17.

Increasing and Decreasing Functions

Exercise 17.1
1. Question

Prove that the function f(x) = loge x is increasing on (0, ∞).

Answer

let x1,x 2 (0, )

We have, x1<x2

⇒ loge x1 < loge x2

⇒ f(x1) < f(x2)

So, f(x) is increasing in (0, )

2. Question

Prove that the function f(x) = loga x is increasing on (0, ∞) if a > 1 and decresing on (0, ∞), if 0 < a < 1.

Answer

case I

When a > 1

let x1,x 2 (0, )

We have, x1<x2

⇒ loge x1 < loge x2

⇒ f(x1) < f(x2)

So, f(x) is increasing in (0, )

case II

When 0 < a < 1

f(x) = loga x

when a<1 log a < 0

let x1<x2

⇒ log x1 < log x2

⇒ [ ]

⇒ f(x1) > f(x2)

So, f(x) is decreasing in (0, )

3. Question

Prove that f(x) = ax + b, where a, b are constants and a > 0 is an increasing function on R.

Answer

we have,

f(x) = ax + b, a > 0
let x1,x 2 R and x1 > x2

⇒ ax1 > ax2 for some a > 0

⇒ ax1 + b> ax2 + b for some b

⇒ f(x1) > f(x2)

Hence, x1 > x2⇒ f(x1) > f(x2)

So, f(x) is increasing function of R

4. Question

Prove that f(x) = ax + b, where a, b are constants and a < 0 is a decreasing function on R.

Answer

we have,

f(x) = ax + b, a < 0

let x1,x 2 R and x1 > x2

⇒ ax1 < ax2 for some a > 0

⇒ ax1 + b< ax2 + b for some b

⇒ f(x1) < f(x2)

Hence, x1 > x2⇒ f(x1) < f(x2)

So, f(x) is decreasing function of R

5. Question

Show that is a decreasing function on (0, ∞).

Answer

we have

let x1,x 2 (0, ) We have, x1 > x2

⇒ f(x1) < f(x2)

Hence, x1 > x2⇒ f(x1) < f(x2)

So, f(x) is decreasing function

6. Question

Show that decreases in the interval [0, ∞) and increases in the interval (-∞, 0].

Answer

We have,
Case 1

When x [0, )

Let , (0, ] and

⇒ f(x1)< f(x2)

f(x) is decreasing on[0,∞).

Case 2

When x (- ,0]

Let >

f(x) is increasing on(-∞,0].

Thus, f(x) is neither increasing nor decreasing on R.

7. Question

Show that is neither increasing nor decreasing on R.

Answer

We have,

Case 1

When x [0, )

Let >

f(x1) < f(x2)

⇒ f(x) is decreasing on[0,∞).

Case 2

When x (- ,0]
Let >

f(x) is increasing on(-∞,0].

Thus, f(x) is neither increasing nor decreasing on R.

8. Question

Without using the derivative, show that the function f(x) = | x | is

A. strictly increasing in (0, ∞)

B. strictly decreasing in (-∞, 0).

Answer

We have,

f(x) = |x| =

(a)Let , (0, ) and

So, f(x) is increasing in (0, )

(b) Let , (-∞, 0)and

f(x) is strictly decreasing on(-∞, 0).

9. Question

Without using the derivative show that the function f(x) = 7x - 3 is strictly increasing function on R.

Answer

Given,

f(x) = 7x – 3

Lets , R and

⇒7 >7

⇒7 >7

f(x) is strictly increasing on R.

Exercise 17.2
1 A. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

f(x) = 10 – 6x – 2x2
Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = 10 – 6x – 2x2

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a, b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain, it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = 10 – 6x – 2x2

⇒ f’(x) = –6 – 4x

For f(x) to be increasing, we must have

⇒ f’(x) > 0

⇒ –6 –4x > 0

⇒ –4x > 6

Thus f(x) is increasing on the interval

Again, For f(x) to be increasing, we must have

f’(x) < 0

⇒ –6 –4x < 0

⇒ –4x < 6

Thus f(x) is decreasing on interval

1 B. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

f(x) = x2 + 2x – 5

Answer
Given:- Function f(x) = x2 + 2x – 5

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain, it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = x2 + 2x – 5

⇒ f’(x) = 2x + 2

For f(x) to be increasing, we must have

⇒ f’(x) > 0

⇒ 2x + 2 > 0

⇒ 2x < –2

⇒ x < –1

⇒ x ∈ (–∞,–1)

Thus f(x) is increasing on interval (–∞,–1)

Again, For f(x) to be increasing, we must have

f’(x) < 0

⇒ 2x + 2 < 0

⇒ 2x > –2

⇒ x> –1

⇒ x ∈ (–1,∞)

Thus f(x) is decreasing on interval x ∈ (–1, ∞)

1 C. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

f(x) = 6 – 9x – x2

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = 6 – 9x – x2

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = 6 – 9x – x2

⇒ f’(x) = –9 – 2x

For f(x) to be increasing, we must have

⇒ f’(x) > 0

⇒ –9 – 2x > 0

⇒ –2x > 9

Thus f(x) is increasing on interval

Again, For f(x) to be decreasing, we must have

f’(x) < 0

⇒ –9 – 2x < 0

⇒ –2x < 9

Thus f(x) is decreasing on interval

1 D. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

f(x) = 2x3 – 12x2 + 18x + 15

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = 2x3 – 12x2 + 18x + 15

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a, b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = 2x3 – 12x2 + 18x + 15

⇒ f’(x) = 6x2 – 24x + 18

For f(x) lets find critical point, we must have

⇒ f’(x) = 0

⇒ 6x2 – 24x + 18 = 0

⇒ 6(x2 – 4x + 3) = 0

⇒ 6(x2 – 3x – x + 3) = 0

⇒ 6(x – 3)(x – 1) = 0

⇒ (x – 3)(x – 1) = 0

⇒x=3,1

clearly, f’(x) > 0 if x < 1 and x > 3

and f’(x) < 0 if 1< x < 3

Thus, f(x) increases on (–∞,1) ∪ (3, ∞)

and f(x) is decreasing on interval x ∈ (1,3)

1 E. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

f(x) = 5 + 36x + 3x2 – 2x3

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = 5 + 36x + 3x2 – 2x3

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = 5 + 36x + 3x2 – 2x3

⇒

⇒ f’(x) = 36 + 6x – 6x2

For f(x) lets find critical point, we must have

⇒ f’(x) = 0

⇒ 36 + 6x – 6x2 = 0

⇒ 6(–x2 + x + 6) = 0

⇒ 6(–x2 + 3x – 2x + 6) = 0

⇒ –x2 + 3x – 2x + 6 = 0

⇒ x2 – 3x + 2x – 6 = 0

⇒ (x – 3)(x + 2) = 0

⇒x=3,–2

clearly, f’(x) > 0 if –2< x < 3

and f’(x) < 0 if x < –2 and x > 3

Thus, f(x) increases on x ∈ (–2,3)

and f(x) is decreasing on interval (–∞,–2) ∪ (3, ∞)

