managed continuously using the
ADC0809 removing the need for additional components to switch between signals.
Understanding these ADCs' functions and differences can help you select the best one for your
project, simplifying the process of accurately converting analog signals to digital data.

Using these ADCs, such as the ADC0804 and ADC0809, requires mixing theory with
actual experience. This involves setting up the ADC to precisely record and convert the signals
as well as connecting it to the analog signal source and the digital system requiring the data.
Through hands-on practice with these ADCs, students will acquire a deeper understanding of

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their efficient application. This practical experience is essential for anybody willing to work in
the field of digital electronics because it facilitates the development and maintenance of analog
to digital conversion systems, improving skills in technology.

II. Objectives
● To understand the operation theory of analog to digital converter
● To Understand the operation theory and characteristics of ADC0804 and
ADC0809
● To implement the analog to digital converter by using ADC0804 and ADC0809

III. Materials

Materials Description

The ETEK DA-2000-04 enables

precise measurement, control, and
monitoring of various sensors and
ETEK DA-2000-04 devices. It is ideal for tasks like
data logging and automation in
manufacturing and research
settings.

A digital multimeter is a portable

Digital Multimeter electronic device used to measure
voltage, current, and resistance in
electrical circuits.

Used for testing and measuring

Probes electrical circuits, typically
consisting of a metal tip connected
to a handle or cable.

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 A function generator is usually a
piece of electronic test equipment
Function Generator or software used to generate
different types of electrical
waveforms over a wide range of
frequencies.

A power supply is an electrical

device that supplies electric power
to an electrical load. The main
Power Supply purpose of a power supply is to
convert electric current from a
source to the correct voltage,
current, and frequency to power
the load.

IV. Methodology

Experiment 1: ADC0804 analog to digital converter

1. Refer to figure 7-5 or ETEK DA-2000-04 module, let J1 open circuit.

2. Adjust VR, and use the digital voltage meter to measure the voltage of Vier 12 input
terminal (pin 9), then adjust VR, until Vier /2 input terminal voltage is 2.5 V. At this
moment, ADC0804 analog voltage input range starts 0 V to 5 V.

3. Adjust VRz so that the input voltage of the analog signal input terminal (which is pin
6) is 0 V.

4. Let Jl short circuit and connect to ground, then maintain the output digital signal.
Observe on the change of LED, LED "on" represents "1". LED "off' represents "0",
finally record the measured results in table 7-1.

5. Let JI open circuit, the digital output will be varied from the analog • input signal.

6. Adjust VR2, so that the input voltage of the analog signal input terminal is similar to
the values in table 7-1, then repeat step 4 and step 5.

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 0V 0.5V 1V

1.5V 2V 2.5V

3V 3.5V 4V

4.5V 5V

Figure 1. Data Gathered using ADC0804 analog to digital converter

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 The figure above depicts the hands-on execution of the experiment and incorporates
different voltages with an increment of 0.5 until it reaches to 5V which is essential to come up
with adequate and accurate results. The LED “on” represents “1” and LED “off” represents “0”.
During the laboratory experiment, we encounter difficulty in adjusting the VR to achieve the
precise voltage. As a solution, we decide to set it to the nearest value or make minor adjustments
by increasing or decreasing the VR by a maximum of 0.02V as shown in the multimeter to
ensure the stability of the LED without any flickering.

Experiment 2: ADC0809 analog to digital converter

1. Refer to figure 7-7 or ETEK DA-2000-04 module.

2. From the CLK input terminal, input a 120 kIlz frequency, 1 V amplitude, and a square
wave with 1 V offset (i.e. high is 2 V, low is 0 V).

3. Let SW3, SW and SW, switch to GND (push down the slide switch). At this moment,
the analog signal is inputted from the INo input.

4. Adjust VR, so that the input voltage of the analog signal input terminal INo is similar
to the values in table 7-2.

5. Observe the changes of LED, LED "on" represents "I", LI:D) "of" represents "0", then
record the measured results in table 7-2.

6. Calculate the output voltage of the input terminal IN, to INs. then record the measured
results in table 7-3.

7. Refer to table 7-3, by using SW3. SW and SWi, select the different input terminals (IN,
to IN7) as the analog input.

8. Observe the changes of LED, then record the measured results in table 7-3.

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 0V 0.5V 1V

1.5V 2V 2.5V

3V 3.5V 4V

4.5V 5V

Figure 2. Data Gathered using ADC0809 (Single-Channel Output)

Analog to Digital Converter

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 The figure above shows the actual execution of the experiment, involving various
voltages increasing by 0.5 up to 5V, crucial for obtaining precise and reliable results. During this
part of the experiment, a 120 kHz frequency, 1V amplitude, and a square wave with a 1V offset
were applied to the CLK terminal while all the switches were set to GND. The LED “on”
represents “1” and LED “off” represents “0”. Here, too, we run into trouble fine-tuning the VR to
get the ideal voltage. To resolve the issue, we decide to adjust the value to the nearest increment
or make small adjustments by either increasing or decreasing the VR by up to 0.02V as shown in
the multimeter to maintain the LED's stability and prevent flickering.

