Bicol University

College of Agriculture and Forestry

Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
Guinobatan, Albay

COMPILATION OF
LABORATORY EXERCISES IN
SURVEYING

ENGR. JOHN R. ORINGO

Faculty

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 This was carefully selected and lifted from the Elementary
Surveying Laboratory Manual by Engr. Juny Pilapil La Putt and the
TOPCON GM 50 Series Operations Manual. The chosen laboratory
exercises are best suited for the students taking BS in Agricultural and
Biosystems Engineering. Only few changes and revisions were made
since the lifted laboratory exercises answers the need of students that
is, to develop its basic surveying skills.

Jro

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Contents

Laboratory Exercise 1 Pacing 4

Laboratory Exercise 2 Taping Over a smooth and Level Ground 7
Laboratory Exercise 3 Taping Over Uneven and Sloping Ground 9
Laboratory Exercise 4 Three Wire Leveling 12
Laboratory Exercise 5 Differential Leveling 15
Laboratory Exercise 6 Profile Leveling 17
Laboratory Exercise 7 Total Station Orientation 1 20
Laboratory Exercise 8 Total Station Orientation 2 36
Laboratory Exercise 9 Total Station Orientation 3 48
Laboratory Exercise 10 Total Station Orientation 4 59

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Name: Year & Section:

Laboratory Exercise No.1

PROBLEM : PACING

OBJECTIVES: a. To determine individual pace factor

b. To measure distance by pacing
c. To determine the relative precision

A. Instruments and Accessories :

Range Poles, Steel Tape, Markers (hubs, paint, chalk or crayons)

B. Procedure

1. Determining Pace Factor

a. Select a straight and level course at least 90 m apart. On both ends
establish markers. Designate these end points as A and B.
b. Count the number of paces from A to B. Start with either heel or toe.
Then walk from B to A, then A to B, until 5 trials are completed.
c. Record the number of paces accordingly.
d. Refer to the accompanying table format for recording.

Taped Number of Mean Number Pace Factor

Trial Line
Distance (m) Paces of Paces (m/pace)
1 AB
2 BA
3 AB
4 BA
5 AB

2. Measuring Distance by Pacing

a. Define or establish the end points of another level course whose length is
to be determined by pacing. Designate this endpoints as C and D.
b. Count the number of paces from C to D. Start with either heel or toe. Then
walk from D to C, then C to D, until 5 trials are completed.
c. Record the number of paces accordingly, make an actual taping of the
course CD to determine the taped distance.
d. Refer to the accompanying table format for the recording.

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 No. of Paced Taped Relative
Trial Line Mean
Paces Distance Distance Precision
1 CD
2 DC
3 CD
4 DC
5 CD

C. Computations

1. Computing the pace factor (PF)

a. Get the sum of the number of paces for the five trials performed on
course AB then compute the mean number of paces.
b. Divide the known or taped length of course AB by the mean number of
paces for AB to determine the pace factor.
2. Computing the taped distance (TD)
a. Get the sum of the number of paces for the five trials performed on the
course CD and compute the mean number of paces.
b. Multiply the mean number of paces for CD by the pace factor to obtain
the paced distance.
3. Computing Relative precision (RP)
a. Determine the difference between the taped distance of CD and the
paced distance of CD
b. Divide the difference by the taped distance of CD and reduce the
numerator to unity to determine the relative precision.

D. Remarks, Hints and Precautions

1. The ends of the assigned courses should be marked with either hubs,
marking pins, or by chalk if on pavement
2. Range poles are set or held behind the end points to serve as guides or
markers during actual pacing.
3. A measuring tape/builders level with stadia rod/total station should be used
in laying out or in measuring the actual length of courses assigned for
pacing.
4. If measuring tape is used, two measurements should be made for any line
and the mean should be recorded as its actual length.
5. The length of the single step is termed as pace. It may be measured from
heel to heel or from toe to toe.