1 F. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

f(x) = 8 + 36x + 3x2 – 2x3

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = 8 + 36x + 3x2 – 2x3

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = 8 + 36x + 3x2 – 2x3

⇒ f’(x) = 36 + 6x – 6x2

For f(x) lets find critical point, we must have

⇒ f’(x) = 0

⇒ 36 + 6x – 6x2 = 0
⇒ 6(–x2 + x + 6) = 0

⇒ 6(–x2 + 3x – 2x + 6) = 0

⇒ –x2 + 3x – 2x + 6 = 0

⇒ x2 – 3x + 2x – 6 = 0

⇒ (x – 3)(x + 2) = 0

⇒x=3,–2

clearly, f’(x) > 0 if –2< x < 3

and f’(x) < 0 if x < –2 and x > 3

Thus, f(x) increases on x ∈ (–2,3)

and f(x) is decreasing on interval (–∞,–2) ∪ (3, ∞)

1 G. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

f(x) = 5x3 – 15x2 – 120x + 3

Answer

Given:– Function f(x) = 5x3 – 15x2 – 120x + 3

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = 5x3 – 15x2 – 120x + 3

⇒ f’(x) = 15x2 – 30x – 120

For f(x) lets find critical point, we must have

⇒ f’(x) = 0

⇒ 15x2 – 30x – 120 = 0

⇒ 15(x2 – 2x – 8) = 0

⇒ 15(x2 – 4x + 2x – 8) = 0

⇒ x2 – 4x + 2x – 8 = 0

⇒ (x – 4)(x + 2) = 0

⇒x=4,–2

clearly, f’(x) > 0 if x < –2 and x > 4

and f’(x) < 0 if –2< x < 4

Thus, f(x) increases on (–∞,–2) ∪ (4, ∞)

and f(x) is decreasing on interval x ∈ (–2,4)

1 H. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

f(x) = x3 – 6x2 – 36x + 2

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = x3 – 6x2 – 36x + 2

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = x3 – 6x2 – 36x + 2

⇒ f’(x) = 3x2 – 12x – 36

For f(x) lets find critical point, we must have

⇒ f’(x) = 0

⇒ 3x2 – 12x – 36 = 0

⇒ 3(x2 – 4x – 12) = 0

⇒ 3(x2 – 6x + 2x – 12) = 0

⇒ x2 – 6x + 2x – 12 = 0

⇒ (x – 6)(x + 2) = 0

⇒ x = 6, – 2

clearly, f’(x) > 0 if x < –2 and x > 6

and f’(x) < 0 if –2< x < 6

Thus, f(x) increases on (–∞,–2) ∪ (6, ∞)

and f(x) is decreasing on interval x ∈ (–2,6)

1 I. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

f(x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x + 1

Answer
Given:- Function f(x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x + 1

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x + 1

⇒ f’(x) = 6x2 – 30x + 36

For f(x) lets find critical point, we must have

⇒ f’(x) = 0

⇒ 6x2 – 30x + 36 = 0

⇒ 6(x2 – 5x + 6) = 0

⇒ 3(x2 – 3x – 2x + 6) = 0

⇒ x2 – 3x – 2x + 6 = 0

⇒ (x – 3)(x – 2) = 0

⇒ x = 3, 2

clearly, f’(x) > 0 if x < 2 and x > 3

and f’(x) < 0 if 2 < x < 3

Thus, f(x) increases on (–∞, 2) ∪ (3, ∞)

and f(x) is decreasing on interval x ∈ (2,3)

1 J. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

f(x) = 2x3 + 9x2 + 12x + 20

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = 2x3 + 9x2 + 12x + 20

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = 2x3 + 9x2 + 12x + 20

⇒ f’(x) = 6x2 + 18x + 12

For f(x) lets find critical point, we must have

⇒ f’(x) = 0

⇒ 6x2 + 18x + 12 = 0

⇒ 6(x2 + 3x + 2) = 0

⇒ 6(x2 + 2x + x + 2) = 0

⇒ x2 + 2x + x + 2 = 0

⇒ (x + 2)(x + 1) = 0

⇒ x = –1, –2

clearly, f’(x) > 0 if –2 < x < –1

and f’(x) < 0 if x < –1 and x > –2

Thus, f(x) increases on x ∈ (–2,–1)

and f(x) is decreasing on interval (–∞, –2) ∪ (–2, ∞)

1 K. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

f(x) = 2x3 – 9x2 + 12x – 5

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = 2x3 – 9x2 + 12x – 5

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = 2x3 – 9x2 + 12x – 5

⇒ f’(x) = 6x2 – 18x + 12

For f(x) lets find critical point, we must have

⇒ f’(x) = 0

⇒ 6x2 – 18x + 12 = 0

⇒ 6(x2 – 3x + 2) = 0

⇒ 6(x2 – 2x – x + 2) = 0

⇒ x2 – 2x – x + 2 = 0

⇒ (x – 2)(x – 1) = 0

⇒ x = 1, 2

clearly, f’(x) > 0 if x < 1 and x > 2

and f’(x) < 0 if 1 < x < 2

Thus, f(x) increases on (–∞, 1) ∪ (2, ∞)

and f(x) is decreasing on interval x ∈ (1,2)

1 L. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

f(x) = 6 + 12x + 3x2 – 2x3

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = -2x 3 + 3x2 + 12x + 6

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = –2x3 + 3x2 + 12x + 6

⇒ f’(x) = –6x2 + 6x + 12

For f(x) lets find critical point, we must have

⇒ f’(x) = 0

⇒ –6x2 + 6x + 12 = 0

⇒ 6(–x2 + x + 2) = 0

⇒ 6(–x2 + 2x – x + 2) = 0

⇒ x2 – 2x + x – 2 = 0

⇒ (x – 2)(x + 1) = 0

⇒ x = –1, 2
clearly, f’(x) > 0 if –1 < x < 2

and f’(x) < 0 if x < –1 and x > 2

Thus, f(x) increases on x ∈ (–1, 2)

and f(x) is decreasing on interval (–∞, –1) ∪ (2, ∞)

1 M. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

f(x) = 2x3 – 24x + 107

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = 2x3 – 24x + 107

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = 2x3 – 24x + 107

⇒ f’(x) = 6x2 – 24

For f(x) lets find critical point, we must have

⇒ f’(x) = 0

⇒ 6x2 – 24 = 0

⇒ 6(x2 – 4) = 0

⇒ (x – 2)(x + 2) = 0

⇒ x = –2, 2

clearly, f’(x) > 0 if x < –2 and x > 2

and f’(x) < 0 if –2 < x < 2

Thus, f(x) increases on (–∞, –2) ∪ (2, ∞)

and f(x) is decreasing on interval x ∈ (–2,2)

1 N. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

f(x) = – 2x3 – 9x2 – 12x + 1

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = –2x3 – 9x2 – 12x + 1

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = –2x3 – 9x2 – 12x + 1

⇒ f’(x) = – 6x2 – 18x – 12

For f(x) lets find critical point, we must have

⇒ f’(x) = 0

⇒ –6x2 – 18x – 12 = 0

⇒ 6x2 + 18x + 12 = 0

⇒ 6(x2 + 3x + 2) = 0

⇒ 6(x2 + 2x + x + 2) = 0

⇒ x2 + 2x + x + 2 = 0

⇒ (x + 2)(x + 1) = 0

⇒ x = –1, –2

clearly, f’(x) > 0 if x < –2 and x >–1

and f’(x) < 0 if –2 < x < –1

Thus, f(x) increases on (–∞, –2) ∪ (–1, ∞)

and f(x) is decreasing on interval x ∈ (–2, –1)

