Lecture1 Multimedia

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About the course – Administrivia Instructor:
Prof. Roushdi M. Farouk

Ass. Prof. Osama Farouk
Dr. Sara Ibrahim
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Text Book:
Fundamentals of Multimedia 3
Assessment Methods
• Midterm Exam(30).
• Class Work : (40).
• Final exam (30).
• Total (100).
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Fundamentals of Multimedia
Lecture 1 - Introduction to Multimedia
Objectives
To provide an overview to the subject.
To describe a number of fundamental concepts.
Lecture Outlines
What is multimedia?
History of Multimedia
Multimedia information / System
Characteristics of Multimedia Systems
Key Issues for Multimedia Systems
Components of a Multimedia System
Classification of Multimedia Systems
Text , Hypermedia, Images, Video, Audio, Graphics
Inherent Qualities of Multimedia Data
Multimedia Applications
Multimedia Revolution
What is multimedia?
Multi- means many; “much”; “multiple”
Medium means: “medium”
An intervening substance through which something is transmitted
or carried on.
A means of mass communication such as newspaper, magazine, or
television.
Multimedia is woven combinations of text, graphic art,
sound, animation, video and other kinds of elements.
Sample projects include: Newspapers, advertisements,
libraries, websites, e-learning, user-interface design…etc.
What is multimedia?
Multimedia has “multiple means” by which
information is stored, transmitted, presented
and perceived.
A Multimedia Application is an
application which uses a collection of
multiple media sources e.g. text, graphics,
images, sound/audio, animation and/or
video.
Multimedia definition:
Consists of all applications that involve
a combined use of different kinds
of media such as text, graphics, photos
audio, video and animation.
Multimedia information / System
Multimedia information can be defined as information

that consists of one or more different media types.
consists of text, audio, video, 2D graphics, and 3D
graphics, animation.
Multimedia System is a system capable of processing

multimedia data and applications.
Multimedia System is characterized by the processing,
storage, generation, manipulation and rendition of
Multimedia information.
Characteristics of Multimedia Systems
In terms of computing, a multimedia system has four basic characteristics :

Digitized: All media including audio/video are represented in digital
format.
Distributed: The information conveyed is remote, either pre-
produced and stored or produced in real time, distributed over
networks.
Interactive: It is possible to affect the information received, and
send own information, in a non-trivial way beyond start, stop, fast
forward.
Integrated: The media are treated in a uniform way, presented in
an orchestrated way, but are possible to manipulate independently.
Key Issues for Multimedia Systems
Three main processes inherent to multimedia systems:

Content creation or authoring:
Capturing, digitization, rendering, and filtering.
Storage and compression:
Available storage medium and the size of stored media.
Distribution:
How multimedia content is distributed.
Now let us consider the Components (Hardware and Software)

required for a multimedia system:
1) Capture devices:
Video Camera, Video Recorder, Audio Microphone, Keyboards, mic,
graphics tablets, 3D input devices, tactile sensors, VR devices.
Digitizing/Sampling Hardware
2) Storage Devices :
Hard disks, CD-ROMs, Zip drives, DVD, etc
3) Communication Networks:
Ethernet, ATM, Intranets, Internets
4) Computer Systems:
Multimedia Desktop machines, Workstations, MPEG/VIDEO/DSP
Hardware
5) Display Devices:
CD-quality speakers, HDTV, SVGA, Hi-Res monitors, Colour printers
etc.
Depending on the application, multimedia systems can be

classified in a variety of ways, such as
interaction style,
the number of users,
when the content is live, and so on.
Static versus dynamic
Static (Discrete Media) : text, image, graphics
Dynamic (Continuous Media) : audio, video, animation
Real time versus Orchestrated

Real-time multimedia: refers to
applications in which multimedia data
has to be delivered and rendered in
real time; it can he broadly classified
into interactive multimedia and
streaming media.
• For example: video conferencing
Orchestrated multimedia: Capture and/or generation of

information done be retrieving stored objects.
• For example: Lecture Presentations.
Linear versus nonlinear

