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Assignment 3

The document discusses solving differential equations and partial differential equations using techniques like Laplace transforms, method of separation of variables, d'Alembert's method, and more. It provides examples of applying these techniques to solve initial and boundary value problems for PDEs modeling various physical systems.

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Ravindra Shetty
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26 views

Assignment 3

The document discusses solving differential equations and partial differential equations using techniques like Laplace transforms, method of separation of variables, d'Alembert's method, and more. It provides examples of applying these techniques to solve initial and boundary value problems for PDEs modeling various physical systems.

Uploaded by

Ravindra Shetty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Subject: Math 207 - Differential Equations and Complex Variables

Homework – 3 (Laplace transform and PDEs) Date:


——————————————————————————————————————–
Laplace Transform

1. Find the laplace transform of the following functions:

(a) 2e−t cos2 t/2 (f) u(t − 3) ∗ e−2t


(b) 4 u(t − π) cos t (g) sin h t (0 < t < 2)
−t
(c) t e sin t

0, for 0 < t < 1

(d) t2 cos ωt (h) f (t) = t2 , for 1 < t < 2

(e) sin ωt ∗ sin ωt 
0, for 2 < t

2. Find the inverse laplace transform of the following functions.


60+6s2 +s4 s3 +6s2 +14s
(a) s7
(d) (s+2)4

(b) 6 e−πs
(s+2)(s−4) (e) s2 +2s+2
ω s4 +3(s+1)3
(c) s2 (s2 +ω 2 )
(f) s4 (s+1)3

3. Solve the initial value problems by the laplace transform.

(a) y 00 + y = cos t, y(0) = 3, y 0 (0) = 4


(b) y 00 + 2y 0 − 3y = 6e−2t , y(0) = 2, y 0 (0) = −14
(c) y 00 + 5y 0 + 6y = u(t − 1) + δ(t − 2), y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 1
(d) y 00 + y = −2 sin t + 10 δ(t − π), y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 1.

PDE

1. PDE Solvable as ODE Solve the following PDE treating like an ODE.

(a) uxx + 16π 2 u = 0 (c) y 2 uyy + 2yuy − 2u = 0


(b) 25uyy − 4u = 0 (d) 2uxx + 9ux + 4u = −3 cos x − 29 sin x

2. d’Alembert Method Transform the following equations into normal form and
solve it.

(a) uxx + 9uyy = 0 (c) xuxx − yuxy = 0


(b) uxx + 2uxy + uyy = 0 (d) uxx − 4uxy + 3uyy = 0

3. Variable Separable Method Find the solution of the following equations by


separating variables:

(a) xux − yuy = 0 (c) y 2 ux − x2 uy = 0


(b) x2 uxy + 3y 2 u = 0 (d) xuxy + 2yu = 0

1
4. Calculation of displacement of string In the following exercises, use d’Alembert
solution u(x, t) = 12 [f (x + ct) + f (x − ct)] to find displacement u(x, t) for each given
function f (x), point x, and time t. Assume that c = 5 and L = 6.

(a) f (x) = 0.01 sin 2xπ , x = 3, t = 1. 0.1x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 3;
L (b) f (x) = x = 2, t = 2.
0.1(6 − x), 3 ≤ x ≤ 6.
5. 1-D Heat Equation Use variable separation method to find the solution of the
initial boundary value problem
∂u ∂ 2u
= 5 2 , 0 < x < 1, t > 0
∂t ∂x
u(0, t) = u(1, t) = 0, t > 0
u(x, 0) = (1 − x)x2 , 0 < x < 1

6. 1-D Wave Equation Use variable separation method to show that the solution of
1-D wave equation with initial boundary value problem:
∂ 2u ∂ 2u
= c2 , 0 < x < L, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u(0, t) = u(1, t) = 0, t > 0
u(x, 0) = f (x), 0 < x < L
ut (x, 0) = g(x), 0 < x < L
is of the form ∞
X nπx
u(x, t) = (Bn cos λn t + Bn∗ sin λn t) sin
n=1
L
RL RL
where, λn = cnπ
L
,
Bn = 2
L 0
f (x) sin nπx
L
dx and Bn∗ = 2
cnπ 0
g(x) sin nπx
L
dx.
Also show that if ut (x, 0) = 0, then
∞
X nπx
u(x, t) = Bn cos λn t sin
n=1
L
Show that then the solution u(x, t) is
1
u(x, t) = [f (x + ct) + f (x − ct)] .
2
7. Use the solution obtained in Exercise 6 to find the solution u(x, t) when L = 1, c = 1,
initial velocity ut (x, 0) = 0 and u(x, 0) = f (x) has the following f (x):
(a) k sin 2πx (c) kx(1 − x)
(b) k(sin πx − 21 sin 2πx) (d) kx2 (1 − x)

8. Let r, θ, φ be spherical coordinates defined


p by x = r cos θ sin φ, y = r sin θ sin φ, z =
r cos φ. If u(x, y, z) is a function of r = x2 + y 2 + z 2 only, show that
2
∇2 u = urr + ur .
r
9. Solve the PDE x ∂ω
∂x
+ ∂ω
∂t
= xt, ω(x, 0) = 0 if x ≥ 0 and ω(0, t) = 0 if t ≥ 0 by
Laplace transform.

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