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6. Pacing consists of counting the number of steps in a required distance and
is best done by walking with natural steps.
7. Pacing is used only when approximate results are satisfactory as for
estimating distances used for sketching and in reconnaissance. Pacing is
also used as a means of checking distances measured by more accurate
method.
8. To keep one on the line of pacing, it is a good practice to fix one’s eyes on
a distant object on the range behind the pole at the farter end of the line
being paced.
9. A partial pace at the end of the line should be figured out to the nearest one-
fourth pace.
10. The accepted precision for measuring distance by pacing usually varies
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from 200 to 500
11. Reject measurements that vary from the mean by more than three percent.
12. If the computed relative precision of the set of measurements is greater
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than200, the measurements should be repeated.

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Name: Year & Section:

Laboratory Exercise No.2

PROBLEM : TAPING OVER SMOOTH AND LEVEL GROUND

OBJECTIVES: a. To determine the horizontal length of a line over a smooth

and level
ground with the tape supported throughout its length.
b. To determine the relative precision

A. Instruments and Accessories :

Range Poles, Measuring Tape (30-m or 50-m), Chaining pins, Pegs or Hubs
, Markers (hubs, paint, chalk or crayons), Spring Scale

B. Procedure

a. Mark both ends of the line (150 m to 300 m long) to be measured.

Place a range pole behind each point and establish intermediate
points along the line to ensure unobstructed sight lines. If one point
to be marked is on pavement, use chalk or marking crayons.
Designate these endpoints as A and B
b. The rear tapeman with one pin, stations himself at the beginning
point and the head tapeman takes the zero end of the tape and
advances toward the other end of the line to be measured.
c. When the head tapeman nearly have a full tape length the rear
tapeman calls “tape” to stop the head tapeman. The rear tapeman
holds the 30-m/50-m end mark at the starting point. Then align,
stretch, plumb, and mark.
With the 30-m/50-m mark at the starting point and the head tapeman
aligned, the rear tapeman calls “all right”. The head tapeman then
pulls the tape taut and sticks a chaining pin in the ground to mark the
zero end of the tape. If the measurement is done on a pavement , a
chalk or marking crayon can be use to mark the end tape.
d. The rear tapeman picks up the chaining pin and the head tapeman
pulls the tape forward and the process is repeated for the next full
tape length.
e. When the end of the line is almost reached and the last full tape
length has been measured , the remaining partial length is then
measured.
f. After the measurement of the whole line is completed, a second
measurement should be made along the opposite direction.
g. The mean of the two measurement should be taken as the most
probable value of the length of the line.
h. Tabulate observed and computed values accordingly. Refer to the
table format.

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 Relative
Trial Line Length Difference Mean
Precision
1 AB
2 BA

C. Computations

1. The mean length of the measured line is determined by adding the two
measurements and dividing the sum by two.
2. The discrepancy for the measurement is the difference between the first
measurement and the second measurement.
3. The relative precision of the measurement is determined by dividing the
discrepancy by the mean length, where the numerator is reduced to unity.

D. Remarks, Hints and Precautions

1. The hub is set at each end of the designated line and a range pole is set
about a meter beyond the far hub to serve as guide during taping. A 2” x 2”
piece of lumber with a nail in the middle is used for this purpose which is
securely pierced on the ground.
2. Prior to measurement, the tape should be calibrated.
3. During measurement the tape should be supported throughout its length,
and the required pull (approximately 4 kg to 7 kg) should be applied at the
ends of the tape to avoid inconsistent errors.
4. As the rear tapeman leaves after each full tape length is measured, a pin is
pulled out of the ground. There is always one pin on the ground, and the
number of pins held by the rear tapeman at any time indicates the number
of full tape lengths measured from the point of beginning to the pin on the
ground.
5. The accepted precision should beat least 1/1000. If this is not attained, the
measurement should be repeated.