Linear multimedia: information is read or viewed in a continuous sequence.
• For example: reading an eBook or watching a video.
Nonlinear multimedia: you would have to make use of links that map one
part of the data to another.
• For example: hypertext.
Person-to-machine versus person-to-person

Person-to-machine : In this case, the classification is based
on whether the end user is interacting with a machine.
• For example: playing a CD- ROM game
person-to-person: is based on whether the end user is

interacting with another person.
• For example: videoconferencing
Single user, peer-to-peer, peer-multi-peer, and broadcast.
Here, the manner of information distribution is used as a

means to classify a multimedia system. You might have a
single-user scenario such as browsing the Web, or it could
be a peer-to-peer scenario when the information is
exchanged from one person/computer to another, for
example two friends instant messaging over the Internet.
A peer-to-multi peer scenario extends the paradigm to
sending messages to a limited set of intended viewers such
as in a chat room. Broadcasting is the most general-purpose
scenario, where information is sent not to any specific
listener(s) but available to all those who want to listen, such
as television and radio broadcasts.
Text
Text has been commonly used to express information not

just today but from the early days.
Hypertext is a text which contains links to other texts,
allowing nonlinear access to information.
Hypermedia
Hypermedia is not constrained to be text-based. It can include
other media, e.g., graphics, images.
For Example : The World Wide Web (WWW)
Images
Images : Consists of a set of units called pixels organized
in the form of a two dimensional array, Each pixel has a bit
depth. (a grid of pixels).
Bit depth: The number of bits assigned to each pixel.
Video
Video : A sequence of images (frames)
having the same spatial parameters.
The frame rate (fps): Number of
frames displayed per second.
Aspect ratio : A common aspect
ratio for video is 4:3, which defines
the ratio of the width to height.
Scanning format: Scanning helps
convert the frames of video into a
one dimensional signal for
broadcast.
Audio
Digital audio is characterized by a sampling rate in Hertz, A
sample can be defined as an individual unit of audio information.
Sampling rate: Sample size: How How often the samples are
taken (measured in kilohertz, or thousands of samples per
second.
many numbers are used to represent the value of each
sample, 8-bits to 16-bits depending on the application.
Dimensionality : The number of channels contained in the
signal.
Graphics
2D/ 3D graphic elements are represented by

2D/3D vector coordinates.
Have properties such as a fill color, boundary
thickness, and so on.
Inherent Qualities of Multimedia Data
Nature of media (analogue or digital).

Our concern is the digital form.
Voluminous.
Concerning with the size of data resulting from
combining different types of media.
Interactive.
Interacting with multimedia content.
Real time and synchronization
transmitting multimedia at a real time.
Multimedia Applications
Examples of Multimedia Applications include:
World Wide Web www
Hypermedia Courseware
Video Conferencing
Video-on-demand
Interactive TV
Groupware
Home Shopping
Games
Virtual Reality
Digital video editing and production systems
Multimedia Revolution
What is the main reasons of this revolution?
Digitization of virtually any and every device.
Digitization of libraries of information.
Evolution of communication and data networks.
New algorithms for compression.
Better hardware performance.
Smarter user interface paradigms to view/interact with
multimedia information.
Standardizations.

Lecture1 Multimedia

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Lecture1 Multimedia

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1

About the course – Administrivia Instructor:

Prof. Roushdi M. Farouk

• Class Work : (40).

• Final exam (30).

Lecture 1 - Introduction to Multimedia

Multimedia information can be defined as information

Multimedia System is a system capable of processing

In terms of computing, a multimedia system has four basic characteristics :

Three main processes inherent to multimedia systems:

Now let us consider the Components (Hardware and Software)

Depending on the application, multimedia systems can be

Static versus dynamic

Static (Discrete Media) : text, image, graphics

Dynamic (Continuous Media) : audio, video, animation

Real time versus Orchestrated

Orchestrated multimedia: Capture and/or generation of

Linear versus nonlinear

Person-to-machine versus person-to-person

person-to-person: is based on whether the end user is

Single user, peer-to-peer, peer-multi-peer, and broadcast.

Here, the manner of information distribution is used as a

Text has been commonly used to express information not

2D/ 3D graphic elements are represented by

Nature of media (analogue or digital).

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