1 O. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

f(x) = (x – 1) (x – 2)2

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = (x – 1) (x – 2)2

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = (x – 1) (x – 2)2

⇒ f’(x) =(x – 2)2 +2(x – 2)(x – 1)

⇒ f’(x) = (x – 2)(x – 2 + 2x – 2)

⇒ f’(x) = (x – 2 )(3x – 4)

For f(x) lets find critical point, we must have

⇒ f’(x) = 0

⇒ (x – 2 )(3x – 4) = 0

⇒ x = 2,

clearly, f’(x) > 0 if and x >2

and f’(x) < 0 if

Thus, f(x) increases on

and f(x) is decreasing on interval

1 P. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

f(x) = x3 – 12x2 + 36x + 17

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = x3 – 12x2 + 36x + 17

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = x3 – 12x2 + 36x + 17

⇒ f’(x) = 3x2 – 24x + 36

For f(x) lets find critical point, we must have

⇒ f’(x) = 0

⇒ 3x2 – 24x + 36 = 0

⇒ 3(x2 – 8x + 12) = 0

⇒ 3(x2 – 6x – 2x + 12) = 0

⇒ x2 – 6x – 2x + 12 = 0

⇒ (x – 6)(x – 2) = 0

⇒ x = 2, 6

clearly, f’(x) > 0 if x < 2 and x > 6

and f’(x) < 0 if 2 < x < 6

Thus, f(x) increases on (–∞, 2) ∪ (6, ∞)

and f(x) is decreasing on interval x ∈ (2, 6)

1 Q. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

f(x) = 2x3 – 24x + 7

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = 2x3 – 24x + 7

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = 2x3 – 24x + 7

⇒ f’(x) = 6x2 – 24

For f(x) to be increasing, we must have

⇒ f’(x) > 0

⇒ 6x2 – 24 > 0

⇒ x2 < 4

⇒ x < –2, +2

⇒ x ∈ (–∞,–2) and x ∈ (2,∞)

Thus f(x) is increasing on interval (–∞, –2) ∪ (2, ∞)

Again, For f(x) to be increasing, we must have

f’(x) < 0

⇒ 6x2 – 24< 0

⇒ x2 < 4

⇒ x> –1

⇒ x ∈ (–1,∞)

Thus f(x) is decreasing on interval x ∈ (–1, ∞)

1 R. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

Answer

Given:- Function

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

For f(x) lets find critical point, we must have

⇒ f’(x) = 0

⇒ x =1, –2, 3

Now, lets check values of f(x) between different ranges

Here points x = 1, –2 , 3 divide the number line into disjoint intervals namely, (–∞, –2),(–2, 1), (1, 3) and (3,
∞)

Lets consider interval (–∞, –2)

In this case, we have x – 1 < 0, x + 2 < 0 and x – 3 < 0

Therefore, f’(x) < 0 when –∞ < x < –2

Thus, f(x) is strictly decreasing on interval x ∈ (–∞, –2)

consider interval (–2, 1)

In this case, we have x – 1 < 0, x + 2 > 0 and x – 3 < 0

Therefore, f’(x) > 0 when –2 < x < 1

Thus, f(x) is strictly increases on interval x ∈ (–2, 1)

Now, consider interval (1, 3)

In this case, we have x – 1 > 0, x + 2 > 0 and x – 3 < 0

Therefore, f’(x) < 0 when 1 < x < 3

Thus, f(x) is strictly decreases on interval x ∈ (1, 3)

finally, consider interval (3, ∞)

In this case, we have x – 1 > 0, x + 2 > 0 and x – 3 > 0

Therefore, f’(x) > 0 when x > 3

Thus, f(x) is strictly increases on interval x ∈ (3, ∞)

1 S. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

f(x) = x4 – 4x

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = x4 – 4x

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = x4 – 4x

⇒ f’(x) = 4x3 – 4

For f(x) lets find critical point, we must have

⇒ f’(x) = 0

⇒ 4x3 – 4 = 0

⇒ 4(x3 – 1) = 0
⇒x=1

clearly, f’(x) > 0 if x > 1

and f’(x) < 0 if x < 1

Thus, f(x) increases on (1, ∞)

and f(x) is decreasing on interval x ∈ (–∞, 1)

1 T. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

Answer

Given:- Function

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

⇒ f’(x) = x3 + 2x2 – 5x – 6

For f(x) lets find critical point, we must have

⇒ f’(x) = 0

⇒ x3 + 2x2 – 5x – 6 = 0

⇒ (x+1)(x – 2)(x + 3) = 0

⇒ x = –1, 2 , –3

clearly, f’(x) > 0 if –3 < x < –1 and x > 2

and f’(x) < 0 if x < –3 and –3 < x < –1

Thus, f(x) increases on (–3, –1) ∪ (2, ∞)

and f(x) is decreasing on interval (∞, –3) ∪ (–1, 2)

1 U. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

f(x) = x4 – 4x3 + 4x2 + 15

Answer
Given:- Function

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain, it is decreasing.

Here we have,

⇒ f’(x) = 4x3 – 12x2 + 8x

For f(x) lets find critical point, we must have

⇒ f’(x) = 0

⇒ 4x3 – 12x2 + 8x= 0

⇒ 4(x3 – 3x2 + 2x) = 0

⇒ x(x2 – 3x + 2) = 0

⇒ x(x2 – 2x – x + 2) = 0

⇒ x(x – 2)(x – 1)

⇒ x = 0, 1 , 2

clearly, f’(x) > 0 if 0 < x < 1 and x > 2

and f’(x) < 0 if x < 0 and 1 < x < 2

Thus, f(x) increases on (0, 1) ∪ (2, ∞)

and f(x) is decreasing on interval (–∞, 0) ∪ (1, 2)

1 V. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

Answer

Given:- Function

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain, it is decreasing.

Here we have,

For f(x) lets find critical point, we must have

⇒ f’(x) = 0

⇒ x = 0, 1

Since x > 0, therefore only check the range on the positive side of the number line.

clearly, f’(x) > 0 if 0 < x < 1

and f’(x) < 0 if x > 1

Thus, f(x) increases on (0, 1)

and f(x) is decreasing on interval x ∈ (1, ∞)

1 W. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

f(x) = x8 + 6x2

Answer

Given:- Function

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

⇒
⇒

For f(x) lets find critical point, we must have

⇒ f’(x) = 0

Since is a complex number, therefore only check range on 0 sides of number line.

clearly, f’(x) > 0 if x > 0

and f’(x) < 0 if x < 0

Thus, f(x) increases on (0, ∞)

and f(x) is decreasing on interval x ∈ (–∞, 0)

1 X. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 9x + 15

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 9x + 15

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 9x + 15

⇒ f’(x) = 3x2 – 12x + 9

For f(x) lets find critical point, we must have

⇒ f’(x) = 0

⇒ 3x2 – 12x + 9 = 0

⇒ 3(x2 – 4x + 3) = 0

⇒ 3(x2 – 3x – x + 3) = 0
⇒ x2 – 3x – x + 3 = 0

⇒ (x – 3)(x – 1) = 0

⇒ x = 1, 3

clearly, f’(x) > 0 if x < 1 and x > 3

and f’(x) < 0 if 1 < x < 3

Thus, f(x) increases on (–∞, 1) ∪ (3, ∞)

and f(x) is decreasing on interval x ∈ (1, 3)

