LINEAR EQUATION IN TWO VARIABLE

Main Concepts and Results:

● Any equation which can be written in the form ax + by+ c = 0, where a, b and c are real
numbers a≠0, b≠0 is called a linear equation in two variables.
● An ordered pair ( x ,y)is the solution of linear equation in two variables if this point satisfies the
linear equation ax + by + c = 0.
● Examples of line are equation in two variables -2x ꞱꞱ4y Ʇ1, xꞱ10y ꞱꞱꞱ5, etc.
● A linear equation has a unique solution when there exists only one point which satisfies the
linear equation.
● For example: Solution of 2x+6 =2 is
● 2x+6=2
2x = 2−6

2x = −4

x = −4 ÷ 2

x = −2

In 2x+6=2 has only one variable x therefore x has unique solution. Also, geometrically it
will be a point on rectangular axes whose ordinate will be 0.

● A system of linear equation has unique solution when the system of lines intersects each
other at only one point.
● A linear equation in two variables have infinitely many solutions means there are more
than one ordered pair which satisfy the equation.
● Equation of x-axis is y=0 because in x-axis, y coordinates are always zero and the coordinate
form of any point on x-axis will be (x, 0).
● Equation of y-axis is x =0 because at y-axis x-coordinates are always zero and the coordinate
form of any point on y-axis will be ( 0 , y )

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ILLUSTRATIONS:

MCQ TYPES OF QUESTIONS:

1. Which points given below satisfy the equation 2x + 3y = 12?

A. (-6, 8) B. (6, -8) C. (3, 2) D.( − 4, 5)

Ans. A

2. Which of the following is a linear equation in one variable?

A. 2x + 3y = 0 B. x2 = 5x + 3 C. 5x = y2 + 3 D. 2x + 5 = 11

Ans. D

3. The cost of book (x) exceeds twice the cost of pen (y) by 10 rupees. This statement can be
expressed as linear equation as:

A. x -2y-10=0 B. 2x-y-10=0 C. 2x+y-10=0 D. x-2y+10=0

Ans. A

4. The linear equation 2x – 5y = 7 has

(A) unique solution (B) Two solutions (C) Infinitely many solutions (D) No solution

Ans. C

5. Assertion: (2,1) is a solution of 2x + 3y = 7

Reason: If Ordered pair (p, q) lies on the line then it is one of the solutions of line ax + by
+ c = 0.

A) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and reason is correct explanation for the assertion.

B) Both Assertion and Reason are false but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.

C) Assertion is correct but reason is false.

D) Both Assertion and reason are false.

Ans. A

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:

1.Find the points where the graph of the equation 3x + 4y = 12 cuts the x-axis and the y-axis.

Ans. The graph of the linear equation 3x + 4y = 12 cuts the x-axis at the point where y = 0.
On putting y = 0 in the linear equation, we have 3x = 12, which gives x = 4. Thus, the
required point is (4, 0).
5
2. Determine the point on the graph of the equation 2x + 5y = 20 whose x-coordinate is
2
times its ordinate.
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 5 5
Ans. As the x-coordinate of the point is times its ordinate, therefore, x = y. Now putting
2 2
value of x in 2x + 5y = 20, we get, y = 2. Therefore, x = 5. Thus, the required point is (5, 2).

3. At what point does the graph of the linear equation x + y = 5 meet a line which is parallel
to the y-axis, at a distance 2 units from the origin and in the positive direction of x-axis.

Ans. The coordinates of the points lying on the line parallel to the y-axis, at a distance 2 units
from the origin and in the positive direction of the x-axis are of the form (2, a). Putting x = 2,
y = a in the equation x + y = 5, we get a = 3. Thus, the required point is (2, 3).

4. Draw the graph of the equation represented by the straight line which is parallel to the x-
axis and is 4 units above it.

Ans.

5. Let y varies directly as x. If y = 12 when x = 4, then write a linear equation. What is the
value of y when x = 5.

Ans. This shows that y = 3x

Hence, at x = 5 we get y = 15.

QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE:

MCQ TYPES OF QUESTIONS:
1. The positive solutions of the equation ax + by + c = 0 always lie in the (A) 1st
quadrant (B) 2nd quadrant (C) 3rd quadrant (D) 4th quadrant
2. x = 5, y = 2 is a solution of the linear equation
(A) x + 2 y = 7 (B) 5x + 2y = 7 (C) x + y = 7 (D) 5 x + y =7
3. How many linear equations in x and y can be satisfied by x = 1 and y = 2?
(A) Only one (B) Two (C) Infinitely many (D) Three
4. Any point on the line y = x is of the form
(A) (a, a) (B) (0, a) (C) (a, 0) (D) (a, – a)
5. Assertion: The graph of y = b is always parallel to x- axis.
Reason: The graph of y = 6 is a line that passes through the origin.
A) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and reason is correct explanation for the assertion.
B) Both Assertion and Reason are false but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
C) Assertion is correct but reason is false.
D) Both Assertion and reason are false.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:

1.How many solution(s) of the equation 2x + 1 = x – 3 are there on the:

(i) Number line (ii) Cartesian plane

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 2. Show that the points A (1, 2), B (– 1, – 16) and C (0, – 7) lie on the graph of the linear
equation y = 9x – 7.

3. For what value of c, the linear equation 2x + cy = 8 has equal values of x and y for its
solution.

4. The following observed values of x and y are thought to satisfy a linear equation. Write the
linear equation:

x 6 −6
y −2 6
Draw the graph using the values of x, y as given in the above table. At what points the graph
of the linear equation

(i) cuts the x-axis (ii) cuts the y-axis

5. If the point (3, 4) lies on the graph of 3y = ax + 7, then find the value of a.

ANSWERS:

MCQ QUESTIONS

1. A 2.C 3. C 4. A 5. C

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

8−𝑥
1.One, infinite 2. yes, all points are solutions. 3. c = 𝑥

4. The graph cuts the x-axis at (3, 0) and the y-axis at (0, 2).

5
5. 3

PRACTICE TEST-1

MARKS: 20

Q NO. QUESTIONS
SECTION - A
1. The equation of x–axis is 1
(a)a = 0 (b)y= 0 (c)x=0 (d)y=k
2. The ordered pair (m , n) satisfies the equation ax + by + c = 0 if 1

(a)am+ bn=0 (b)c =0 (c)am+ bn+ c =0 (d)am+bn–c= 0

3. Which of the following is not a linear equation in two 1

variables?
(a)ax+ by= c (b)ax2+by=c (c)2x+3y=5 (d)3x+2y=6

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4. A linear equation in two variables has __solutions. 1

(a)no (b)only one (c)only two (d)infinitely many

5. x=5 , y=2is a solution of the linear equation 1

(a)x+2y=7 (b)5x+ 2y=7 (c)x+y=7 (d)5x+y=7

6. The graph of the linear equation 2x+3y =6 is a line which meets 1
the x-axis at the point
(a)(2,0) (b)(0,3) (c)(3,0) (d)(0,2)
7. The point of the form (a , a)always lies on: 1
(a) x–axis (b)y–axis (c)on the line y = x (d)on the line x + y=0

8. The solution of the equation x– 2y = 4 is: 1

(a)(0,2) (b)(4,0) (c)(1,1) (d)(2,0)

9. If (2 , 0) is a solution of the linear equation 2x + 3y = k, then the 1
value of k is
(a)4 (b)6 (c)5 (d)2
10. The equation x = 7, in two variables, can be written as 1
(a)x+0y= 7 b) 0x+ y=7 (c) 0x + 0y= 7 (d)x +y=7

SECTION-B
11. Find the solution of the linear equation x+2y = 8 which 2
represents a point on (i)x-axis (ii)y-axis
12. Solve the equation 2x+1 = x–3, and represent the solution(s) on 2

(i) The number line,

(ii) The Cartesian plane.
13. Let y varies directly as x. If y = 12 when x=4, then write a 2
linear equation. What is the value of y when x= 5?
14. Determine the point on the graph of the equation 2x + 5y = 20 2
5
whose x-coordinate is times its ordinate.
2

15. What is the distance of (2 , 4) from x-axis and y-axis. 2

ANSWERS:

1.b 2. C 3.b 4.d 5. C 6.c 7.c 8.b 9.a 10. a

11. (i) (8,0) (ii) (0,4)

