MODULE 10

IN
MATHEMATICS 9
THIRD QUARTER

Unit 3
Quadratic Functions

Lesson 4 Graphing Quadratic Functions

Unit 3 Quadratic Functions

Lesson 4 Graphing Quadratic Functions pg. 1
 Unit III
Quadratic Functions
Lesson 4 Graphing Quadratic Functions
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students must be able to:
 Correctly graph quadratic functions in the rectangular coordinate system; and
 Properly identify the effect of changing the values of a , h ,and k in the vertex form of a quadratic
function on its graph.
Learn about it!
In Lesson 1, you have learned that the graph of a quadratic function is a parabola.

In the quadratic function y=ax 2+ bx+ c, the value of describes the direction of the opening of the
parabola: upward if and downward if .

To easily determine the vertex of the parabola without transforming the given function into its
vertex form, the following formula may be used:
2
( h , k ) =−b , 4 ac−b
2a 4a

Consider the following example:

Graph the quadratic function y=−3 x 2−12 x−8 .

Step 1
Find the vertex.
a=−3 b=−12 c=−8

2
( h , k ) =( −b , 4 ac−b )
2a 4a
2
−(−12) 4 (−3 )(−8 )−(−12)
( h , k ) =( , )
2(−3) 4 (−3)
12 4 (−3 ) (−8 )−144
( h , k ) =( , )
−6 −12
12 96−144
( h , k ) =( , )
−6 −12
( h , k ) =¿
( h , k ) =(−2 , 4 )

The vertex is at (−2 , 4) .

Step 2
Unit 3 Quadratic Functions
Lesson 4 Graphing Quadratic Functions pg. 2
 Create a table of values including the coordinates of the vertex.
Note
It is recommended to use the same distance of values of to the left and to the right of
the vertex.
x y
−4
−3
−2 4
−1
0
How to get the value of y ?
Solution:
Substitute the value x to the equation.
2
y=−3 x −12 x−8
x=−4
2
y=−3(−4 ) −12(−4)−8
y=−3 (16 ) +48−8
y=−48+ 48−8
y=−8

2
y=−3(−3) −12(−3)−8
y=−3 ( 9 ) +36−8
y=−27+36−8
y=1

2
y=−3(−1) −12(−1)−8
y=−3 (1 )+12−8
y=−3+12−8
y=¿1

2
x y y=−3(0) −12(0)−8
−4 −8
−3 1 y=−3 ( 0 )−0−8
−2 4
−1 1
0 −8 y=0−0−8

Unit 3 Quadratic Functions

Lesson 4 Graphing Quadratic Functions pg. 3
 y=−8

Step 3
Plot the points on the rectangular coordinate plane and connect them using a smooth
curve.

x y
−4 −8
−3 1
−2 4
−1 1
0 −8

Let’s Practice!

Example 1
Graph the quadratic function y=2 x 2−4 x+ 3.

Solution:
Step 1
Find the vertex.
2
( h , k ) =−b , 4 ac−b
2a 4a
❑
( h , k ) =( ❑ , ❑ )
❑ ❑
( h , k ) =( ❑ , ❑ )
❑ ❑
( h , k ) =(,)

The vertex is at (, ).
Step 2
Create a table of values including the coordinates of the vertex.
Note

Unit 3 Quadratic Functions

Lesson 4 Graphing Quadratic Functions pg. 4
 It is recommended to use the same distance of values of to the left and to the right of
the vertex.
x y
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
How to get the value of y ?
Solution:
Substitute the value x to the equation.
2
y=2 x −4 x+ 3

Step 3
Plot the points on the rectangular coordinate plane and connect them using a smooth
curve.

Example 2
Tell whether the function y=x 2 + 4 x+ 4 matches the graph shown below or not.

Unit 3 Quadratic Functions

Lesson 4 Graphing Quadratic Functions pg. 5
Solution:
Step 1
2
( h , k ) =−b , 4 ac−b
2a 4a
❑
( h , k ) =( , ❑ ❑ )
❑ ❑
( h , k ) =( ❑ , ❑ )
❑ ❑
( h , k ) =(,)

The vertex is at (, ).
Step 2
Create a table of values including the coordinates of the vertex.
Note
It is recommended to use the same distance of values of to the left and to the right of
the vertex.
x y
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
How to get the value of y ?
Solution:
Substitute the value x to the equation y=x 2 + 4 x+ 4 .

Unit 3 Quadratic Functions

Lesson 4 Graphing Quadratic Functions pg. 6
 By examining the coordinates in the table of values, we can see that the function
matches the graph.

Example 3
Find the general form of the function of the given graph.

B (0, 5)

A (2, 1)

Solution:
Step 1
Analyze the graph.
Since we are looking for the general form of the function, we are going to find
2
y=ax + bx+ c . We do not have a , b and c , but in the graph, the vertex is determined as well as a
point where the parabola passes through. Thus, we can use the vertex form y=a( x−h)2 +k .

Step 2
Substitute the given data on the vertex form.
Unit 3 Quadratic Functions
Lesson 4 Graphing Quadratic Functions pg. 7
 From the graph, the vertex is at (2, 1) and the given point lies at (0, 5).
So, h=¿ , k =¿ , x=¿ and y=¿.

Step 3
Substitute the value of to the vertex form of the function.
2
y=a(x−h) +k
❑
y=¿ ¿

Therefore, the function given by the graph in general form is

Try It Yourself!

Find the equation of the function using the given graph.

Check Your Understanding!

1. Graph the following quadratic functions:

a.

Unit 3 Quadratic Functions

Lesson 4 Graphing Quadratic Functions pg. 8
 b.

2. Which of the following graphs match the function ?

a.
c.

b.

References:
 Lorraine Baron, et al. Math Makes Sense 9. CA: Pearson, 2009
 Math Is Fun. “Graphing Quadratic Functions.” Accessed on 22 March 2018.
Unit 3 Quadratic Functions
Lesson 4 Graphing Quadratic Functions pg. 9
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Unit 3 Quadratic Functions

Lesson 4 Graphing Quadratic Functions pg. 10