1 Y. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

f(x) = {x (x – 2)} 2

Answer

Given:- Function f(x)= {x (x – 2)} 2

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x)= {x (x – 2)} 2

⇒ f(x)= {[x2–2x]}2

⇒ f’(x)= 2(x2–2x)(2x–2)

⇒ f’(x)= 4x(x–2)(x–1)

For f(x) lets find critical point, we must have

⇒ f’(x) = 0

⇒ 4x(x–2)(x–1)= 0

⇒ x(x–2)(x–1)= 0

⇒ x =0, 1, 2

Now, lets check values of f(x) between different ranges

Here points x = 0, 1, 2 divide the number line into disjoint intervals namely, (–∞, 0),(0, 1), (1, 2) and (2, ∞)

Lets consider interval (–∞, 0) and (1, 2)

In this case, we have x(x–2)(x–1)< 0

Therefore, f’(x) < 0 when x < 0 and 1< x < 2

Thus, f(x) is strictly decreasing on interval (–∞, 0)∪(1, 2)

Now, consider interval (0, 1) and (2, ∞)

In this case, we have x(x–2)(x–1)> 0

Therefore, f’(x) > 0 when 0< x < 1 and x < 2

Thus, f(x) is strictly increases on interval (0, 1)∪(2, ∞)

1 Z. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

f(x) = 3x4 – 4x3 – 12x2 + 5

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = 3x4 – 4x3 – 12x2 + 5

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = 3x4 – 4x3 – 12x2 + 5

⇒ f’(x) = 12x3 – 12x2 – 24x

⇒ f’(x) = 12x(x2 – x – 2)

For f(x) to be increasing, we must have

⇒ f’(x) > 0

⇒ 12x(x 2 – x – 2)> 0

⇒ x(x2 – 2x + x – 2) > 0

⇒ x(x – 2)(x + 1) > 0

⇒ –1 < x < 0 and x > 2

⇒ x ∈ (–1,0)∪(2, ∞)

Thus f(x) is increasing on interval (–1,0)∪(2, ∞)

Again, For f(x) to be decreasing, we must have

f’(x) < 0

⇒ 12x(x 2 – x – 2)< 0

⇒ x(x2 – 2x + x – 2) < 0

⇒ x(x – 2)(x + 1) < 0

⇒ –∞ < x < –1 and 0 < x < 2

⇒ x ∈ (–∞, –1) ∪ (0, 2)

Thus f(x) is decreasing on interval (–∞, –1) ∪ (0, 2)

1 A1. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

Answer

Given:- Function

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

⇒ f’(x) = 6x3 – 12x2 – 90x

⇒ f’(x) = 6x(x2 – 2x – 15)

⇒ f’(x) = 6x(x2 – 5x + 3x – 15)

⇒ f’(x) = 6x(x – 5)(x + 3)

For f(x) to be increasing, we must have

⇒ f’(x) > 0

⇒ 6x(x – 5)(x + 3)> 0

⇒ x(x – 5)(x + 3) > 0

⇒ –3 < x < 0 or 5 < x < ∞

⇒ x ∈ (–3,0)∪(5, ∞)

Thus f(x) is increasing on interval (–3,0)∪(5, ∞)

Again, For f(x) to be decreasing, we must have

f’(x) < 0

⇒ 6x(x – 5)(x + 3)> 0

⇒ x(x – 5)(x + 3) > 0

⇒ –∞ < x < –3 or 0 < x < 5

⇒ x ∈ (–∞, –3)∪(0, 5)

Thus f(x) is decreasing on interval (–∞, –3)∪(0, 5)

1 B1. Question

Find the intervals in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing.

Answer

Given:- Function

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

For f(x) to be increasing, we must have

⇒ f’(x) > 0

⇒ (x – 2) > 0

⇒2<x<∞

⇒ x ∈ (2, ∞)

Thus f(x) is increasing on interval (2, ∞)

Again, For f(x) to be decreasing, we must have

f’(x) < 0
⇒

⇒ (x – 2) < 0

⇒ –∞ < x < 2

⇒ x ∈ (–∞, 2)

Thus f(x) is decreasing on interval (–∞, 2)

2. Question

Determine the values of x for which the function f(x) = x2 – 6x + 9 is increasing or decreasing. Also, find the
coordinates of the point on the curve y = x2 – 6x + 9 where the normal is parallel to the liney = x + 5.

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = x2 – 6x + 9 and a line parallel to y = x + 5

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a, b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = x2 – 6x + 9

⇒ f’(x) = 2x – 6

⇒ f’(x) = 2(x – 3)

For f(x) lets find critical point, we must have

⇒ f’(x) = 0

⇒ 2(x – 3) = 0

⇒ (x – 3) = 0

⇒x=3

clearly, f’(x) > 0 if x > 3

and f’(x) < 0 if x < 3

Thus, f(x) increases on (3, ∞)

and f(x) is decreasing on interval x ∈ (–∞, 3)

Now, lets find coordinates of point

Equation of curve is

f(x) = x2 – 6x + 9

slope of this curve is given by

⇒

⇒ m 1 = 2x – 6

and Equation of line is

y=x+5

slope of this curve is given by

⇒ m2 = 1

Since slope of curve (i.e slope of its normal) is parallel to line

Therefore, they follow the relation

⇒ 2x – 6 = –1

Thus putting the value of x in equation of curve, we get

⇒ y = x2 – 6x + 9

Thus the required coordinates is )

3. Question

Find the intervals in which f(x) = sin x – cos x, where 0 < x < 2π is increasing or decreasing.

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = sin x – cos x, 0 < x < 2π

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = sin x – cos x

⇒ f’(x) = cos x + sin x

For f(x) lets find critical point, we must have

⇒ f’(x) = 0

⇒ cos x + sin x = 0

⇒ tan(x) = –1

Here these points divide the angle range from 0 to 2∏ since we have x as angle

clearly, f’(x) > 0 if

and f’(x) < 0 if

Thus, f(x) increases on

and f(x) is decreasing on interval

4. Question

Show that f(x) = e2x is increasing on R.

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = e2x

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = e2x

⇒ f’(x) = 2e2x

For f(x) to be increasing, we must have

⇒ f’(x) > 0

⇒ 2e2x > 0
⇒ e2x > 0

since, the value of e lies between 2 and 3

so, whatever be the power of e (i.e x in domain R) will be greater than zero.

Thus f(x) is increasing on interval R

5. Question

Show that , x ≠ 0 is a decreasing function for all x ≠ 0.

Answer

Given:- Function

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

As given x ∈ R , x ≠ 0

Their ratio is also greater than 0

⇒ ; as by applying –ve sign change in comparision sign

⇒ f’(x) < 0

Hence, condition for f(x) to be decreasing

Thus f(x) is decreasing for all x ≠ 0

6. Question

Show that f(x) = loga x, 0 < a < 1 is a decreasing function for all x > 0.

Answer
Given:- Function f(x) = loga x , 0 < a < 1

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = loga x, 0 < a < 1

As given 0 < a < 1

⇒ log(a) < 0

and for x > 0

Therefore f’(x) is

⇒ f’(x) < 0

Hence, condition for f(x) to be decreasing

Thus f(x) is decreasing for all x > 0

7. Question

Show that f(x) = sin x is increasing on (0, π/2) and decreasing on (π/2, π) and neither increasing nor
decreasing in (0, π).

