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1. The major roles of a pharmacist according to Good Pharmacy Practice

encompass a broad spectrum of responsibilities, including but not limited to:

Ensuring the safe and effective use of medications by patients through

medication therapy management.
Dispensing medications accurately and providing appropriate counseling
to patients on their proper use.
Collaborating with other healthcare professionals to optimize patient
outcomes and prevent adverse drug reactions.
Monitoring and managing medication therapy to ensure its efficacy and
safety.
Participating in drug utilization review programs and medication
reconciliation processes.
Providing drug information to patients, healthcare professionals, and the
community.
Contributing to the development and implementation of pharmaceutical
care plans.
Engaging in continuous professional development to stay updated with
new developments in pharmacy practice and pharmacotherapy.
2. The FIP (International Pharmaceutical Federation) Basel Statement is a
declaration that emphasizes the role of pharmacists in ensuring patient safety
and quality pharmaceutical care. It outlines key principles and commitments to
advancing pharmaceutical practice globally, focusing on areas such as patient-
centered care, collaboration with other healthcare professionals, quality
assurance, and professional development. The statement serves as a guiding
framework for pharmacists and pharmacy organizations worldwide to enhance
their practice standards and contribute to improving healthcare outcomes.

3. A hospital formulary is a comprehensive list of medications approved for use

within a particular healthcare institution, such as a hospital or clinic. The main
use of a hospital formulary is to standardize medication selection, procurement,
and utilization to ensure safe, effective, and cost-efficient pharmacotherapy for
patients. Hospital formularies typically include information on drug dosing,
administration routes, indications, contraindications, and recommended
monitoring parameters. They are developed and maintained by a pharmacy
and therapeutics committee in collaboration with healthcare providers based on
clinical evidence, safety considerations, and cost-effectiveness.

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4. Advantages of a Unit Dose Drug Distribution system include:

Reduced medication errors: Each dose is individually packaged, reducing

the risk of administration errors.
Improved medication management: Facilitates accurate inventory control
and reduces wastage.
Enhanced patient safety: Ensures patients receive the correct medication
in the correct dosage at the right time.
Simplified medication administration: Streamlines the process for
healthcare providers, leading to increased efficiency.
Facilitates compliance with regulatory requirements: Helps ensure
adherence to medication safety standards and regulations.
5. Radioactive pharmaceutical products in a hospital pharmacy are stored in
specialized areas equipped with appropriate shielding and radiation safety
measures to protect staff and patients. These products are typically stored in
lead-lined containers or cabinets designed to minimize radiation exposure.
Storage areas are restricted, and access is limited to authorized personnel
trained in handling radioactive materials. Additionally, strict protocols for
handling, storing, and disposing of radioactive pharmaceuticals are followed to
ensure compliance with regulatory requirements and minimize radiation risks.

6. The objectives of a pharmacy and therapeutics committee include:

Developing and maintaining the hospital formulary to ensure safe,

effective, and cost-effective medication use.
Reviewing new drugs and therapeutic agents for inclusion in the
formulary based on clinical evidence, safety, and cost-effectiveness.
Establishing medication use policies and guidelines to standardize
prescribing, dispensing, and administration practices.
Conducting drug utilization evaluations and medication reviews to
optimize prescribing practices and patient outcomes.
Monitoring adverse drug reactions and medication errors to improve
patient safety.
Providing drug information and education to healthcare professionals,
patients, and caregivers.
Evaluating the impact of pharmaceutical interventions on patient care and
healthcare outcomes.

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7. Professional responsibilities of a hospital pharmacist include:

Dispensing medications accurately and providing appropriate counseling

to patients.
Collaborating with healthcare providers to optimize medication therapy
and patient outcomes.
Monitoring medication therapy for efficacy and safety.
Participating in pharmacy and therapeutics committee activities.
Providing drug information to healthcare professionals and patients.
Ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements and quality standards.
Engaging in continuous professional development to stay updated with
advances in pharmacy practice. Qualifications and experience required
for a hospital pharmacist typically include a Pharm.D. degree or
equivalent, state licensure, and relevant clinical experience in a hospital
or healthcare setting.
8. FEFO (First Expired, First Out) method is an inventory control system used to
manage perishable items, such as pharmaceuticals, based on their expiration
dates. Unlike FIFO (First In, First Out), which prioritizes the oldest inventory
regardless of expiration date, FEFO ensures that items with the earliest
expiration dates are used or dispensed first to minimize wastage and mitigate
the risk of expired product dispensing. In a hospital pharmacy, FEFO is crucial
for maintaining medication safety and quality, as expired medications pose
potential risks to patient health. FIFO may lead to the inadvertent use of
expired medications if new stock is placed in front of older stock without
considering expiration dates.

9. NAQS (National Accreditation Quality Standards) guidelines and NABH

(National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers)
accreditation are initiatives aimed at promoting quality and patient safety in
healthcare organizations, including hospital pharmacies. NAQS guidelines
provide a framework for establishing quality management systems and best
practices in healthcare delivery, while NABH accreditation is a voluntary
certification process that recognizes healthcare facilities for meeting predefined
quality standards and performance benchmarks. Both NAQS guidelines and
NABH accreditation emphasize areas such as patient-centered care, safety,
effectiveness, efficiency, and continuous quality improvement in hospital
pharmacy operations.

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10. NDPS (Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances) drugs are controlled
substances regulated under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances
Act in many countries. These drugs have a high potential for abuse and
dependence and are classified into various schedules based on their
therapeutic value and risk profile. In hospital pharmacies, the drug list for NDPS
drugs is prepared based on regulatory requirements, including legal restrictions
on procurement, storage, dispensing, and record-keeping. Pharmacists and
healthcare providers must adhere to stringent regulations and security
protocols when handling NDPS drugs to prevent diversion, misuse, and
unauthorized access. Additionally, proper documentation and reporting of
NDPS transactions are essential for regulatory compliance and accountability.

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