1. Write a C++ program for swapping values of two variables using call by reference.

#include <iostream>
#include<conio.h>
void swap(int &a, int &b) {
int temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
}
int main() {
int x, y;
cout << "Enter the first number: ";
cin >> x;
cout << "Enter the second number: ";
cin >> y;

cout << "Before swapping: x = " << x << ", y = " << y << endl;
swap(x, y);
cout << "After swapping: x = " << x << ", y = " << y << endl;

return 0;
}
2. Write a C++ program to read two float numbers. Perform arithmetic binary operations like +,
- , *, / on these numbers using Inline Function. Display resultant value with a precision of two
digits
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

inline float add(float a, float b) {

return a + b;
}
inline float subtract(float a, float b) {
return a - b;
}
inline float multiply(float a, float b) {
return a * b;
}
inline float divide(float a, float b) {
return a / b;
}
int main() {
float num1, num2;

std::cout << "Enter first number: ";

std::cin >> num1;
 std::cout << "Enter second number: ";
std::cin >> num2;

float sum = add(num1, num2);

float difference = subtract(num1, num2);
float product = multiply(num1, num2);
float quotient = divide(num1, num2);

std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2);

std::cout << "Sum: " << sum << std::endl;
std::cout << "Difference: " << difference << std::endl;
std::cout << "Product: " << product << std::endl;
std::cout << "Quotient: " << quotient << std::endl;

return 0;
}
3. Write a C++ program to calculate and display perimeter as well as area of a square by using
Inline function.
#include<iostream.h>
inline int calculatePerimeter(int side) {
return 4 * side;
}
inline int calculateArea(int side) {
return side * side;
}
int main() {
int side;
cout << "Enter the side length of the square: ";
cin >> side;
int perimeter = calculatePerimeter(side);
int area = calculateArea(side);
cout << "Perimeter of the square: " << perimeter << endl;
cout << "Area of the square: " << area << endl;
return 0;
}
4. Write a C++ program to calculate area of cone, sphere and circle by using function
overloading.
Cone pi*r*(r+len) sphere 4*pi*r*r circle pi*r*r
#include <iostream.h>
#include <cmath>
const double PI = 3.14;
double calculateArea(double radius) {
return PI * pow(radius, 2);
}

double calculateArea(double radius, bool isSphere) {

if (isSphere) {
return 4 * PI * pow(radius, 2);
}
return calculateArea(radius);
}

double calculateArea(double radius, double height) {

return PI * radius * (radius + sqrt(pow(height, 2) + pow(radius, 2)));
}

int main() {
double radius, height;
cout << "Enter the radius of the circle: ";
cin >> radius;
cout << "Area of the circle: " << calculateArea(radius) << endl;

cout << "Enter the radius of the sphere: ";

cin >> radius;
cout << "Area of the sphere: " << calculateArea(radius, true) << endl;

cout << "Enter the radius and height of the cone (space-separated): ";
cin >> radius >> height;
cout << "Area of the cone: " << calculateArea(radius, height) << endl;

return 0;
}
5. Create a class Person that contains data members as Person_Name, City, Mob_No.
Write a C++ program to perform following functions:
i) To accept and display Person information
ii)To search the mobile number of a given person
iii)To search the Person details of a given mobile number
#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
#include<conio.h>
class person
{
char name[20];
char city[15];
long mobno;
public:
void getdata()
 {
cout<<"person name";
cin>>person name;
cout<<"city name";
cin>>city name;
cout<<"mobileno";
cin>>mobno;
}
void display()
{
cout<<"\n person name"<<name;
cout<<"\n city name"<<city;
cout<<"\n mobile number"<<mobno;
}
void search(char n[])
{
if(strcmp(name,n)==0)
{
cout<<"\n person name"<<name;
cout<<"\n city name"<<city;
cout<<"\n mobile number"<<mobno;

}
}
void search(long mobileno)
{
if(mobno==mobileno)
{
cout<<"\n person name"<<name;
cout<<"\n city name"<<city;
cout<<"\n mobile number"<<mobno;

