Python Programming

(if.. else, while, for)

Hyuntae Cho
Dept. of Digital Content
Tongmyong University
Python Conditions and If statements
• Python supports the usual logical conditions from mathematics:

• These conditions can be used in several ways, most commonly in "if

statements" and loops.

• An "if statement" is written by using the if keyword.

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Indentation
• Python relies on indentation (whitespace at the beginning of a line)
to define scope in the code. Other programming languages often use
curly-brackets for this purpose.

• Example
– If statement, without indentation (will raise an error):

error

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elif
• The elif keyword is Python's way of saying "if the previous conditions
were not true, then try this condition".

• In this example a is equal to b, so the first condition is not true, but

the elif condition is true, so we print to screen that "a and b are equal".
•

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else
• The else keyword catches anything which isn't caught by the
preceding conditions.

• In this example a is greater than b, so the first condition is not true, also
the elif condition is not true, so we go to the else condition and print to
screen that "a is greater than b".

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else
• You can also have an else without the elif:

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Short Hand If ... Else
• If you have only one statement to execute, one for if, and one for
else, you can put it all on the same line:

• Example
– One line if else statement:

This technique is known as Ternary Operators,

or Conditional Expressions.

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Short Hand If ... Else
• You can also have multiple else statements on the same line:

• Example
– One line if else statement, with 3 conditions:

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And
• The and keyword is a logical operator, and is used to combine
conditional statements:

• Example
– Test if a is greater than b, AND if c is greater than a:

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Or
• The or keyword is a logical operator, and is used to combine
conditional statements:

• Example
– Test if a is greater than b, OR if a is greater than c:

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Not
• The not keyword is a logical operator, and is used to reverse the
result of the conditional statement:

• Example
– Test if a is NOT greater than b:

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Nested If
• You can have if statements inside if statements, this is called nested
if statements.

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The pass Statement
• if statements cannot be empty, but if you for some reason have an if
statement with no content, put in the pass statement to avoid
getting an error.

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 Python Programming
(while)

Hyuntae Cho
Dept. of Digital Content
Tongmyong University
Python Loops
• Python has two primitive loop commands:
– while loops
– for loops

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The while Loop
• With the while loop we can execute a set of statements as long as a
condition is true.
• Example
– Print i as long as i is less than 6:

Note: remember to increment i, or else the loop will continue

forever.

The while loop requires relevant variables to be ready, in this example

we need to define an indexing variable, i, which we set to 1.

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The break Statement
• With the break statement we can stop the loop even if the while
condition is true:

• Example
– Exit the loop when i is 3:

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The continue Statement
• With the continue statement we can stop the current iteration, and
continue with the next:

• Example
– Continue to the next iteration if i is 3:

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The else Statement
• With the else statement we can run a block of code once when the
condition no longer is true:

• Example
– Print a message once the condition is false:

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My first programming
• Let's create the Fibonacci sequence!
• What is the Fibonacci sequence?
• In mathematics, the Fibonacci sequence is a sequence in which each
number is the sum of the two preceding ones.

– 첫번째 항이 10보다 작을때까지만 만들어 보자 !

반복문

body

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_
sequence
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My first programming
• The keyword argument ‘end’ is used when you want to remove a
newline character included at the end of output or end the output
with another string.

end

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 Python Programming
(for)

Hyuntae Cho
Dept. of Digital Content
Tongmyong University
Python For Loops
• A for loop is used for iterating over a sequence (that is either a list, a
tuple, a dictionary, a set, or a string).

• This is less like the for keyword in other programming languages,

and works more like an iterator method as found in other object-
orientated programming languages.

• With the for loop we can execute a set of statements, once for each
item in a list, tuple, set etc.

• Example
– Print each fruit in a fruit list:

The for loop does not require an indexing variable to set beforehand.

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Looping Through a String
• Even strings are iterable objects, they contain a sequence of
characters:

• Example
– Loop through the letters in the word "banana":

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The break Statement
• With the break statement we can stop the loop before it has looped
through all the items:
• Example:
– Exit the loop when x is "banana":

• Example
– Exit the loop when x is "banana", but this time the break comes before the
print:

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The continue Statement
• With the continue statement we can stop the current iteration of the
loop, and continue with the next:
• Example
– Do not print banana:

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The range() Function
• To loop through a set of code a specified number of times, we can
use the range() function,
• The range() function returns a sequence of numbers, starting from 0
by default, and increments by 1 (by default), and ends at a specified
number.
• Example
– Using the range() function:

*Note that range(6) is not the values of 0 to 6, but the values 0 to 5.

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The range() Function
• The range() function defaults to 0 as a starting value, however it is
possible to specify the starting value by adding a parameter: range(2,
6), which means values from 2 to 6 (but not including 6):
• Example
– Using the start parameter:

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The range() Function
• The range() function defaults to increment the sequence by 1,
however it is possible to specify the increment value by adding a
third parameter: range(2, 30, 3):

• Example
– Increment the sequence with 3 (default is 1):

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Else in For Loop
• The else keyword in a for loop specifies a block of code to be
executed when the loop is finished:
• Example
– Print all numbers from 0 to 5, and print a message when the loop has ended:

*Note: The else block will NOT be executed if the loop is

stopped by a break statement.

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Else in For Loop
• Example
– Break the loop when x is 3, and see what happens with the else block:

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Nested Loops
• A nested loop is a loop inside a loop.

• The "inner loop" will be executed one time for each iteration of the
"outer loop":

• Example
– Print each adjective for every fruit:

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The pass Statement
• for loops cannot be empty, but if you for some reason have a for
loop with no content, put in the pass statement to avoid getting an
error.

Do nothing

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Conclusion
• Assignment → make a program below
– Input a number and output “*” on the x-axis and y-axis as many as the
number entered.
– Example:
• Input: 5

*
**
***
****
*****

a = int( input(‘input: ') )

print (“input is ", a )

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