GETTING STARTED WITH

RANCHER

Getting Started With

Rancher
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface 1
Introduction 1
RKE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
K3s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Setting up Rancher 3
Installing Rancher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Adding a Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Managing Clusters 4
Creating a RKE Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Rancher on a K3s cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Working with Environments 7
Creating Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Switching Between Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Deploying Applications 7
Deploying Using Catalog Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Deploying Using Kubernetes Manifests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Monitoring and Scaling 7
Monitoring Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Scaling Workloads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
ETCD Backups 7
Access the Master Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Identify etcd Data Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Stop K3s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Create the Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Start K3s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Test the Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Additional Resources 8

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 GETTING STARTED WITH
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PREFACE
PREFACE Scalability is a key consideration for modern
applications, and Rancher facilitates this by
This cheatsheet is organized to guide you through managing infrastructure resources and load
key aspects of Rancher, from installation and setup balancing traffic. This ensures that applications can
to creating clusters, deploying applications, and handle increased workloads without compromising
maintaining a healthy container ecosystem. Each performance.
section provides clear instructions, command
snippets, and explanations that will help you grasp Networking capabilities are also integral to
the core concepts and master the essential tasks. Rancher’s offering. It allows users to manage
communication between containers and services
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
effectively. This includes support for overlay
networks, which simplify complex network
Getting started, Rancher is an open-source platform topologies.
with its design to simplify container management
Security is a paramount concern in container
within Kubernetes environments. It provides a
environments, and Rancher addresses this through
comprehensive suite of tools and features that
features like integration with external
streamline the deployment, orchestration, and
authentication systems and encryption for data at
scaling of containers, making it an ideal solution for
rest. These security measures enhance the overall
DevOps teams, system administrators, and
robustness of the platform.
developers.

Rancher’s versatility extends to its support for

At its core, Rancher focuses on Kubernetes cluster
custom workloads. While it emphasizes Kubernetes
management, allowing users to create, configure,
orchestration, it also accommodates other
and oversee multiple clusters across diverse cloud
container runtimes and the deployment of unique
providers or on-premises infrastructure. This multi-
application types.
cluster management capability is a key strength of
Rancher, offering a centralized point of control for
various environments and workloads. RKE

One of Rancher’s standout features is its robust Rancher Kubernetes Engine (RKE) is a powerful
user authentication and access control system. This open-source tool provided by Rancher Labs that
ensures secure access to the platform and its simplifies the process of deploying, managing, and
resources, essential for maintaining the integrity of maintaining Kubernetes clusters. RKE enables users
your containerized applications. to create production-ready Kubernetes clusters
with a user-friendly approach and a focus on
Rancher comes equipped with an application security, flexibility, and ease of use.
catalog that contains a library of pre-defined
application templates. These templates simplify the Feature Description
deployment process for complex applications,
Cluster Deployment RKE automates the
enabling users to launch them with minimal
provisioning and
configuration. Additionally, Rancher supports
configuration of
infrastructure provisioning, allowing users to set up
infrastructure and
the underlying infrastructure for their clusters
Kubernetes components
through integrations with different cloud providers.
for clusters. It’s valuable
for setting up clusters on
Monitoring and logging are crucial aspects of
various infrastructure
container management, and Rancher addresses this
providers and on-
with seamless integration with popular tools like
premises environments.
Prometheus and Grafana. This integration provides
valuable insights into application performance,
enabling proactive management and issue
resolution.