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Name: Year & Section:

Laboratory Exercise No.3

PROBLEM : TAPING OVER UNEVEN AND SLOPING GROUND

OBJECTIVES: a. To determine the horizontal length of a line over uneven and

sloping ground by breaking tape.
b. To determine the relative precision

A. Instruments and Accessories :

Range Poles, Measuring Tape (30-m or 50-m), Chaining pins, Plumb Bob,
Pegs or Hubs , Markers (hubs, paint, chalk or crayons), Spring Scale

B. Procedure
1. Measuring Uphill
a. On a designated uneven and sloping terrain, mark the ends of the
line (about 90 m long) to be measured. Designate the hub at the
bottom of the slope as point A and the hub at the upper portion of
the slope as point B. Range poles are held or set behind each
point to serve as markers, or are set as intermediate points along
the line to ensure better alignment during taping.
b. Head tapeman unreels and spreads out the tape and pulls the
zero mark uphill along the line from point A. The rear tapeman
raises the 30-m/50-m of the tape breast high , while the head
tapeman moves back to a place on the line near a full meter (or
front) mark where the ground surface is as high as the other
raised end of the tape. The head tapeman stays by the side of
the line measured and holds a chaining pin on the ground.
c. The rear tapeman temporarily releases end of tape and signals
head tapeman to either move to the right or to the left in order to
align him. When the pin of the head tapeman is in line with the
range pole held over point B, the head tapeman is then signaled
to stick the pin vertically into the ground.
d. Rear tapeman plumbs from point A to the terminal mark of the
tape with a plumb bob and maintains the plumb bob steadily over
A while head tapeman pulls the tape taut and making sure that
the tape is on line by bringing one of its edges in contact with the
previously aligned pin. The head tapeman then moves the pin
opposite to the nearest full meter of the tape and staking it firmly
on the ground.
e. The rear tapeman leaves his end of the tape , moves up the slope
and gets hold of the tape at the point previously held by the head
tapeman . The next measurement is made horizontally from the
pin stuck on the ground by the head tapeman as done at point
A.
f. The process is repeated until the whole tape length is used up,
thus finishing the measurement of one tape length of horizontal
distance.
g. From the pin marking the end of one tape length measurement,
the horizontal measurement is continued until point B is reached.
The last partial tape length is measured with the rear tapeman

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 holding the tape until he has full meter mark at his end while the
head tapeman pulls the tape taut and takes note of the fractional
measurement. Then the number of the tape lengths and the last
partial measurement are totaled to determine the horizontal
length of the line measured.

2. Measuring Downhill
a. In measuring downhill, the tape is reversed to bring the zero end
forward in the direction of point A along the line. Horizontal
measurement starts from B with the rear tapeman holding the
terminal meter of tape in level with B.
b. After the plumb bob of the head tapeman has been aligned with the
rane pole held at A, the head tapeman drops the plumb bob causing
it to leave a mark on the ground. He then sticks a pin at the ground
on the mark left by the plumb bob.
c. The next horizontal measurement starts from the pin until one whole
tape length is measured. In measuring up the slope, the number of
tape lengths plus the partial tape length at the end of the line
determines the total horizontal length of the line.
d. Tabulate observed and computed values accordingly. Refer to the
accompanying table for the tabulation of data.

Relative
Trial Line Length Difference Mean
Precision
1 AB
2 BA

C. Computations

1. The discrepancy for the measurement is the difference between the first
and the second measurement.
2. The mean length of the measured line is determined by adding the two
measurements and dividing the sum by two. This is also known as the most
probable value of the length of the line.
3. The relative precision of the measurement is determined by dividing the
discrepancy by the mean length, where the numerator reduced to unity or
1. Relative precision is expressed in fraction form and the denominator is
rounded to the nearest hundredths.

