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Generator-Protection-Functions-And-Test-Methods-Part 1

This document provides an overview of generator protection functions and test methods. It discusses three classes of protections: Class A covers faults within the generating unit that require tripping the generator breaker, field breaker and turbine; Class B covers mechanical protections that trip the turbine first, followed by the generator on reverse/low power; Class C covers system faults that trip only the generator breaker. It then describes protections for insulation failures, abnormal running conditions, and generator transformer protections. Testing methods are provided for the differential protection and other key protections.

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32 views4 pages

Generator-Protection-Functions-And-Test-Methods-Part 1

This document provides an overview of generator protection functions and test methods. It discusses three classes of protections: Class A covers faults within the generating unit that require tripping the generator breaker, field breaker and turbine; Class B covers mechanical protections that trip the turbine first, followed by the generator on reverse/low power; Class C covers system faults that trip only the generator breaker. It then describes protections for insulation failures, abnormal running conditions, and generator transformer protections. Testing methods are provided for the differential protection and other key protections.

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engineering.arian
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© © All Rights Reserved
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GENERTOR

PROTECTION
FUNCTIONS AND
TEST METHODS

Created by:

VASUMURUGAN.R
SPD-VEPL.
GENERATOR PROTECTION FUNCTIONS AND TEST
METHODS
AN OVER VIEW OF GENERATOR SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM:

Generator Protections are broadly classified into three types.

CLASS – A :- This covers all electrical protections for faults within the generating unit in which
generator field breaker, generator breaker and turbine should be tripped.

CLASS – B:- This covers all mechanical protections of the turbine in which turbine will be tripped
first and following this generator will trip on reverse power / low forward power
protections.

CLASS – C:- This covers electrical protection for faults in the system in which generator will be
unloaded by tripping of generator breaker only. The unit will come to house load
operation and the UAT will be in service. Various protections of this class are:

220 KV (HV side of Generator Transformer) busbar protections.


Generator Transformer HV side breaker pole discrepancy.
Generator negative phase sequence protection
Generator Transformer over current / Earth fault protection
Reverse power protection without turbine trip.

2
PROTECTION FUNTIONS:

I - For insulations failures

Differential
Inter-turn fault
Stator Earth Fault (95% & 100%)
Rotor Earth fault (2 Stage)

II – For abnormal running conditions

Loss of excitation (field failure)


Unbalanced loading (negative phase sequence)
Pole sleeping
Over frequency/Over speed
Over voltage
Reverse/Forward power
Impedance/Over current back-up protection, etc…

III – For Generator transformer protections

Differential protection

Bias test

2nd harmonics restrained.

REF protection

3
FOR INSULATION FAILURES PROTECTIONS:
1. GENERATOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION (87 G): -

It is unit type protection, covering the stator winding for phase to phase faults due to breakdown of
insulation between stator phase windings. This relay is not sensitive for single line to earth faults as the
earth fault current is limited due to the high neutral earthing resistance. If CTs of identical ratios are used
on neutral and line side of generator, an operating current setting of 20% it can be adopted. It is
instantaneous in operation and it trips the generator breaker (Class – A) to eliminate the system in – feed to
the fault along with field breaker and turbines.

For all machines of ratings 10 MVA and above, this protection shall be provided.

Diagram:

Settings:
Pickup Value of Differential Current : 0.10 I/InO
T I-DIFF> Time Delay : 0.00 sec
Pickup Value of High Set Trip : 2.0 I/InO
T I-DIFF>> Time Delay : 0.00 sec
Testing Method:

a) Differential Pick Up Test:

Side 2 (Generator Neutral Side)


Phase Set value I/In cal optd value set time (s) Optd trip
diff > value(Amps) (Amps) time(ms)
R-N 0.1 0.41 0.41 0.0 36
Y-N 0.1 0.41 0.41 0.0 34
B-N 0.1 0.41 0.41 0.0 37

Side 1 (Generator Terminal Side)


phase set value I/In cal value optd value set time (s) optd trip
diff > (Amps) (Amps) time(ms)
R-N 0.1 0.41 0.41 0.0 38

Y-N 0.1 0.41 0.41 0.0 36

B-N 0.1 0.41 0.41 0.0 36

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