GND | GND | +5V GND | +5V | GND GND | +5V | +5V

+5V | GND | GND +5V | GND | +5V

+5V | +5V | GND +5V | +5V | +5V

Figure 3. Data Gathered using ADC0809 (Multi-Channel Output) Analog to Digital Converter

The figures above show the hands-on execution of the experiment and incorporate a
variety of independent variables for SW1, SW2, and SW3 which are randomly selected given

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with either +5V or GND in each variable in order to get desirable data from it. Along with this
are the results given the different settings of the switches (SW1, SW2, and SW3). The LED “on”
represents “1” and LED “off” represents “0”.

V. Results and Discussion

Digital Output
ANALOG INPUT
VOLTAGES (V) Ideal Values Experiment Values
Binary Digits Binary Digits

0.0 00000000 00000000

0.5 00011010 00011010

1.0 00110011 00110011

1.5 01001101 01001101

2.0 01100110 01100110

2.5 10000000 10000000

3.0 10011010 10011010

3.5 10110011 10110011

4.0 11001101 11001101

4.5 11100110 11100110

5 10000000 10000000

Table 1. The measured results of ADC0804

Table 1 shows the results of ADC0804 conversion of analog input voltages to digital
output values in both ideal and experimental scenarios. Each row represents a different analog
input voltage, starting from 0.0 volts up to 5.0 volts, with increments of 0.5 volts. This IC
contains 8-bit resolution, so it has 28 = 256 quantization steps. Since the IC has a single 5V
supply the reference voltage will be 5 V, therefore each step will be 5/256 = 0.01953 V. By
dividing the analog input voltages with increments of 0.5 to 0.01953V we are able to get the
experimental values. For each voltage level, there are two corresponding sets of binary digits, the
first set shows the Ideal Values binary digit and the second set shows Experimental Values binary
digit output that was actually obtained during the laboratory activity. After testing, we observed
that both the Ideal and Experimental values have the same binary digits.

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 Digital Output
ANALOG INPUT
VOLTAGES (V) Ideal Values Experiment Values
Binary Digits Binary Digits

0.0 00000000 00000000

0.5 00011010 00011010

1.0 00110011 00110011

1.5 01001101 01001101

2.0 01100110 01100110

2.5 10000000 10000000

3.0 10011010 10011010

3.5 10110011 10110011

4.0 11001101 11001101

4.5 11100110 11100110

5 10000000 10000000

Table 2. The measured results of ADC0809 single-channel output

Table 2 shows the conversion from analog voltages to 8-bit digital outputs, with input
voltages ranging from 0.0 to 5.0 volts in 0.5 volt increments. Just like the ADC0804 the
ADC0809 also operates with a 5 V single power supply and with the 8-channel multiplexer that
can directly access any of 8 single-ended analog signals, the resolution is 8-bit. Therefore, 28 =
256, since the reference voltage is also 5 V each step is equal to 5/256 = 0.01953 V. The
quantization value (Q) is 0.01953 V. By dividing the analog input voltages with increments of
0.5 to 0.01953V we are able to get the experimental values. It shows two sets of binary outputs
for each voltage, the Ideal Values and the Experimental Values. The ideal and experimental
binary outputs match perfectly across all voltage levels.

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 Analog Input Digital Output
(Ideal Value) (Experiment Value)
SW1 SW2 SW3
Input Voltage
Binary Digits
Terminal (V)

GND GND +5 V 𝐼𝑁1 4.985 11011011

GND +5 V GND 𝐼𝑁2 4.985 10110110

GND +5 V +5 V 𝐼𝑁3 4.985 10010010

+5 V GND GND 𝐼𝑁4 4.985 01101110

+5 V GND +5 V 𝐼𝑁5 4.985 01001001

+5 V +5 V GND 𝐼𝑁6 4.985 00100101

+5 V +5 V +5 V 𝐼𝑁7 4.985 00000000

Table 3. The measured results of ADC0809 multi-channel input

Table 3 shows the data from an experiment involving analog to digital conversion. There
are three switches labeled SW1, SW2, and SW3, which can be set to either GND or +5V. These
switches affect the analog input, which is consistently close to 4.985V for each input terminal;
the table lists binary digits that represent the Digital Output. The binary outputs differ to the
input terminals suggesting different switch configurations lead to different digital representations
in the experiment.

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VI. CONCLUSION

The operational theory of ADC involves discretizing the continuous analog signal into
digital values that can be accurately represented and manipulated in digital systems. The choice
of sampling rate, quantization resolution, and encoding scheme depends on factors such as the
desired accuracy, bandwidth, and signal-to-noise ratio of the conversion process.

Upon gathering the data for ADC0804 and ADC0809, it has been found out by the
researchers that both ADC0804 and ADC0809 follow a similar operational theory, utilizing
successive approximation techniques for analog-to-digital conversion.

With the data gathered and the knowledge obtained the researchers may now conclude
that using ADC0804 and ADC0809 has individual benefits of their own. But one thing that they
are similar to is the results that they acquired. They are both identical with the ideal values
calculated using the operational theory and conversion.

VII. REFERENCES

Floyd, Thomas L. "Digital Fundamentals." 11th ed., Pearson, 2015.

Horowitz, Paul, and Winfield Hill. "The Art of Electronics." 3rd ed., Cambridge University
Press, 2015.

https://www.electronicshub.org/introduction-to-adc0804/

https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/working-with-adc0809

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