D. Remarks, Hints and Precautions

1. The procedure of breaking tape involves the measurement of short

horizontal distances and accumulating these distances to total full tape
length. This is done when 30-m tape cannot be held horizontal without
plumbing from above shoulder length
2. Except for the use of a plumb bob, the process of taping over uneven and
sloping ground is similar to taping over smooth and level ground
3. It is important to determine if the tape is held nearly horizontal since it is the
usual tendency to hold the downhill end of the tape too low.
4. A hand level should be used to check if the tape ends are held correctly so
so as to have a good horizontal measurement.

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 5. A firm stance is important during taping. The tapeman should position the
plane of his body parallel to the tape, with his legs well apart. His forearm
should be in line with the tape.
6. If a hand level is not available, the tape may be estimated to be horizontal
by eye. It is usually sufficient o compare the tape with some level line or
have the two ends in line with the horizon.
7. The tape sags between supports when taking horizontal measurements
over uneven and sloping ground thus making the tape shorter. To eliminate
the effect of the sag, the tape should be standardize, corrected for sag, or
normal tension is used.
8. As a variation to breaking tape, the line may also be measured by short and
segmented individual distances and these distances are added up to
determine the total length. This practice, however requires continuous
recording of each partial length measured and may also lead to mistakes in
addition.
9. The designated line should be measured in two trials, one uphill and one
downhill. The ratio of discrepancy to length should be determined. The
acceptable precision should be at least 1/1000. If this is not attained the
measurement should be repeated.

Breaking Tape Downhill

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Name: Year & Section:

Laboratory Exercise No.4

PROBLEM : THREE-WIRE LEVELIG
OBJECTIVE : To determine the elevation of a point some distance away by
the
three-wire method of differential levelling.
Laboratory Exercise Outline
A. INSTRUMENTS & ACCESSORIES

Engineer's Level or Automatic Level equipped with stadia hairs, Range

Poles, Hubs or Pegs, Leveling

B. PROCEDURE
1. Designate the initial or reference point of the level route as BM-1 and
the final or terminal point as BM-2. The elevation of BM-2 is to be
determined and the elevation of BM-1 must be known or assumed.
2. At a convenient location just beyond BM-1 and along the general
designated route of the level line, set up the instrument and level its line
of sight.
3. Take and record a backsight on BM-1 and note the upper, middle, and
lower cross-hair readings.
4. Direct the rodman to move forward along the general route (not
necessarily in a straight line joining BM-1 and the next point) and
establish TP-1.
5. With the leveling rod held plumb on TP-1, take a foresight on it and
record the upper, middle, and lower cross-hair readings.

6. Transfer, set up, and level the instrument at another suitable location
beyond TP-1 and take a backsight on TP-1, and record the upper,
middle, and lower cross-hair readings.
7. Direct the rodman to move a convenient distance ahead of the
instrument and establish TP-2
8. Take a foresight on TP-2 and again record the three hair readings.

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 9. Repeat the above procedure until finally a foresight is taken on the
designated point (BM-2 at the end of the level line.
10. Tabulate observed and computed values accordingly. Refer to the
accompanying sample format for the tabulation of field date.

BACKSIGHT FORESIGHT
STA HAIR MEAN S HI HAIR MEAN S ELEV. REMARKS
RDGS RDGS
UHR UHR
MHR MHR
LHR LHR
UHR UHR
MHR MHR
LHR LHR
UHR UHR
MHR MHR
LHR LHR