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = sin x

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,
f(x) = sin x

⇒ f’(x) = cosx

Taking different region from 0 to 2π

a) let

⇒ cos(x) > 0

⇒ f’(x) > 0

Thus f(x) is increasing in

b) let

⇒ cos(x) < 0

⇒ f’(x) < 0

Thus f(x) is decreasing in

Therefore, from above condition we find that

⇒ f(x) is increasing in and decreasing in

Hence, condition for f(x) neither increasing nor decreasing in (0,π)

8. Question

Show that f(x) = log sin x is increasing on (0, π/2) and decreasing on (π/2, π).

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = log sin x

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = log sin x

⇒ f’(x) = cot(x)

Taking different region from 0 to π

a) let

⇒ cot(x) > 0
⇒ f’(x) > 0

Thus f(x) is increasing in

b) let

⇒ cot(x) < 0

⇒ f’(x) < 0

Thus f(x) is decreasing in

Hence proved

9. Question

Show that f(x) = x – sin x is increasing for all x ϵ R.

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = x – sin x

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = x – sin x

⇒ f’(x) = 1 – cos x

Now, as given

xϵR

⇒ –1 < cosx < 1

⇒ –1 > cos x > 0

⇒ f’(x) > 0

hence, Condition for f(x) to be increasing

Thus f(x) is increasing on interval x ∈ R

10. Question

Show that f(x) = x3 – 15x2 + 75x – 50 is an increasing function for all x ϵ R.

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = x3 – 15x2 + 75x – 50

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = x3 – 15x2 + 75x – 50

⇒ f’(x) = 3x2 – 30x + 75

⇒ f’(x) = 3(x2 – 10x + 25)

⇒ f’(x) = 3(x – 5)2

Now, as given

xϵR

⇒ (x – 5)2 > 0

⇒ 3(x – 5)2 > 0

⇒ f’(x) > 0

hence, Condition for f(x) to be increasing

Thus f(x) is increasing on interval x ∈ R

11. Question

Show that f(x) = cos2 x is a decreasing function on (0, π/2).

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = cos2 x

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = cos2 x

⇒ f’(x) = 3cosx(–sinx)

⇒ f’(x) = –2sin(x)cos(x)
⇒ f’(x) = –sin2x ; as sin2A = 2sinA cosA

Now, as given

⇒ 2x ∈ (0, π)

⇒ Sin(2x)> 0

⇒ –Sin(2x)< 0

⇒ f’(x) < 0

hence, Condition for f(x) to be decreasing

Thus f(x) is decreasing on interval

Hence proved

12. Question

Show that f(x) = sin x is an increasing function on (–π/2, π/2).

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = sin x

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = sin x

⇒ f’(x) = cosx

Now, as given

That is 4th quadrant, where

⇒ cosx> 0

⇒ f’(x) > 0

hence, Condition for f(x) to be increasing

Thus f(x) is increasing on interval

13. Question

Show that f(x) = cos x is a decreasing function on (0, π), increasing in (–π, 0) and neither increasing nor
decreasing in (–π, π).

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = cos x

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = cos x

⇒ f’(x) = –sinx

Taking different region from 0 to 2π

a) let

⇒ sin(x) > 0

⇒ –sinx < 0

⇒ f’(x) < 0

Thus f(x) is decreasing in

b) let

⇒ sin(x) < 0

⇒ –sinx > 0

⇒ f’(x) > 0

Thus f(x) is increasing in

Therefore, from above condition we find that

⇒ f(x) is decreasing in and increasing in

Hence, condition for f(x) neither increasing nor decreasing in (–π,π)

14. Question

Show that f(x) = tan x is an increasing function on (–π/2, π/2).

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = tan x

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = tan x

⇒ f’(x) = sec2x

Now, as given

That is 4th quadrant, where

⇒ sec2x> 0

⇒ f’(x) > 0

hence, Condition for f(x) to be increasing

Thus f(x) is increasing on interval

15. Question

Show that f(x) = tan–1 (sin x + cos x) is a decreasing function on the interval (π/4, π /2).

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = tan–1 (sin x + cos x)

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = tan–1 (sin x + cos x)

⇒
Now, as given

⇒ Cosx – sinx< 0 ; as here cosine values are smaller than sine values for same angle

⇒ f’(x) < 0

hence, Condition for f(x) to be decreasing

Thus f(x) is decreasing on interval

16. Question

Show that the function is decreasing on

Answer

Given:- Function

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

Now, as given

⇒ ;
as here lies in 3rd quadrant

⇒ f’(x) < 0

hence, Condition for f(x) to be decreasing

Thus f(x) is decreasing on interval

17. Question

Show that the function f(x) = cot–1 (sin x + cos x) is decreasing on (0, π/4) and increasing on (π/4, π/2).

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = cot–1 (sin x + cos x)

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = cot–1 (sin x + cos x)

Now, as given

⇒ Cosx – sinx< 0 ; as here cosine values are smaller than sine values for same angle

⇒ f’(x) < 0

hence, Condition for f(x) to be decreasing

Thus f(x) is decreasing on interval

18. Question
Show that f(x) = (x – 1) ex + 1 is an increasing function for all x > 0.

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = (x – 1) ex + 1

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = (x – 1) ex + 1

⇒ f’(x) = ex + (x – 1) ex

⇒ f’(x) = ex(1+ x – 1)

⇒ f’(x) = xex

as given

x>0

⇒ ex > 0

⇒ xex > 0

⇒ f’(x) > 0

Hence, condition for f(x) to be increasing

Thus f(x) is increasing on interval x > 0

19. Question

Show that the function x2 – x + 1 is neither increasing nor decreasing on (0, 1).

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = x2 – x + 1

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.
Here we have,

f(x) = x2 – x + 1

⇒ f’(x) = 2x – 1

Taking different region from (0, 1)

a) let

⇒ 2x – 1 < 0

⇒ f’(x) < 0

Thus f(x) is decreasing in

b) let

⇒ 2x – 1 > 0

⇒ f’(x) > 0

Thus f(x) is increasing in

Therefore, from above condition we find that

⇒ f(x) is decreasing in and increasing in

Hence, condition for f(x) neither increasing nor decreasing in (0, 1)

20. Question

Show that f(x) = x9 + 4x7 + 11 is an increasing function for all x ϵ R.

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = x9 + 4x7 + 11

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain, it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = x9 + 4x7 + 11

⇒ f’(x) = 9x8 + 28x6

⇒ f’(x) = x6(9x2 + 28)

as given
xϵR

⇒ x6 > 0 and 9x2 + 28 > 0

⇒ x6(9x2 + 28) > 0

⇒ f’(x) > 0

Hence, condition for f(x) to be increasing

Thus f(x) is increasing on interval x ∈ R

21. Question

Prove that the function f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 12x – 18 is increasing on R.

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 12x – 18

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain, it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 12x – 18

⇒ f’(x) = 3x2 – 12x + 12

⇒ f’(x) = 3(x2 – 4x + 4)

⇒ f’(x) = 3(x – 2)2

as given

xϵR

⇒ (x – 2)2> 0

⇒ 3(x – 2)2 > 0

⇒ f’(x) > 0

Hence, condition for f(x) to be increasing

Thus f(x) is increasing on interval x ∈ R

22. Question

State when a function f(x) is said to be increasing on an interval [a, b]. Test whether the function f(x) = x2 –
6x + 3 is increasing on the interval [4, 6].