}
}
};
void main()
{
int n;
long mobno;
char name[20];
int ch;
person*p;
clrscr();
cout<,"\n nter how many records o be entered:";
cin>>n;
p=new.person[n];
while(1)
{
cout<<"\n 1.enter records"
cout<<"\n 2.display records"
cout<<"\n 3.search mobileno"
cout<<"\n 4.search name by long mobno"
cout<<"\n 5.exit"
cout<<"\n enter your choice";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
p[i].getdata();
}
break;
case 2:
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
p[i].display();
}
break;
case 3:
cout<<"person name"
cin>>name;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
p[i].search(name);
}
break;
case 4:
cout<<"enter mobno of person t be sarched";
cin>>mobno;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
p[i].search(mobno);
}
break;
case 5:
exit(0);
}
getch();

}
}
6. Write a C++ program to create a class Worker with data members as Worker_Name,
No_of_Hours_worked, Pay_Rate. Write necessary member functions to calculate and display
the salary of worker. (Use default value for Pay_Rate)
#include <iostream.h>
class Worker {
private:
string Worker_Name;
int No_of_Hours_worked;
double Pay_Rate;

public:
Worker(string name, int hours, double rate = 10.0) {
Worker_Name = name;
No_of_Hours_worked = hours;
Pay_Rate = rate;
}

double calculateSalary() {
return No_of_Hours_worked * Pay_Rate;
}

void displayDetails() {
cout << "Worker Name: " << Worker_Name << endl;
cout << "No. of Hours Worked: " << No_of_Hours_worked << endl;
cout << "Pay Rate: " << Pay_Rate << " per hour" << endl;
cout << "Salary: " << calculateSalary() << endl;
}
};

int main() {
string name;
int hours;
double rate;

cout << "Enter Worker Name: ";

getline(cin, name);

cout << "Enter No. of Hours Worked: ";

cin >> hours;
 cout << "Enter Pay Rate (or press Enter for default): ";
cin.ignore();
string rateInput;
getline(cin, rateInput);

if (rateInput.empty()) {
Worker worker(name, hours);
worker.displayDetails();
} else {
rate = stod(rateInput);
Worker worker(name, hours, rate);
worker.displayDetails();
}

return 0;
}
7. Class person with data members name, address, salary, tax_amt. Calculate tax_amt by
checking salary of the person
i)salary<=5,00,000 then tax_rate=0
ii) salary>5,00,000 and <=10,00,000 then tax_rate=5% of salary
iii)salary>=10,00,000 then tax_rate=10% of salary
#include <iostream.h>
class Person {
public:
string name;
string address;
double salary;
double tax_amt;

void calculateTax() {
if (salary <= 500000) {
tax_amt = 0;
} else if (salary <= 1000000) {
tax_amt = 0.05 * salary;
} else {
tax_amt = 0.10 * salary;
}
}
};

int main() {
Person p;

cout << "Enter name: ";

 getline(cin, p.name);
cout << "Enter address: ";
getline(cin, p.address);
cout << "Enter salary: ";
cin >> p.salary;

p.calculateTax();
cout << "\nDetails:\n";
cout << "Name: " << p.name << endl;
cout << "Address: " << p.address << endl;
cout << "Salary: " << p.salary << endl;
cout << "Tax Amount: " << p.tax_amt << endl;

return 0;
}
8. Create a C++ class Time which contains data members as: Hours, Minutes and Seconds.Write
necessary member functions: Do following using(object as argument)
i)To accept a time
ii) To display time in format like: hh:mm:ss
iii) To find difference between two times and display it in format hh:mm:ss
#include<iostream.h>
class Time {
private:
int hours;
int minutes;
int seconds;

public:
void acceptTime() {
cout << "Enter hours: ";
cin >> hours;
cout << "Enter minutes: ";
cin >> minutes;
cout << "Enter seconds: ";
cin >> seconds;
}

void displayTime() {
cout << hours << ":" << minutes << ":" << seconds << endl;
}

void calculateDifference(Time t1, Time t2) {

int totalSeconds1 = t1.hours * 3600 + t1.minutes * 60 + t1.seconds;
int totalSeconds2 = t2.hours * 3600 + t2.minutes * 60 + t2.seconds;
 int diffSeconds = abs(totalSeconds2 - totalSeconds1);

hours = diffSeconds / 3600;

minutes = (diffSeconds % 3600) / 60;
seconds = (diffSeconds % 3600) % 60;
}
};

int main() {
Time t1, t2, diffTime;

cout << "Enter first time: ";

t1.acceptTime();

cout << "Enter second time: ";

t2.acceptTime();

cout << "First time: ";

t1.displayTime();

cout << "Second time: ";

t2.displayTime();

diffTime.calculateDifference(t1, t2);