C. COMPUTATION
1. The mean of the readings of the upper, middle, and lower cross-hairs
for each sight is taken as the correct rod reading.
2. The interval between the reading on the upper cross-hair and the
reading on the lower cross-hair is a measure of the distance from the
instrument to the rod sighted. The distance is determined by multiplying
the observed interval by the stadia interval factor (K) of the instrument,
which is usually equal to 100.
3. The height of instrument for a set-up is found by adding the mean back-
sight reading to the elevation of the point back-sighted. Subtracting the
mean foresight reading on a turning point from the height of instrument
gives the elevation. This process of computation is repeated for each
set up.
4. The difference in elevation between the initial and final points equals the
difference between the sum of the mean back-sights and the sum of the
mean foresights.
D. REMARKS, HINTS & PRECAUTIONS
1. The method of three-wire leveling was formerly used mainly in precise
leveling work. It is now common on projects that require only ordinary
precision.
2. The instrument used must be equipped with stadia hairs in addition to
the regular cross-hairs and for each sight, the three cross-hairs are read
by estimation to millimeters and recorded.
3. Readings of the upper, middle, and lower cross-hairs are averaged to
obtain a better value. As a computational check it must be very close
to the middle wire reading. Also, a check is secured by noting the
difference between the middle and upper hair and between the middle
and lower hair. If these fail to agree within one or two of the smallest
units being read, the readings are repeated.

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4. All turning points must be on solid objects with rounded tops so that the
base of the rod can be held in the same position for the backsights and
foresights.
5. To prevent unequal thermal expansion, the level should be protected
from the sun by an umbrella.
6. To eliminate the effects of variations in atmospheric refraction,
settlement of the tripod, or warping of the level, the shortest possible
time elapse between backsight and succeeding foresight is desirable.
7. The three-wire leveling has been employed for most precise surveying
because it provides checks against rod reading blunders, produces
greater accuracy since averages of three readings are made, and it
furnishes stadia measurements of sight lengths.
8. This method of leveling is very tedious and requires extreme care.
Members of the field survey party must heed minute details to minimize
systematic errors which are always present.

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Name: Year & Section:

Laboratory Exercise No.5

PROBLEM : DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING
OBJECTIVE : To determine the elevation of points by differential levelling.
Laboratory Exercise Outline
A. INSTRUCTION & ACCESSORIES

Builders Level, Leveling route as BM-1, and the final or terminal point as
BM-2

B. PROCEDURE
1. Designate the initial or reference point of the level route as BM-1 and
the final or terminal point as BM-2.
2. Set up and level the instrument at a convenient location along the
general designated route between the two points.
3. Take and record a backsight on BM-1.
4. Direct the rodman to move forward along the level route (not necessarily
in a straight line between BM-1 and the next point) and establish TP-1.
5. Take and record a foresight in TP-1.
6. Transfer and set up the level at another suitable location beyond TP-1
and take and record a backsight on TP-1.
7. Direct the rodman to move a convenient distance ahead of the
instrument and establish TP-2.
8. Take and record a foresight on TP-2.
9. Repeat the procedure until a foresight is finally taken on BM-2.
10. Refer to the accompanying sample tabulation for the recording of
observed field data.
STA BS HI FS ELEVATION DIFF

C. COMPUTATIONS
1. Computing Height of Instrument and Elevation.
In differential leveling, the following two equations are repeatedly used
a) HI = Elev + BS b) Elev =HI - FS
Where :
HI = height of Instrument above a reference datum
BS = backsight reading on the rod ( or plus sights )
FS = foresight reading on the rod (or minus sights )
Elev = elevation above a reference datum of a point sighted
2. Arithmetic Check:
To check the accuracy of the arithmetical computations, add all
backsights as well as all the foresights. The difference between these
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 two sums must be equal to the difference in elevation between the initial
and final points of the level line.