Answer

Given:- Function f(x) = f(x) = x2 – 6x + 3

Theorem:- Let f be a differentiable real function defined on an open interval (a,b).

(i) If f’(x) > 0 for all , then f(x) is increasing on (a, b)

(ii) If f’(x) < 0 for all , then f(x) is decreasing on (a, b)

Algorithm:-

(i) Obtain the function and put it equal to f(x)

(ii) Find f’(x)

(iii) Put f’(x) > 0 and solve this inequation.

For the value of x obtained in (ii) f(x) is increasing and for remaining points in its domain it is decreasing.

Here we have,

f(x) = f(x) = x2 – 6x + 3

⇒ f’(x) = 2x – 6

⇒ f’(x) = 2(x – 3)

Here A function is said to be increasing on [a,b] if f(x) > 0

as given

x ϵ [4, 6]

⇒4≤x≤6

⇒ 1 ≤ (x–3) ≤ 3

⇒ (x – 3) > 0

⇒ 2(x – 3) > 0

⇒ f’(x) > 0

Hence, condition for f(x) to be increasing

Thus f(x) is increasing on interval x ∈ [4, 6]

23. Question

Show that f(x) = sin x – cos x is an increasing function on (–π /4, π /4)?

Answer

we have,

f(x) = sin x – cos x

f'(x) = cos x + sin x

Now,
⇒ f'(x)>0

Hence, f(x) is an increasing function on (–π /4, π /4)

24. Question

Show that f(x) = tan–1 x – x is a decreasing function on R ?

Answer

we have,

f(x) = tan–1 x – x

Now,

Hence, f(x) is an decreasing function for R

25. Question

Determine whether f(x) = x/2 + sin x is increasing or decreasing on (–π /3, π/3) ?

Answer

we have,

Now,
Hence, f(x) is an increasing function on (–π /3, π /3)

26. Question

Find the interval in which is increasing or decreasing ?

Answer

we have

Critical points

⇒x = 0, –1

Clearly,f'(x) > 0 if x>0

And f'(x) < 0 if –1 < x < 0 or x < –1

Hence, f(x) increases in (0, ), decreases in (– , –1) U (–1, 0)

27. Question

Find the intervals in which f(x) = (x + 2)e–x is increasing or decreasing ?

Answer

we have,

f(x) = (x + 2)e–x

f'(x) = e–x – e–x (x+2)

= e–x (1 – x – 2)

= – e–x (x+1)

Critical points
f'(x) = 0

⇒ – e–x (x + 1) = 0

⇒x = – 1

Clearly

Hence f(x) increases in (–∞,–1), decreases in (–1, ∞)

28. Question

Show that the function f given by f(x) = 10x is increasing for all x ?

Answer

we have,

f(x) = 10x

∴f' (x) = 10x log10

Now,

⇒ f'(x)>0

Hence, f(x) in an increasing function for all x

29. Question

Prove that the function f given by f(x) = x – [x] is increasing in (0, 1) ?

Answer

we have,

f(x) = x – [x]

∴f'(x) = 1 > 0

∴ f(x) is an increasing function on (0,1)

30. Question

Prove that the following function is increasing on r?

i. f(x) = 3x 5 + 40x3 + 240x

ii. f(x) = 4x3 – 18x2 + 27x – 27

Answer

(i) we have

f(x) = 3x5 + 40x3 + 240x

Now,
x R

Hence, f(x) is an increasing function for all x

(ii) we have

f(x) = 4x3 – 18x2 + 27x – 27

Now,

x R

Hence, f(x) is an increasing fuction for all x

31. Question

Prove that the function f given by f(x) = log cos x is strictly increasing on (–π/2, 0) and strictly decreasing on
(0, π/2) ?

Answer

we have,

In Interval (0, ), tan x > 0

In interval ( ), tan x < 0

32. Question

Prove that the function f given by f(x) = x3 – 3x2 + 4x is strictly increasing on R ?

Answer

given

f(x)
Hence f(x) is strickly increasing on R

33. Question

33 Prove that the function f(x) = cos x is :

i. strictly decreasing on (0, π)

ii. strictly increasing in (π, 2π)

iii. neither increasing nor decreasing in (0, 2 π)

Answer

Given f(x) =cos x

(i) Since for each x ( ),sin x > 0

So f is strictly decreasing in (0, )

(ii) Since for each x ( ),sin x <0

So f is strictly increasing in ( ,2 )

(iii) Clearly from (1) and (2) above, f is neither increasing nor decreasing in (0, )

34. Question

Show that f(x) = – x sin x is an increasing function on (0, π/2) ?

Answer

We have,

f(x) = – x sinx

f ’(x) = 2x – sin x – x cos x

Now,

x ( )

⇒0 sin x 1, 0 cos x 1,

⇒ 2x–sin x –x cos x > 0

⇒ f ’(x) ≥ 0

Hence,f(x) is an increasing function on ( ).

35. Question

Find the value(s) of a for which f(x) = – ax is an increasing function on R ?

Answer

We have,

f(x) = – ax

Given that f(x) is on increasing function

 for all x R

⇒ for all x R

⇒a< for all x R

But the last value of 3x2 = 0 for x = 0

∴a ≤ 0

36. Question

Find the values of b for which the function f(x) = sin x – bx + c is a decreasing function on R ?

Answer

We have,

f(x) = sin x – bx +c

Given that f(x) is on decreasing function on R

for all x R

⇒ for all x R

⇒b< for all x R

But the last value of cos x in 1

37. Question

Show that f(x) = x + cos x – a is an increasing function on R for all values of a ?

Answer

We have,

f(x) = x + cos x – a

Now,

x R

⇒ >0

⇒ >0

Hence,f(x) is an increasing function for x R

38. Question

Let F defined on [0, 1] be twice differentiable such that | f”(x) ≤ 1 for all xϵ [0, 1]. If f(0) = f(1), then show
that |f’(x) | < 1 for all x ϵ [0, 1] ?

Answer

As f(0) = f(1) and f is differentiable, hence by Rolles theorem:

for some c [0,1]

let us now apply LMVT (as function is twice differentiable) for point c and x [0,1],

hence,

f ”(d)

⇒ f ”(d)

⇒ f ”(d)

A given that | f ”(d)| <=1 for x [0,1]

Now both x and c lie in [0,1], hence [0,1]

39. Question

Find the intervals in which f(x) is increasing or decreasing :

i. f(x) = x |x|, x ϵ R

ii. f(x) = sin x + |sin x|, 0 < x ≤ 2 π

iii. f(x) = sin x (1 + cos x), 0 < x < π/2

Answer

(i): Consider the given function,

f(x) = x |x|, x ϵ R

⇒f >0

Therefore, f(x) is an increasing function for all real values.