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 GETTING STARTED WITH
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Feature Description Feature Description

Configuration RKE employs a High Availability (HA) RKE enables HA clusters

Management declarative YAML by deploying multiple
configuration file to control plane nodes.
define cluster This ensures continuous
properties, including availability of the
node roles, network control plane, even in
settings, and the presence of node
authentication. This file failures.
ensures consistency and
Upgrades and RKE simplifies
reproducibility when
Maintenance Kubernetes version
creating clusters.
upgrades. It permits
Node Roles RKE supports different node replacement
node roles, like control during upgrades while
plane nodes (hosting API maintaining cluster
server and control plane availability,
components) and streamlining
worker nodes (for maintenance tasks.
application workloads).
Stateful Services RKE supports the
This customization
deployment of stateful
enables cluster
services, requiring
architecture tailored to
persistent storage. This
specific needs.
is crucial for running
Customization and RKE offers flexibility in databases and other
Flexibility customizing aspects like applications needing
networking, data persistence.
authentication
External Services RKE integrates with
providers, and plugins.
external services like
This adaptability suits a
load balancers for
wide range of use cases,
ingress, enhancing
enhancing cluster
application security and
compatibility.
efficient traffic
Security RKE prioritizes security, management.
supporting encryption
Backup and Restore RKE provides options
for communication and
for backing up and
data at rest. Integration
restoring cluster
with external
components and
authentication
configurations. This
providers enhances
capability ensures
secure access to the
recovery from potential
Kubernetes API server.
failures, safeguarding
Kubernetes Version RKE allows specifying against data loss.
Control the desired Kubernetes
version for deployment.
K3S
This is essential for
application K3s is a lightweight, certified Kubernetes
compatibility and distribution developed by Rancher Labs. It’s
staying up-to-date with designed to be efficient, easy to install, and suitable
Kubernetes releases. for resource-constrained environments. K3s is a
perfect solution for scenarios where a full-scale

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 GETTING STARTED WITH
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Kubernetes cluster might be overkill or where Feature Description

simplicity and rapid deployment are essential.
Automated Operations K3s integrates
automated tools for
Feature Description
updates and upgrades,
Lightweight and Fast K3s is optimized for reducing manual
performance and intervention. Clusters
memory efficiency, remain up-to-date
making it suitable for efficiently.
constrained
External Services Like standard
environments like edge
Integration Kubernetes, K3s
computing and IoT. It
supports external
uses fewer resources
service integration,
compared to standard
enabling load balancing,
Kubernetes clusters.
storage, and networking
Single Binary K3s is packaged as a features.
Deployment single binary containing
Local Path Provisioner K3s features a local-path
Kubernetes server and
provisioner for dynamic
components (e.g., etcd,
local storage
kube-proxy). This
provisioning. This
simplifies installation
benefits single-node or
and reduces
small clusters needing
management
persistent storage.
complexity.
Process Isolation K3s uses process
Easy Installation K3s offers
isolation to minimize
straightforward
attack vectors.
installation using a
Enhanced security is
single command. This
achieved without
accessibility benefits
compromising
users of all Kubernetes
functionality.
expertise levels.
Support for ARM K3s excels in ARM-based
Components K3s includes essential
Architectures architectures, making it
Kubernetes components:
a top choice for edge
API server, controller
devices, IoT platforms,
manager, scheduler,
and ARM-powered
kubelet, and a
servers.
lightweight container
runtime (e.g., Use Cases K3s suits diverse
containerd). scenarios, including
edge computing,
Security Focus Despite its lightweight
development
nature, K3s emphasizes
environments, testing,
security. It supports
and instances with
Docker and containerd
resource constraints or
runtimes, auto-
a focus on simplicity.
generates TLS
certificates, and
provides simplified SETTINGUP
SETTING UPRANCHER
RANCHER
RBAC, ensuring a secure
environment.
INSTALLING RANCHER

Rancher can be installed using Docker on a Linux

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 GETTING STARTED WITH
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server. Here’s a step-by-step guide: Install RKE

Install Docker if it’s not already installed: Before creating a cluster, you need to install the
RKE tool. You can download RKE from the official
GitHub repository or use a package manager like
sudo apt update brew for macOS or apt for Linux.
sudo apt install docker.io
For example, to install RKE on Linux using curl:

Run the Rancher Docker container:

curl -LO
https://github.com/rancher/rke/relea
sudo docker run -d --restart=unless ses/download/v1.3.10/rke_linux-amd64
-stopped -p 80:80 -p 443:443 chmod +x rke_linux-amd64
rancher/rancher:latest sudo mv rke_linux-amd64
/usr/local/bin/rke
Access Rancher’s web interface by navigating to
https://your-server-ip in a web browser.
Create a Cluster Configuration File

ADDING A HOST Create a YAML configuration file that describes the

cluster’s nodes, services, and other settings. This file
After installing Rancher, you’ll need to add a host to
specifies the cluster topology, authentication,
start deploying Kubernetes clusters:
network, and other important details. Here’s a basic
example:
• In the Rancher dashboard, click on "Add
Cluster."