D. REMARKS, HINTS & PRECAUTIONS :

1. To reduce to a negligible amount the effect of curvature and refraction,
keep the backsight distance approximately equal to its corresponding
foresight distance.
2. Limit foresight and backsight distances to a maximum of 90 meters since
most leveling rods cannot be read accurately beyond this distance.
3. Always keep the telescope bubble centered at instant of sighting. The
accuracy of leveling depends on the bubble being in this position during
each rod sighting.
4. Avoid reading too near the top or bottom of the rod. Select suitable
locations for the instrument so that backsight and foresight rod readings
will fall between 0.50 and 1.50 m marks of the leveling rod.
5. Avoid the use of a long (extended) rod especially when it is windy and
the leveling rod is not provided with a rod support.
6. Since more time is spent at a set up of the instrument, care must be
observed so as to prevent settlement of the instrument between
backsighting and foresighting periods. To guard against settlement of
the instrument, such as when working on soft grounds during rainy days,
the tripod legs must be driven firmly into good bearing soil.
7. Turning points should have a rounded or leveled top to give a definite
point of support for the bottom of the leveling rod. If a hub or peg is used,
avoid locating such points on soft and unstable grounds.
8. The rod should be held plumb and steady when a reading is made on it.
Preferably, use a rod level to assure that the rod will always be held
plumb and keep fingers off the face of the rod.
9. Use the proper tension on the leveling screws. They should have
bearing on the tripod head without being too tight.
10. For non-precise surveys, rod readings may be made to the nearest
hundredth of a meter.
11. The number of instrument set-ups will depend largely on the
configuration of the terrain, length of the level circuit or route, and the
length of sight distances. It is best to select the shortest level route
possible to reduce the amount of error closure.

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Name: Year & Section:

Laboratory Exercise No.6

PROBLEM : PROFILE LEVELING
OBJECTIVE : a. To determine the elevation of ground points along the
centerline of the proposed roadway.
b. To plot the profile along the center line of a proposed
roadway.
Laboratory Exercise Outline
E. INSTRUCTION & ACCESSORIES

Builders Level, hub or pegs, range poles, leveling rod, chalk, paint or
marking crayons, measuring tape, chaining pins, profile paper, triangles

F. PROCEDURE
11. Profile Leveling
a. Establish stakes at every full station along the center line of a
500-m long proposed roadway at intervals of 100 m.
b. Set up and level the instrument in some convenient location on
one side of the proposed roadway.
c. Take and record a backsight on a rod held on a nearby
benchmark to determine the height of the instrument.
d. Take and record intermediate foresights from as many
centerlines points up to within practical limits of sighting.
e. When the rod has been advanced to appoint beyond which
further readings to ground points cannot be observed, establish
a turning point, and take foresight on it to determine the elevation.
f. Transfer and set up the instrument in another farther position and
take a backsight on the turning point just established. Then
continue taking rod readings on ground points as before until the
end of the roadway is reached.
g. Tabulate observed and computed values accordingly.

12. Plotting the Profile

a. Plot the observed and the computed data on a graphing paper.
b. Use a scale of 1:1000 for plotting the horizontal distances and
1:100 for the vertical distance
c. Connect the plotted elevations for the profile by a smooth curve
drawn freehand.
d. Label the plot of the profile accordingly. The stationing elevations,
and horizontal and vertical scales must be indicated.
STA BS HI FS IFS ELEVATION REMARKS