12. x= −4

13.y = 3x, y = 15

14.(5,2)
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 PRACTICE TEST-2

MARKS: 30

Q QUESTION
N
0
.
SECTION - A
1 Which of the following represent a line parallel to x-axis? 1
(A) x + y = 3 (B) 2X + 3 = 7
(C) 2Y – 3 = Y – 7 (D) x + 3= 0
2 The point of the form (a, – a) always lies on the line 1
. (A) x = a (B) y = – a (C) y = x (D) x + y =0
3 If we multiply or divide both sides of a linear equation 1
with a non-zero number, then the solution of the linear
equation:
(A) Changes (B) Remains the same
(C) Changes in case of multiplication only
(D) Changes in case of division only
4 The equation 2x + 5y = 7 has a unique solution, if x, y is: 1
(A) Natural numbers (B) Positive real numbers
(C) Real numbers (D) Rational numbers
5 The linear equation 3x – y = x – 1 has: 1
(A) A unique solution (B) Two solutions
(C) Infinitely many solutions (D) No solution
6 A linear equation in two variables is of the form ax + by + 1
. c = 0, where
(A) a ≠ 0, b ≠ 0 (B) a = 0, b ≠ 0 (C) a ≠ 0, b = 0
(D) a = 0, c = 0
7 Any point on the y-axis is of the form 1
. (A) (x, 0) (B) (x, y) (C) (0, y) (D) ( y, y)
8 The solution of a linear equation in two variables is 1
.
(A) a number which satisfies the given equation
(B) an ordered pair which satisfies the given equation
(C)an ordered pair, whose respective values when substituted for
x and y in the given equation, satisfies it
(D) none of these
9 The graph of ax + by + c= 0 is 1
.
(A)a straight line parallel to x–axis
(B) a straight line parallel to y–axis
(C)a general straight line
(D) a line in the 2nd and 3rd quadrant
1 The ordered pair (m , n) satisfies the equation ax+by+c = 0 1
0 if
.
(A) am+ bn= 0 (B)c = 0
(C)am+ bn+ c =0 (D)am+bn–c= 0

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1 The linear graph 2x + 3y = 12 cuts y axis at 1
1
. (A) (3, 0) (B) (4, y) (C) (2, 2) (D) (3,2)
1 The graph of the linear equation in two variables y= mx is 1
2
. (A)a line parallel to x–axis
(B)a line parallel to y–axis
(C)a line passing through the origin
(D)not a straight line
1 How many linear equations in x and y can be satisfied by 1
3 x=−1and y=3?
.
(A) Only one (B)two
(B) (C)three (D)infinitely many
1 Point(3,1)lies on the line: 1
4
. (A)x+2y=5 (B)x+ 2y= –6 (C)x+2y=6 (D)x+2y=16
1 The graph of the linear equation x + 2y = 7 passes through 1
5 the point
.
(a)(0, 7) (b)(4, 3) (c)(6,1) (d)(7,0)

1 The graph below is of which linear equation: 1

6
. (A) x + y = 0
(B) x – y = 0
(C) 2x + y = 3
(D) 2x – 3y = 4
1 The following is the graph of which 1
7 linear equation:
.
(A) x – 3 = 0
(B) x = y
(C) 2x +y = 0
(D) x + 2y = 0
1 The graphs of linear equations y = x and y = – x on the same 1
8 cartesian plane. What do you observe?
.
(A) Both lines intersect at origin.
(B) Both lines are parallel to x-axis.
(C) Both lines are parallel to y-axis.
(D) None of these.
1 Assertion: (2,4) is a solution of 2x + 3y = 16 1
9
. Reason: If Ordered pair (p, q) lies on the line then it is one
of the solutions of line ax + by + c = 0.

A) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and reason is

correct explanation for the assertion.
B) Both Assertion and Reason are false but reason is not
correct explanation for assertion.
C) Assertion is correct but reason is false.
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 D) Both Assertion and reason are false.
2 The value of k if (3,1) lies on 4x − ky = −2 1
0
. a)10 (b)14 (c)15 (d)12

SECTION - B

2 Form a linear equation whose solutions are represented by 2

1 the points having the sum of the coordinates as 10 units.
.
2 Determine the point on the equation 2x + 5y = 20 whose 2
2 5
. x-coordinate is times its ordinate.
2

2 How many solution(s) of the equation 2

3 3x + 1 = 2x – 3 are there on the:
. (i) Number line (ii) Cartesian plane
2 Find four different solutions of the equation x + 2y = 6. 2
4
.
2 The cost of a notebook is twice the cost of a pen. Write a linear 2
5 equation in two variables to represent this statement.
.

ANSWERS:

1.C 2. B 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.C 13.C 14.A 15.D
5
16.A 17.A 18.A 19.A 20.B 21. x + y = 10 22. 2 23. (i) one (ii) infinite 24. (2,2),
(0,3), (6,0), (4,1)

25. let cost of one pen be x and one notebook be y

y = 2x

y – 2x = 0

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