Microprocessor Based Systems

Session 1
-Introduction-
-Computing devices-
-Embedded systems-

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Q-What are the Computing and Control Devices According to the Real
time applications ?

➢ According to the real applications we have

• Computer. General Computer PLC

• Programmable Logic Controller (PLC).

• Microcontroller.

• Microprocessor.
Microcontroller Microprocessor
(Arduino UNO/AVR) (Intel CPU)
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Q-What are the specifications of the General purpose Computers ?
1-Very powerful and expensive processors.
• many address lines.
• complex execution units.
• very high instruction rates.

2-Sophisticated mechanisms which allow users to input information.

• mouse, keyboard, graphics tablets, scanners.

3-Sophisticated mechanisms to present the information to the user.

• high resolution graphics displays, complex audio circuitry.

4-Large amounts of permanents storage.

• CD-ROM, hard disk drives.

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Q-What is the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) ?

• It is a programmable computing device that is used to manage electromechanical

processes, And works in industrial environments including humidity, temperature,

shocks, etc..

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Q-What is the Microprocessor ?

• Processors are the brains of computers

• It is a multipurpose, programmable, Processor on Motherboard

Of a Computer
clock-driven, register-based electronic device.

• It reads binary instructions from a storage device called memory

accepts binary data as input and provides results as output.

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Q-What is the Microcontroller ?

• It is a complete computer on a single chip.

• Containing:

o Direct input and output capability (I/O Ports).

o Memory (RAM/ROM).

o A Microprocessor (CPU).

o Clock Source
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 Q-Compare between Microprocessor and Microcontroller.
Microprocessor Microcontroller

VS

• CPU is stand-alone, RAM, ROM, I/O, timer are • CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and timer are all on a
separate. single chip.
• designer can decide on the amount of ROM, • fixed amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, I/O ports.
RAM and I/O ports. • for applications in which cost, power and space
• Expensive. are critical.
• versatility (adaptable to different functions). • single-purpose (control-oriented)
• general-purpose. • Low power consumption.
• High power consumption.
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Q-What are the components of Microprocessor / Microcontroller?
1. CPU: Central Processing Unit

2. I/O: Input /Output

3. Bus: Address bus & Data bus

4. Memory: RAM & ROM

5. Timer

6. Interrupt

7. Serial Port

8. Parallel Port
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Q-What are the Embedded Systems ?

• The Embedded system is a combination between the software and hardware to

perform a specific tasks.
• Embedded Systems can not only be stand-alone devices like Washing Machines but
also be a part of a much larger system such as the cars.
• Examples :
o Washing machines.
o Printers.
o Digital Camera.
o Cars.

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Q-What are the Embedded System components ?

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➢ Embedded systems programming languages

• Earlier Embedded Systems were developed using Assembly Language.

• The Assembly Language difficult to work with, because the Assembly Language is

closest to the machine code instructions, and the lack of portability, high amount of

resources spent on developing the code.

• There are other high-level programming languages that offered the above mentioned

features but none were close to C Programming Language.

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Q-Mention the factors for selecting the programming language ?
• Size:
o The memory that the program occupies is very important because the memory in the
embedded systems is limited.
• Speed:
o The hardware should not be slowed down due to a slow running software so, The
programs must be very fast as possible.
• Portability:
o The same program can be compiled for different processors.
• Ease of Implementation.
• Ease of Maintenance.
• Readability. Microprocessor -Session1- Eng.Ahmed Abdel-Gawad 12
Q- Is the smartphone an embedded system ?

• A smartphone is not an embedded computer. It is a complete system (a general-purpose

computing device that runs the environment that the user works inside of). However,

smartphones do contain several embedded systems, like the modem core and the single-

chip Wi-Fi + BT + GPS solutions.

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Q- Is the laptop an embedded system ?

• An embedded system is a special-purpose computer system designed to perform a

dedicated function.

• An embedded system is any electronic system that uses a CPU chip, but that is not a

general-purpose workstation, so the desktop or laptop computer is not an embedded

system.

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Q- What are the applications of the embedded system?
• Consumer electronics include:
o MP3 players
o video game consoles
o digital cameras
o GPS receivers
o printers
• Household appliances, such as:
o microwave ovens
o washing machines
o dishwashers
Include embedded systems to provide flexibility, efficiency and features.
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 Thank you !!

Quiz Next Week

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