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Tutorial Sheet

The document discusses limits and sequences of real numbers. It provides examples of determining if sequences converge or are Cauchy sequences. It also examines limits of functions, including conditions for continuity, and properties of limits.

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jeet
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6 views

Tutorial Sheet

The document discusses limits and sequences of real numbers. It provides examples of determining if sequences converge or are Cauchy sequences. It also examines limits of functions, including conditions for continuity, and properties of limits.

Uploaded by

jeet
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial 1: Real Numbers and Sequences

Course Number : MA 105


Course Title : Calculus
Semester : Autumn 2018-19

1. Is there a rational number whose square is equal to 3?

2. Let A and B be nonempty subsets of R such that a ≤ b whenever a ∈ A and b ∈ B . Show


that A is bounded above, B is bounded below, and sup A ≤ inf B .

3. For a bounded function f : [a, b] → R, show that


sup | f | − inf | f | ≤ sup f − inf f ,
where | f | : [a, b] → R is defined as | f |(x) := | f (x)| ∀x ∈ R.

4. Let a ≤ b be real numbers. Are the following intervals bounded below/above?:


;, (a, b), [a, b), (a, b], [a, b], (a, ∞), [a, ∞), (−∞, b), (−∞, b] and R.
Find their sup, inf, max, min whenever they exist.

5. If lim a n = l 6= 0, show that there exists an n 0 ∈ N such that


n→∞

1 2
≤ ∀n ≥ n 0 .
|a n | |l |

6. Using only the definition of the convergence of a sequence, show that


10
(a) lim = 0 and
n→∞ n
n +1 n
µ ¶
(b) lim − = 0.
n→∞ n n +1
an
7. Let a ∈ R. Show that n! → 0.
n n
8. For n ∈ N, let c n :=
X
. Show that the sequence (c n ) is convergent, and find its
k=1 n2 + k
limit.
p p
9. Let a 1 := 2 and a n+1 := 2 + a n for n ∈ N. Show that the sequence (a n ) is convergent,
and find its limit.

10. Let a n := (−1)n ( 12 − n1 ) for n ∈ N. Is (a n ) convergent?


n 1
, n ∈ N. Show that a n is not a Cauchy sequence.
X
11. Let a n :=
i =1 i

1
Tutorial 2: Limits and Continuity

Course Number : MA 105


Course Title : Calculus
Semester : Autumn 2018-19

1. Let f : R → R be such that the lim f (x) exists for c ∈ R. Show that
x→c

lim [ f (c + x) − f (c − x)] = 0.
x→0
Analyze the converse.

2. Let f : R\{0} → R be such that


1
a) f (x) = sin
x
1
b) f (x) = x sin
x2
x
c) f (x) = .
|x|
Discuss about the existence of lim f (x) by using both the equivalent definitions, i.e.
x→0
sequential and ² − δ.

3. Define the Dirichlet function f : R → R as follows:


(
1 if x is rational,
f (x) :=
0 if x is irrational.
Show that there is no point r ∈ R such that lim f (x) exists.
x→r

4. Define the function f : R → R as follows:


(
x if x is rational,
f (x) := p
2 if x is irrational.
p
Show that f is continuous only at 2.

5. Let f : R → R be such that



x+2

 bx+2c
 if −1 ≤ x < 0
f (x) = 1 if x = 0
p4 − x

0 < x ≤ 1.

if
Show that the lim f (x) exists but f is not continuous at 0.
x→0

6. Let f : R → R satisfy f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y) for all x, y ∈ R. If f is continuous at 0, show


that f is continuous at every c ∈ R.

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