7_3679_APCalc_03Chapter1 10/3/08 4:20 PM Page 84

84 AP Calculus

Answer Key
1. C 9. B 17. D 25. C
2. E 10. E 18. D 26. A
3. D 11. C 19. A 27. A
4. E 12. B 20. E 28. C
5. D 13. B 21. E 29. D
6. B 14. E 22. D 30. C
7. C 15. A 23. B 31. A
8. C 16. B 24. A 32. D

Answers Explained
1. (C) f(–2) = (–2)3 – 2(–2) – 1 = –5.
2. (E) The denominator, x2 + 1, is never 0.
3. (D) Since x – 2 may not be negative, x " 2. The denominator equals 0 at x = 0
and x = 1, but these values are not in the interval x # 2.
4. (E) Since g(x) = 2, g is a constant function. Thus, for all f(x), g(f(x)) = 2.
5. (D) f(g(x)) = f(2) = –3.
6. (B) Solve the pair of equations
 4 = 1 + A + B − 3
 .
–6 = −1 + A − B − 3
Add to get A; substitute in either equation to get B. A = 2 and B = 4.
7. (C) The graph of f(x) is symmetrical to the origin if f(–x) = –f(x). In (C),
f(–x) = (–x)3 + 2(–x) = –x3 – 2x = –(x3 + 2x) = –f (x).
8. (C) For g to have an inverse function it must be one-to-one. Note, on page 338,
2
that although the graph of y = xe–x is symmetric to the origin, it is not
one-to-one.
π π
9. (B) Note that − 2 < arctan x < 2 ; the sine function varies from –1 to 1
π π
as the argument varies from − 2 to 2 .
10. (E) The maximum value of g is 2, attained when cos x = –1. On [0,2 ],
cos x = –1 for x = .
11. (C) f is odd if f(–x) = –f(x). In (C), f (–x) = (–x)3 + 1 = –x3 + 1 ≠ –f (x)
12. (B) Since f(q) = 0 if q = 1 or q = –2, f(2x) = 0 if 2x, a replacement for q, equals
1 or –2.
13. (B) f(x) = x(x2 + 4x + 4) = x(x + 2)2; f(x) = 0 for x = 0 and x = –2.
14. (E) Solving simultaneously yields (x + 2)2 = 4x; x2 + 4x + 4 = 4x; x2 + 4 = 0.
There are no real solutions.
15. (A) The reflection of y = f(x) in the y-axis is y = f(–x).
16. (B) If g is the inverse of f, then f is the inverse of g. This implies that the func-
tion f assigns to each value g(x) the number x.
7_3679_APCalc_03Chapter1 10/3/08 4:20 PM Page 85

Functions 85

17. (D) Since f is continuous (see page 101), then, if f is negative at a and positive
at b, f must equal 0 at some intermediate point. Since f(1) = –2 and f(2) =
13, this point is between 1 and 2.
2π
18. (D) The function sin bx has period 2π
b
. Then 2π ÷ 3 = 3.

19. (A) Since ln q is defined only if q > 0, the domain of ln cos x is the set of x for
which cos x > 0, that is, when 0 < cos x ! 1. Thus – < ln cos x ! 0.

20. (E) logb 3b = 2b implies b logb 3 = 2b . Then logb 3 = 12 and 3 = b1/2. So 32 = b.

21. (E) Letting y = f(x) = x3 + 2, we get

x3 = y – 2, x = 3 y − 2 = f –1(y).
So f –1(x) = 3 x − 2 .
22. (D) Since f(1) = 0, x – 1 is a factor of f. Since f(x) divided by x – 1 yields
x2 – x – 2, f(x) = (x – 1) (x + 1) (x – 2); the roots are x = 1, –1, and 2.
23. (B) If – π < x < π , then – < tan x < and 0 < etan x < .
2 2

24. (A) The reflection of f(x) in the x-axis is –f(x).

25. (C) (x)

f(x) attains its maximum when sin 3 does. The maximum value of the
sine function is 1; the smallest positive occurrence is at π . Set x equal to π .
2 3 2

26. (A) (2) 4 ( )

arccos − 2 = 3π ; tan 34π = –1.

y y
27. (A) Let y = f(x) = 2e–x; then 2 = e–x and ln 2 = –x. So
y 2
x = –ln 2 = ln y = f –1(y).

Thus f –1(x) = ln 2x .

28. (C) The function in (C) is not one-to-one since, for each y between – 12 and 12
(except 0), there are two x’s in the domain.
29. (D) The domain of the ln function is the set of positive reals. The function
g(x) > 0 if x 2 < 9.
30. (C) Since the domain of f(g) is (–3, 3), ln (9 – x2) takes on every real value less
than or equal to ln 9.
31. (A) Substituting t 2 = x – 3 in y(t) = t 2 + 4 yields y = x + 1.
2

Using the identity cos2(t) + sin2(t) = 1, x +   = 1.

y
32. (D)
 2