• Choose the type of cluster you want to create nodes:

(e.g., Amazon EKS, Google GKE, Custom). - address: your-master-node-ip
• Follow the on-screen instructions to set up the user: ubuntu
cluster configuration. role:
- controlplane
In Rancher, a "host" typically refers to a physical or - etcd
virtual machine (node) that is part of a Kubernetes - address: your-worker-node-ip
cluster. These hosts provide the underlying user: ubuntu
compute resources and infrastructure where your role:
Kubernetes workloads, applications, and services
- worker
run. Hosts are essential components of your cluster,
and Rancher helps you manage them efficiently.

Generate Kubernetes Configuration

MANAGINGCLUSTERS
MANAGING CLUSTERS
Use the RKE tool to generate the Kubernetes
configuration files based on your cluster
CREATING A RKE CLUSTER
configuration. Run the following command:
Creating a Rancher Kubernetes Engine (RKE)
cluster involves a series of steps to set up and
configure the Kubernetes cluster using Rancher’s
rke config --filename cluster.yaml
RKE tool. RKE simplifies the process of deploying
and managing Kubernetes clusters. Below is a step- This will create a kube_config_cluster.yml file that
by-step guide on how to create an RKE cluster: contains the Kubernetes cluster configuration.

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 GETTING STARTED WITH
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Deploy the Cluster RANCHER ON A K3S CLUSTER

Once you have the cluster configuration, deploy the Deploying Rancher on a K3s cluster allows you to
Kubernetes cluster using the following command: manage and orchestrate Kubernetes clusters
through Rancher’s user-friendly interface. Rancher
simplifies the management of clusters, applications,
rke up --config cluster.yaml and infrastructure, making it an excellent choice
for centralizing Kubernetes operations. Here’s how
you can deploy Rancher on a K3s cluster:
This command will provision the cluster’s
infrastructure, install Kubernetes components, and
set up the cluster according to your configuration. Creating a K3s cluster

Creating a K3s cluster involves several steps to

Configure Kubeconfig
deploy a lightweight Kubernetes cluster using the
K3s tool. K3s is designed to be simple and efficient,
After the cluster is deployed, you need to configure
making the process relatively straightforward.
your kubectl tool to work with the new cluster.
Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to create a K3s
Replace cluster_name with the name you provided
cluster:
in your cluster configuration:

Install K3s on the Master Node

mv kube_config_cluster.yml
You’ll need at least one node to act as the master
~/.kube/config
node. On the master node, execute the following
command to install K3s:

Verify the Cluster

curl -sfL https://get.k3s.io | sh -
You can verify the cluster’s status using the kubectl
command:
This command downloads and installs K3s. Upon
installation, K3s starts automatically and sets up the
kubectl get nodes Kubernetes components.

Retrieve the Cluster Configuration

This will display the list of nodes in your newly
created RKE cluster.
After installation, the K3s cluster configuration can
be found at /etc/rancher/k3s/k3s.yaml on the
Access the Rancher UI master node. Copy this configuration file to your
local machine:
Optionally, you can use Rancher’s UI to manage
your cluster. Install Rancher (if not already done)
and create a new cluster using the "Custom" option. scp username@master-node-
Enter the details from your cluster configuration,
ip:/etc/rancher/k3s/k3s.yaml
and Rancher will import and manage the cluster.
~/.kube/config
Keep in mind that these steps provide a basic
overview of creating an RKE cluster. Depending on Replace username with your username and master-
your requirements, you might need to adjust the node-ip with the IP address of your master node.
configuration to include additional settings such as
network plugins, authentication methods, and Access the K3s Cluster
more. Always refer to the official RKE
documentation for the most up-to-date and detailed You can now use kubectl to interact with your K3s
instructions. cluster. For example, to list nodes:

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 GETTING STARTED WITH
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Helm is like a manager for Kubernetes applications.

kubectl get nodes It helps you easily find, install, upgrade, and
manage pre-configured packages (called charts) of
Kubernetes applications. Think of it as a convenient
Join Worker Nodes
way to package and deploy software on your
Kubernetes clusters without having to manually
To add worker nodes to your K3s cluster, you’ll
write all the configuration files. It makes deploying
need to install K3s on each worker node. On each
complex applications a lot simpler.
worker node, run the following command:

# Add the Helm repository for

curl -sfL https://get.k3s.io |
Rancher
K3S_URL=https://<master-node-
helm repo add rancher-stable
ip>:6443 K3S_TOKEN=<node-token> sh -
https://releases.rancher.com/server-
charts/stable
Replace <master-node-ip> with the IP address of
your master node and <node-token> with the token # Create a namespace for Rancher
generated during the initial master node (optional)
installation. This command connects the worker kubectl create namespace cattle-
node to the master node.
system
Verifying Nodes
# Install Rancher using Helm
Back on the master node, you can verify that the helm install rancher rancher-
worker nodes have joined the cluster: stable/rancher
--namespace cattle-system
--set hostname=rancher.example.com
kubectl get nodes

Replace rancher.example.com with your actual

You should see both the master and worker nodes
domain name or IP address. This command will
listed.
deploy Rancher into the cattle-system namespace.

Using K3s
Access Rancher UI
You can now use kubectl commands to manage
After the installation is complete, you can access the
your K3s cluster, just like with any other
Rancher UI using the domain name or IP address
Kubernetes cluster.
you provided. Open your web browser and
navigate to https://rancher.example.com (use the
Install Rancher domain you configured).

Deploying Rancher on a K3s cluster allows you to

manage and orchestrate Kubernetes clusters Set Up Rancher
through Rancher’s user-friendly interface. Rancher
Follow the on-screen instructions to set up Rancher.
simplifies the management of clusters, applications,
You’ll need to set an admin password, choose an
and infrastructure, making it an excellent choice
authentication provider, and configure other
for centralizing Kubernetes operations. Here’s how
settings.
you can deploy Rancher on a K3s cluster

Rancher provides a Helm chart for deploying Add K3s Cluster

Rancher on a Kubernetes cluster. Since K3s is a
lightweight Kubernetes distribution, you can use In the Rancher UI, navigate to the "Global" view and
Helm to install Rancher. click "Add Cluster." Choose "Import an existing
cluster" and provide the kubectl configuration file

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 GETTING STARTED WITH
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for your K3s cluster (usually located at • Click "Launch" and follow the prompts to
~/.kube/config). Rancher will use this configuration configure the application.
to connect to your K3s cluster.
DEPLOYING USING KUBERNETES
Access Managed Clusters MANIFESTS

Once you’ve added the K3s cluster to Rancher, you If you have custom Kubernetes manifests, you can
can manage it through the Rancher UI. This deploy them in Rancher:
includes deploying applications, managing
workloads, monitoring, and more. • In the Rancher dashboard, navigate to the
desired cluster and environment.
WORKINGWITH
WORKING WITHENVIRONMENTS
ENVIRONMENTS
• Click on "Workloads" in the main menu.

• Click "Deploy."
CREATING ENVIRONMENTS
• Choose "Deploy YAML" and paste your
Environments in Rancher allow you to logically Kubernetes manifest.
organize your applications and services. To create
• Click "Continue" and adjust any settings as
an environment:
needed before deploying.

• In the Rancher dashboard, go to the cluster

MONITORINGAND
MONITORING ANDSCALING
SCALING
where you want to create the environment.