cout << "Time difference: ";

diffTime.displayTime();

return 0;
}
9. Write a C++ program to create class student with data members roll_no, name, marks.
Write member functions to accept and display n student details.(Use dynamic memory
allocation)
#include <iostream.h>
class Student {
private:
int roll_no;
string name;
float marks;

public:
void acceptDetails() {
cout << "Enter Roll No: ";
cin >> roll_no;
 cout << "Enter Name: ";
cin >> name;
cout << "Enter Marks: ";
cin >> marks;
}

void displayDetails() {
cout << "Roll No: " << roll_no << ", Name: " << name << ", Marks: " << marks << endl;
}
};

int main() {
int n;
cout << "Enter the number of students: ";
cin >> n;

Student* students = new Student[n];

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

cout << "Enter details for student " << i+1 << ":" << endl;
students[i].acceptDetails();
}

cout << "\nDetails of students:" << endl;

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
students[i].displayDetails();
}

delete[] students;

return 0;
}
10. Write program to create class product with data members product_id, product_name, qty, price.
Write member functions to accept and display product information also display the number of objects
created for product class (use static data member and static member function)
#include<iostream.h>
class Product {
private:
static int objectCount;
int product_id;
string product_name;
int qty;
float price;
public:
Product() {
product_id = 0;
product_name = "";
qty = 0;
price = 0.0;
objectCount++;
}

Product(int id, string name, int quantity, float cost) {

product_id = id;
product_name = name;
qty = quantity;
price = cost;
objectCount++;
}

void acceptProductInfo() {
cout << "Enter Product ID: ";
cin >> product_id;
cout << "Enter Product Name: ";
getline(cin, product_name);
cout << "Enter Quantity: ";
cin >> qty;
cout << "Enter Price: $";
cin >> price;
}

void displayProductInfo() {
cout << "Product ID: " << product_id << endl;
cout << "Product Name: " << product_name << endl;
cout << "Quantity: " << qty << endl;
cout << "Price: $" << price << endl;
}

static int getObjectCount() {

return objectCount;
}
};

int Product::objectCount = 0;

int main() {
Product product1, product2;
 cout << "Enter details for Product 1:\n";
product1.acceptProductInfo();

cout << "\nEnter details for Product 2:\n";

product2.acceptProductInfo();

cout << "\nProduct 1 Information:\n";

product1.displayProductInfo();
cout << "\nProduct 2 Information:\n";
product2.displayProductInfo();

cout << "\nTotal Number of Products: " << Product::getObjectCount() << endl;

return 0;
}
11. Write a c++ program to calculate maximum of two integer numbers of two different classes
using friend function
#include<iostream.h>
class B;
class A {
private:
int numA;

public:
A() {
cout << "Enter value for numA: ";
cin >> numA;
}

friend int maxNum(A, B);

};

class B {
private:
int numB;

public:
B() {
cout << "Enter value for numB: ";
cin >> numB;
}

friend int maxNum(A, B);

};

int maxNum(A objA, B objB) {

return (objA.numA > objB.numB) ? objA.numA : objB.numB;
}

int main() {
A objA;
B objB;
int max = maxNum(objA, objB);
cout << "Maximum number is: " << max << endl;

return 0;
}

12. Write a C++ program to create two classes Class1 and Class2. Each class contains one float
data member. Write following functions:
i.To accept float numbers
ii. To display float numbers in right justified format with precision of two digits
iii.To Exchange the private values of both these classes by using Friend function
#include <iostream.h>
class Class2; class Class1 {
private:
float number1;

public:
void acceptFloat() {
std::cout << "Enter a float for Class1: ";
std::cin >> number1;
}

void displayFloat() {
std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << std::right << std::setw(10) << number1 <<
std::endl;
}
friend void exchangeValues(Class1& obj1, Class2& obj2);
};

class Class2 {
private:
float number2;

public:
void acceptFloat() {
 std::cout << "Enter a float for Class2: ";
std::cin >> number2;
}

void displayFloat() {
std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << std::right << std::setw(10) << number2 <<
std::endl;
}
friend void exchangeValues(Class1& obj1, Class2& obj2);
};
void exchangeValues(Class1& obj1, Class2& obj2) {
float temp = obj1.number1;
obj1.number1 = obj2.number2;
obj2.number2 = temp;
}