(ii): Consider the given function,

f(x) = sin x +|sin x|, 0< x 2

The function 2cos x will be positive between (0, )

Hence the function f(x) is increasing in the interval (0, )

The function 2cos x will be negative between ( )

Hence the function f(x) is decreasing in the interval ( )

The value of f = 0, when,

Therefore, the function f(x) is neither increasing nor decreasing in the interval ( )

(iii): consider the function,

f(x) = sin x(1 + cos x), 0 < x <

⇒ f ’(x) = cos x + sin x( – sin x ) + cos x ( cos x )

⇒ f ’(x) = cos x – sin2 x + cos2 x

⇒ f ’(x) = cos x + (cos2 x – 1) + cos2 x

⇒ f ’(x) = cos x + 2 cos2 x – 1

⇒ f ’(x)=(2cos x – 1)(cos x + 1)

for f(x) to be increasing, we must have,

f’(x)> 0

⇒f )=(2

⇒ 0 < x<

So, f(x) to be decreasing, we must have,

f <0

⇒f )=(2cos x – 1)(cos x + 1)

⇒ <x<

⇒x ,

So,f(x) is decreasing in ,

MCQ
1. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

The interval of increase of the function f(x) = x – ex + tan is

A. (0, ∞)

B. (–∞, 0)

C. (1, ∞)

D. (–∞, 1)

Answer

Formula:- The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly
increasing on (a,b) is that f’(x)>0 for all x (a,b)

Given:-

Now

f’(x)>0

1-e
x>0

X<0

2. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

The function f(x) = cos–1 x + x increases in the interval.

A. (1, ∞)

B. (–1, ∞)

C. (–∞, ∞)

D. (0, ∞)

Answer

Formula:- The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly
increasing on (a,b) is that f’(x)>0 for all x (a,b)

Given:-

f(x) = cos–1 x + x

Now

f’(x)>0

x R

x (–∞, ∞)

3. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

The function f(x) = xx decreases on the interval.

A. (0, e)

B. (0, 1)

C. (0, 1/e)

D. (1/e, e)

Answer

Formula:- The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly
increasing on (a,b) is that f’(x)>0 for all x (a,b)

Given:-

f(x) = xx
now for decreasing

f’(x)<0

xx(1+logx)<0

(1+logx)<0

logx<-1

x<e-1

4. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

The function f(x) = 2log(x – 2) – x2 + 4x + 1 increases on the interval.

A. (1, 2)

B. (2, 3)

C. ((1, 3)

D. (2, 4)

Answer

Formula:- The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly
increasing on (a,b) is that f’(x)>0 for all x (a,b)

Given:-

f(x) = 2log(x – 2) – x2 + 4x + 1

f’(x)=

now for increasing

f’(x)>0

3<0 and x-2>0

and x>2

5. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

If the function f(x) = 2x2 – kx + 5 is increasing on [1, 2], then k lies in the interval.

A. (–∞, 4)

B. (4, ∞)

C. (–∞, 8)
D. (8, ∞)

Answer

Formula:- The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly
increasing on (a,b) is that f’(x)>0 for all x (a,b)

f(x) = 2x2 – kx + 5

f’(x)>0

4x-k>0

K<4x

For x=1

K<4

6. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

Let f(x) = x3 + ax2 + bx + 5 sin2x be an increasing function on the set R. Then, a and b satisfy.

A. a2 – 3b – 15 > 0

B. a2 – 3b + 15 > 0

C. a2 – 3b + 15 < 0

D. a > 0 and b > 0

Answer

Formula:- (i) ax2+bx+c>0 for all x a>0 and b2-4ac<0

(ii) ax2+bx+c<0 for all x a<0 and b2-4ac<0

(iii)The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly increasing
on (a,b) is that f’(x)>0 for all x (a,b)

Given:-

f(x) = x3 + ax2 + bx + 5 sin2x

For increasing function f’(x)>0

3x2+2ax+b+5sin2x>0

Then

3x2+2ax+b-5<0

And b2-4ac<0

4a2-12(b-5)<0

a2-3b+15<0

a2 – 3b + 15 < 0
7. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

The function is of the following types:

A. even and increasing

B. odd and increasing

C. even and decreasing

D. odd and decreasing

Answer

Formula:- (i)if f(-x)=f(x) then function is even

(ii) if f(-x)=-f(x) then function is odd

(iii) The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly increasing
on (a,b) is that f’(x)>0 for all x (a,b)

Given:-

f(x)= )

f’(x)>0

hence function is increasing function

f(-x)=-log( )

f(-x)=-f(x) is odd function

8. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

If the function f(x) = 2tanx + (2a + 1) loge |sec x| + (a – 2) x is increasing on R, then

A.

B.

C.

D.

Answer

Formula:- (i) ax2+bx+c>0 for all x a>0 and b2-4ac<0

(ii) ax2+bx+c<0 for all x a<0 and b2-4ac<0

(iii) The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly increasing
on (a,b) is that f’(x)>0 for all x (a,b)
Given:-

f(x) = 2tanx+(2a+1)loge |sec x|+(a – 2)x

f’(x)=2sec2x+ (2a+1) tanx + (a-2)

f’(x)=2(tan2+1) + (2a+1).tanx +(a-2)

f’(x)=2tan2x+2atanx+tanx+a

For increasing function

f’(x)>0

2tan2x+2atanx+tanx+ a>0

From formula (i)

(2a+1)2-8a<0

9. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

Let f(x) = tan–1 (g(x)), where g(x) is monotonically increasing for Then, f(x) is

A. increasing on

B. decreasing on

C. increasing on and decreasing on

D. none of these

Answer

Formula:-

(i)The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly increasing
on (a,b) is that f’(x)>0 for all x (a,b)

Given:- f(x) = tan–1 (g(x))

For increasing function

f’(x)>0
10. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

Let f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 15x + 3. Then,

A. f(x) > 0 for all x ϵR

B. f(x) >f(x + 1) for all x ϵR

C. f(x) in invertible

D. f(x) < 0 for all x ϵ R

Answer

Formula:- (i)The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly
increasing on (a,b) is that f’(x)>0 for all x (a,b)

(ii)If f(x) is strictly increasing function on interval [a, b], then f-1 exist and it is also a strictly increasing
function

Given:- f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 15x + 3

=3x2-12x+15=f’(x)

Therefore f’(x) will increasing

Also f-1(x) is possible

Therefore f(x) is invertible function.

11. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

The function f(x) = x2 e-x is monotonic increasing when

A. x ϵR – [0, 2]

B. 0 < x < 2

C. 2 < x < ∞

D. x < 0

Answer

f(x) = x2 e-x

=xe-x (2-x)=f’(x)

for

f’(x)=0

x2 e-x =0

x(2-x)=0
x=2,x=0

f(x) is increasing in (0,2)

12. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

Function f(x) = cosx – 2λ x is monotonic decreasing when

A.

B.