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G. COMPUTATIONS
1. Computing Heights of Instruments and Elevations
a. The theory involved in profile leveling is exactly the same in
differential leveling. A backsight is taken on a benchmark of
known elevation to determine the height of instrument, by adding
it to the known elevation and the elevation of ground points are
calculated by subtracting the corresponding rod readings from
the height of instrument.
2. Determining the Difference in Elevation
a. The difference between the sum of all backsights and the sum of
all foresights is equal to the error of closure, or equal to the
difference in elevation between the initial benchmarlk and final
point.
b. The intermediate foresight reading subtracted from the height of
the instrument gives the ground elevation of a plus station.
c. The difference between the elevation of any two points that are
obtained at the same set up of the instrument is equal to the
difference between the foresights taken on these points.
H. REMARKS, HINTS & PRECAUTIONS :
12. Ordinarily, the interval between stakes is 100 ft, 50 ft or 25, wih intervals
of 100 m, 50 m, 30 m, 20 m, and 10 m in metric system. Distances may
be measured by pacing or by tape.\
13. The 100 m points, reckoned from the beginning of the line are called full
stations and all of the points are called plus stations.
14. Distances from the starting point are indicated by stationing’s. Each
stake is marked with its station and plus. Thus, the beginning point of
the survey is numbered as 0+00. A stake at 250 from the origin is station
as 2+50 and a point set 1525 m from the origin is station 15+25.
15. The level is usually set up off the center line so that sights of more
uniform length can be produced. It is usually an advantage to have a
level from 15 to 20 m away from the centerline particularly when
readings must be taken on intermediate points.
16. A series of intermediate foresight readings are taken at regular intervals
of 10 m to 30 m along the centerline of the roadway, and at points where
sudden changes of elevation occur, such as at the bottom and tops of
riverbanks, edges and centerlines of roads and ditches. These are taken
to give a true picture of the ground surface along the route.
17. For a ground profile the backsight and foresight readings are usually
read to hundredths of ft (mm) and no particular attention is paid to
balancing backsight and foresight distances. The intermediate
foresights to ground points are read to tenths of ft (cm) only.
18. During profile leveling, it is usually good practice to set a series of
benchmarks because they can be very useful at a later date, for example
when grades are being established for construction. These points
should be set at a sufficient distance from the proposed project center
line so that they will not be disturbed or obliterated during construction.
These benchmarks may be from 10 to 20 stations apart when the
difference of elevation are moderate, but vertical intervals between
these benchmarks should be about 10 meters where the difference in
elevation are considerable.

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19. When the profile is completed, it is necessary to check the work by
running a line of differential levels back to the beginning point or by
typing into another benchmark.
20. The plotted profile is generally drawn so that the vertical scale is much
larger than the horizontal scale to accentuate the differences of
elevation. This is called vertical exaggeration.
21. The profile is drawn freehand since the result is a better representation
of the actual ground shape than would be the case if the points are
connected by straight lines.

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Name: Year & Section:

Laboratory Exercise No.7

PROBLEM : TOTAL STATION ORIENTATION
OBJECTIVE : a. To determine the parts and functions of a total station (GM
50 Series)
b. To create/select a job.
c. To rename a job
d. To execute data collection program
e. To view points
f. To delete a job file

Laboratory Exercise Outline

A. INSTRUCTION & ACCESSORIES

Total Station (GM 50 Series)

B. PROCEDURE

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C. COMPUTATIONS
3. None

D. REMARKS, HINTS & PRECAUTIONS:

22. None

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Name: Year & Section:

Laboratory Exercise No.7

PROBLEM : TOTAL STATION ORIENTATION 2
OBJECTIVE : a. To transfer a file from Total Station to Computer
b. To covert data to excel file
c. To convert data to CAD file
d. To make data recognize by Total Station

Laboratory Exercise Outline

A. INSTRUCTION & ACCESSORIES

Total Station (GM 50 Series)

B. PROCEDURE

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C. COMPUTATIONS
4. None

D. REMARKS, HINTS & PRECAUTIONS:

23. None

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Name: Year & Section:

Laboratory Exercise No.7

PROBLEM : TOTAL STATION ORIENTATION 2
OBJECTIVE : a. To make a traverse
b. To make a resection
c. To measure distance between to points

Laboratory Exercise Outline

A. INSTRUCTION & ACCESSORIES

Total Station (GM 50 Series)

B. PROCEDURE

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C. COMPUTATIONS
5. None

D. REMARKS, HINTS & PRECAUTIONS:

24. None

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Name: Year & Section:

Laboratory Exercise No.7

PROBLEM : TOTAL STATION ORIENTATION 2
OBJECTIVE : a. To input coordinates

Laboratory Exercise Outline

A. INSTRUCTION & ACCESSORIES

Total Station (GM 50 Series)

B. PROCEDURE

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C. COMPUTATIONS
6. None

D. REMARKS, HINTS & PRECAUTIONS:

25. None

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