int main() {
Class1 obj1;
Class2 obj2;
obj1.acceptFloat();
obj2.acceptFloat();
std::cout << "\nValues before exchange:\n";
std::cout << "Class1: ";
obj1.displayFloat();
std::cout << "Class2: ";
obj2.displayFloat();
exchangeValues(obj1, obj2);
std::cout << "\nValues after exchange:\n";
std::cout << "Class1: ";
obj1.displayFloat();
std::cout << "Class2: ";
obj2.displayFloat();
return 0;
}
13. Write a C++ program using class which contains two data members of type integer. Create
and initialize the object using default constructor and parameterized constructor with
default value. Write a member function to display maximum from given two numbers for
all objects.
#include<iostream.h>
class NumberPair {
private:
int num1;
int num2;
public:
NumberPair() {
num1 = 0;
num2 = 0;
}
NumberPair(int n1 = 0, int n2 = 0) {
num1 = n1;
num2 = n2;
}

void displayMaximum() {
if (num1 > num2) {
cout << "Maximum: " << num1 << endl;
} else {
cout << "Maximum: " << num2 << endl;
}
}
};

int main() {
int num1, num2;
cout << "Enter num1: ";
cin >> num1;
cout << "Enter num2: ";
cin >> num2;

NumberPair pair(num1, num2);

pair.displayMaximum();

return 0;
}
14. Write a C++ program to create a class Integer. Write necessary member functions to
overload the operator unary pre and post increment ‘++’ for an integer number.
#include<iostream.h>
class Integer {
private:
int value;
public:
Integer(int val) : value(val) {}

Integer& operator++() {
++value;
return *this;
}
 Integer operator++(int) {
Integer temp = *this;
++(*this);
return temp;
}

void display() {
cout << "Value: " << value << endl;
}
};

int main() {
int initialValue;
cout << "Enter the initial value: ";
cin >> initialValue;
Integer num(initialValue)
cout << "Before incrementing:" << endl;
num.display();
++num;
cout << "After pre-increment:" << endl;
num.display();
num++;
cout << "After post-increment:" << endl;
num.display();
return 0;
}
15. reate a class ComplexNumber containing members as:
- real
- imaginary
Write a C++ program to calculate and display the sum of two complex numbers. (Use friend
function and return by object)
#include<iostream.h>
class ComplexNumber {
private:
float real;
float imaginary;

public:
ComplexNumber(float r, float i) : real(r), imaginary(i) {}

friend ComplexNumber addComplex(ComplexNumber c1, ComplexNumber c2);

void display() {
cout << real << " + " << imaginary << "i" << endl;
}
};

ComplexNumber addComplex(ComplexNumber c1, ComplexNumber c2) {

float realSum = c1.real + c2.real;
float imagSum = c1.imaginary + c2.imaginary;
return ComplexNumber(realSum, imagSum);
}

int main() {
float real1, imag1, real2, imag2;
cout << "Enter real and imaginary parts of first complex number: ";
cin >> real1 >> imag1;
cout << "Enter real and imaginary parts of second complex number: ";
cin >> real2 >> imag2;
ComplexNumber num1(real1, imag1);
ComplexNumber num2(real2, imag2);
ComplexNumber sum = addComplex(num1, num2);
cout << "Sum of ";
num1.display();
cout << "and ";
num2.display();
cout << "is ";
sum.display();

return 0;
}
16. Create a class for inventory of Mobile containing Model_Number, Company_Name,
Price, Stock as data members. Mobile can be sold, if stock is available, otherwise purchase will
be made. Write a C++ program to perform following functions. i. To accept and display mobile
details ii. To sale a Mobile (Sale contains Model_Number & Quantity of mobile)
iii. To Purchase a Mobile (Purchase contains Model_Number & Quantity of mobile)
#include <iostream.h>
#include <vector>
class Mobile {
public:
string Model_Number;
string Company_Name;
double Price;
int Stock;