C. λ < 2

D. λ > 2

Answer

Formula:- (i) The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly
decreasing on (a,b) is that f’(x)<0 for all x (a,b)

Given:-

f(x) = cosx – 2λ x

=-sinx-2λ =f’(x)

for decreasing function f’(x)<0

-sinx-2λ <0

Sinx+2λ >0

2λ>-sinx

2λ>1

13. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

In the interval (1, 2), function f(x) = 2 |x – 1|+3|x – 2| is

A. monotonically increasing

B. monotonically decreasing

C. not monotonic

D. constant

Answer

Formula:- (i) The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly
decreading on (a,b) is that f’(x)<0 for all x (a,b)

Given:-

f(x)=2(x-1)+3(2-x)

f(x)=-x+4
Therefore f’(x) <0

Hence decreasing function

14. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

Function f(x) = x3– 27x +5 is monotonically increasing when

A. x < –3

B. |x| > 3

C. x ≤ –3

D. |x| ≥ 3

Answer

Formula:- (i) The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly
increasing on (a,b) is that f’(x)>0 for all x (a,b)

Given:-

f(x)= x3– 27x +5

=3x2– 27=f’(x)

for increasing function f’(x)>0

3x2– 27>0

(x+3)(x-3)>0

|x|>3

15. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

Function f(x) = 2x3 – 9x2 + 12x + 29 is monotonically decreasing when

A. x < 2

B. x > 2

C. x > 3

D. 1 < x < 2

Answer

Formula:- (i) The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly
decreasing on (a, b) is that f’(x)<0 for all x (a,b)

Given:-

f(x) = 2x3 – 9x2 + 12x + 29

f’(x)=6(x-1)(x-2)

for decreasing function f’(x)<0

f’(x)<0
 6(x-1)(x-2)<0

1<x<2

16. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

If the function f(x) = kx3 – 9x2 + 9x + 3 is monotonically increasing in every interval, then

A. k < 3

B. k ≤ 3

C. k > 3

D. k < 3

Answer

Formula:- (i) ax2+bx+c>0 for all x a>0 and b2-4ac<0

(ii) ax2+bx+c<0 for all x a<0 and b2-4ac<0

(iii) The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly increasing
on (a, b) is that f’(x)>0 for all x (a,b)

Given:-

f(x) = kx3 – 9x2 + 9x + 3

f’(x)=3kx2-18x+9

for increasing function f’(x)>0

f’(x)>0

3kx2-18x+9>0

kx2-6x+3>0

using formula (i)

36-12k<0

k>3

17. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

f(x) = 2x – tan–1 x – log is monotonically increasing when

A. x > 0

B. x < 0

C. x ϵ R

D. x ϵ R – {0}

Answer

Formula:- (i) The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly
increasing on (a,b) is that f’(x)>0 for all x (a,b)

Given:-
For increasing function f’(x)>0

xϵR

18. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

Function f(x) = |x| – |x – 1| is monotonically increasing when

A. x < 0

B. x > 1

C. x < 1

D. 0<x<1

Answer

Formula:- (i) The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly
increasing on (a, b) is that f’(x)>0 for all x (a,b)

Given:-

For x<0

f(x)=-1

for 0<x<1

f(x)=2x-1

for x>1

f(x)=1

Hence f(x) will increasing in 0<x<1

19. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

Every invertible function is

A. monotonic function

B. constant function

C. identity function

D. not necessarily monotonic function

Answer

Formula:- (i) The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly
increasing on (a, b) is that f’(x)>0 for all x (a,b)

If f(x) is strictly increasing function on interval [a, b], then f-1 exist and it is also a strictly increasing function

20. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

In the interval (1, 2), function f(x) = 2|x – 1|+3 |x – 2| is

A. increasing

B. decreasing

C. constant

D. none of these

Answer

Formula:- (i) The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly
decreasing on (a, b) is that f’(x)<0 for all x (a,b)

Given:-

f(x)=2(x-1)+3(2-x)

f(x)=-x+4

f’(x)=-1

Therefore f’(x) <0

Hence decreasing function

21. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

If the function f(x) = cos|x| – 2ax + b increases along the entire number scale, then

A. a = b

B.

C.

D.

Answer

Formula:- (i) The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly
increasing on (a, b) is that f’(x)>0 for all x (a,b)

Given:-

f(x) = cos|x| – 2ax + b

For increasing f’(x)>0

-sinx-2a>0

2a<-sinx
22. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

The function is

A. strictly increasing

B. strictly decreasing

C. neither increasing nor decreasing

D. none of these

Answer

Formula:- (i) The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly
increasing on (a, b) is that f’(x)>0 for all x (a,b)

For x>0

For x<0

Both are increasing for f’(x)>0

23. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

The function is increasing, if

A. λ < 1

B. λ > 1

C. λ < 2

D. λ > 2

Answer

Formula:- (i) The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly
increasing on (a, b) is that f’(x)>0 for all x (a,b)

Given:-

For increasing function f’(x)<0

>2

24. Question
Mark the correct alternative in the following:

Function f(x) = ax is increasing or R, if

A. a > 0

B. a < 0

C. a > 1

D. a > 0

Answer

Let x1<x2 and both are real number

f(x1)<f(x2)

x1<x2

only possible on a>1

25. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

Function f(x) = loga x is increasing on R, if

A. 0 < a < 1

B. a > 1

C. a < 1

D. a > 0

Answer

Formula:- (i) The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly
increasing on (a, b) is that f’(x)>0 for all x (a,b)

f(x) = loga x

For increasing f’(x)>0

For log a>1

26. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

Let ϕ(x) = f(x) + f(2a – x) and f’’(x) > 0 for all xϵ[0, a]. The, ϕ(x)

A. increases on [0, a]

B. decreases on [0, a]

C. increases on [–a, 0]

D. decreases on [a, 2a]

Answer
Formula:- (i) The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly
increasing on (a, b) is that f’(x)>0 for all x (a,b)

ϕ(x) = f(x) + f(2a – x)

ϕ’(x) = f’(x)-f’(2a – x)

ϕ’’(x) = f’’(x) + f’’(2a – x)

checking the condition

ϕ(x) is decreasing in [0,a]

27. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

If the function f(x) = x2 – kx + 5 is increasing on [2, 4], then

A. k ϵ (2, ∞)

B. kϵ (–∞, 2)

C. k ϵ (4, ∞)

D. kϵ (–∞, 4)

Answer

Formula:- (i) The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly
increasing on (a, b) is that f’(x)>0 for all x (a,b)

Given:-

f(x) = x2 – kx + 5

For increasing function f’(x)>o

2x-k>0

K<2x

Putting x=2

K<4

kϵ (–∞, 4)

28. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

The function defined on is

A. increasing

B. decreasing

C. constant

D. none of these

Answer

Formula:- (i) The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly
increasing on (a, b) is that f’(x)>0 for all x (a,b)
Given:-

f(x)=

checking the value of x

hence increasing

29. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

If the function f(x) = x3 – 9k x2 + 27x + 30 is increasing on R, then

A. –1 ≤ k < 1

B. k < –1 or k > 1

C. 0 < k < 1

D. –1 < k < 0

Answer

Formula:- (i) ax2+bx+c>0 for all x a>0 and b2-4ac<0

(ii) ax2+bx+c<0 for all x a<0 and b2-4ac<0

(iii) The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly increasing
on (a, b) is that f’(x)>0 for all x (a,b)

Given:-

f(x) = x3 – 9k x2 + 27x + 30

f’(x)=3x2-18kx+27

for increasing function f’(x)>0

3x2-18kx+27>0

x2-6kx+9>0

Using formula (i)

36k2-36>0

K2>1

Therefore –1 <k < 1

30. Question

Mark the correct alternative in the following:

The function f(x) = x9 + 3x7 + 64 is increasing on

A. R

B. (–∞, 0)

C. (0, ∞)
D.R 0

Answer

Formula:- (i) The necessary and sufficient condition for differentiable function defined on (a,b) to be strictly
increasing on (a, b) is that f’(x)>0 for all x (a,b)

Given:-

f(x) = x9 + 3x7 + 64

For increasing f’(x)>o

9x8+21x6>0

x R