• Click on "Environments" and then "Add

Environment." MONITORING APPLICATIONS

• Provide a name and description for the Rancher provides monitoring capabilities through
environment. integration with tools like Prometheus and Grafana.
To set up monitoring:
• Click "Create."

• In the Rancher dashboard, navigate to the

SWITCHING BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTS desired cluster and environment.

Switching between environments in Rancher is • Click on "Monitoring" in the main menu.

straightforward: • Follow the prompts to enable monitoring for
your applications.
• In the Rancher dashboard, locate the current
environment’s name at the top.
SCALING WORKLOADS
• Click on the environment’s name, then select
the desired environment from the dropdown. Scaling workloads in Rancher is easy:

DEPLOYINGAPPLICATIONS
DEPLOYING APPLICATIONS • In the Rancher dashboard, go to the cluster and
environment containing the workload.

DEPLOYING USING CATALOG TEMPLATES • Click on "Workloads" in the main menu.

• Find the workload you want to scale and click

Rancher provides a catalog of predefined
on it.
application templates that you can deploy. To
deploy an application: • Click "Scale."

• Adjust the number of replicas and click "Save."

• In the Rancher dashboard, navigate to the
desired cluster and environment.
ETCDBACKUPS
ETCD BACKUPS
• Click on "Catalogs" in the main menu.

• Browse available templates, select the desired Backing up etcd is crucial for maintaining the
one, and click "View Details." integrity and recoverability of your Kubernetes

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 GETTING STARTED WITH
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cluster’s state. etcd is the distributed key-value environment to restore the etcd backup and verify
store that stores all the configuration data and the cluster’s functionality.
metadata for your cluster. In Rancher, etcd backups
are essential for disaster recovery scenarios. Here’s ADDITIONALRESOURCES
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
how you can perform etcd backups in a Rancher-
managed Kubernetes cluster:
Resource Description

Rancher Official Comprehensive

ACCESS THE MASTER NODE
Documentation documentation for
SSH into one of the master nodes of your K3s Rancher, including
cluster where etcd is running. installation,
configuration, and usage
guides.
IDENTIFY ETCD DATA DIRECTORY
Kubernetes Official Official documentation
The etcd data directory typically resides at Documentation for Kubernetes, covering
/var/lib/rancher/k3s/server/db. all aspects of cluster
management and
STOP K3S application deployment.

K3s Documentation Documentation for K3s,

Before creating a backup, it’s recommended to stop
the lightweight
K3s to ensure that etcd is in a consistent state:
Kubernetes distribution
from Rancher.

sudo systemctl stop k3s Helm Official Helm is a package

Documentation manager for
Kubernetes; its
CREATE THE BACKUP documentation provides
insights into application
To create a backup of the etcd data directory, you packaging and
can use the rsync command to copy the directory deployment.
and its contents to a backup location. Replace
Kubernetes RBAC Understand Kubernetes
/path/to/backup with the actual path to your backup
Role-Based Access
destination:
Control for managing
user access to resources.
sudo rsync -avz Kubernetes Networking Learn about Kubernetes
/var/lib/rancher/k3s/server/db Guide networking concepts
/path/to/backup and best practices.

Velero An open-source tool to

back up and restore
START K3S
Kubernetes resources
and volumes.
After the backup is created, start K3s again:
Prometheus An open-source
monitoring and alerting
sudo systemctl start k3s toolkit for Kubernetes.

Grafana A popular open-source

analytics and
TEST THE BACKUP
monitoring solution that
It’s a good practice to periodically test your etcd integrates well with
backups to ensure they are valid and can be Prometheus.
restored successfully. You can set up a test

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 GETTING STARTED WITH
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Resource Description

Kubernetes Namespace Learn how to use

Guide Kubernetes namespaces
to create isolated
environments.

Kubernetes Storage Understand Kubernetes

Guide storage concepts and
how to manage
persistent data.

Kubernetes Ingress Learn about exposing

Controllers services to the internet
using Kubernetes
ingress controllers.

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