Mobile(string model, string company, double price, int stock) {

Model_Number = model;
Company_Name = company;
Price = price;
 Stock = stock;
}

void SellMobile(int quantity) {

if (Stock >= quantity) {
Stock -= quantity;
cout << "Sold " << quantity << " " << Company_Name << " " << Model_Number << "(s)."
<< endl;
} else {
cout << "Not enough stock available for " << Company_Name << " " << Model_Number
<< "." << endl;
}
}

void PurchaseMobile(int quantity) {

Stock += quantity;
cout << "Purchased " << quantity << " " << Company_Name << " " << Model_Number <<
"(s)." << endl;
}
};

int main() {
vector<Mobile> mobileInventory;
string model, company;
double price;
int stock;
cout << "Enter Model Number: ";
cin >> model;
cout << "Enter Company Name: ";
cin >> company;
cout << "Enter Price: ";
cin >> price;
cout << "Enter Stock: ";
cin >> stock;
mobileInventory.push_back(Mobile(model, company, price, stock));
int choice;
int quantity;

do {
cout << "\nMenu:\n1. Sell Mobile\n2. Purchase Mobile\n3. Exit\n";
cout << "Enter your choice: ";
cin >> choice;
switch (choice) {
case 1:
 cout << "Enter the quantity to sell: ";
cin >> quantity;
mobileInventory[0].SellMobile(quantity);
break;
case 2:
cout << "Enter the quantity to purchase: ";
cin >> quantity;
mobileInventory[0].PurchaseMobile(quantity);
break;
case 3:
break;
default:
cout << "Invalid choice. Please try again.\n";
}
} while (choice != 3);
for (const Mobile& mobile : mobileInventory) {
cout << "Model: " << mobile.Model_Number << ", Company: " << mobile.Company_Name
<< ", Price: $" << mobile.Price << ", Stock: " << mobile.Stock << endl;
}

return 0;
}
17. Write a C++ program to create a class Part which contains data members as Part_Id,
Part_Name, Part_Price. Create and Initialize all values of Part object by using parameterized
constructor and copy constructor. Display the values of Part object. (Part_price should be right
justified with a precision of two digits)
#include <iostream.h>
#include <iomanip>
class Part {
private:
int Part_Id;
string Part_Name;
double Part_Price;

public:
Part(int id, string name, double price) : Part_Id(id), Part_Name(name), Part_Price(price) {}

Part(const Part& other) : Part_Id(other.Part_Id), Part_Name(other.Part_Name),

Part_Price(other.Part_Price) {}

void display() {
cout << "Part ID: " << Part_Id << endl;
cout << "Part Name: " << Part_Name << endl;
cout << fixed << setprecision(2) << "Part Price: " << setw(10) << Part_Price << endl;
 }
};

int main() {
int id;
string name;
double price;
cout << "Enter Part ID: ";
cin >> id;
cin.ignore(); // Clear the input buffer
cout << "Enter Part Name: ";
getline(cin, name);
cout << "Enter Part Price: ";
cin >> price;
Part part1(id, name, price);
Part part2 = part1;
cout << "Details of Part 1:" << endl;
part1.display();
cout << "\nDetails of Part 2 (Copied from Part 1):" << endl;
part2.display();

return 0;
}
18. Write a C++ program to find maximum and minimum of two integer numbers(use inline
function & conditional operator)
#include<iostream.h>
inline int findMax(int a, int b) {
return (a > b) ? a : b;
}
inline int findMin(int a, int b) {
return (a < b) ? a : b;
}

int main() {
int num1, num2;
cout << "Enter first number: ";
cin >> num1;
cout << "Enter second number: ";
cin >> num2;
cout << "Maximum: " << findMax(num1, num2) << endl;
cout << "Minimum: " << findMin(num1, num2) << endl;

return 0;
}
19. Write a C++ program to read an array of an ’n’ integer from user and display it in a reverse
order(use dynamic allocation).
#include <iostream.h>
int main() {
int n;
cout << "Enter the size of the array: ";
cin >> n;
int* arr = new int[n];
cout << "Enter " << n << " integers:" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
cin >> arr[i];
}
cout << "Array in reverse order:" << endl;
for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
cout << arr[i] << " ";
}
delete[] arr;

return 0;
}
20. Write a C++ program to find average of 3 integers and 3 float numbers (use function
overloading)
#include <iostream>
float average(int a, int b, int c) {
return (a + b + c) / 3.0;
}
float average(float x, float y, float z) {
return (x + y + z) / 3.0;
}

int main() {
int int1, int2, int3;
float float1, float2, float3;
cout << "Enter three integers: ";
cin >> int1 >> int2 >> int3;
cout << "Enter three float numbers: ";
cin >> float1 >> float2 >> float3;
float intAvg = average(int1, int2, int3);
cout << "Average of integers: " << intAvg << endl;
float floatAvg = average(float1, float2, float3);
cout << "Average of floats: " << floatAvg << endl;

return 0;
}