UNIT III

Creating Sub and Function procedures, Calling

procedures, Passing arguments to procedures

Creating Sub and Function procedures, calling them, and passing arguments to them are
fundamental skills in VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) programming. These techniques help
you organize your code, make it more reusable, and improve its readability. Let's dive into how
to create, call, and pass arguments to Sub and Function procedures in VBA.

1. Creating Sub Procedures

A Sub procedure is a block of code that performs actions but does not return a value.

Syntax

Sub ProcedureName([arguments])
' Code to execute
End Sub
 ProcedureName: The name of the Sub procedure.
 arguments (optional): Parameters you want to pass to the procedure.

2. Creating Function Procedures

A Function procedure is similar to a Sub procedure, but it returns a value.

Syntax

Function FunctionName([arguments]) As DataType

' Code to execute
FunctionName = result
End Function
 FunctionName: The name of the Function procedure.
 arguments (optional): Parameters you want to pass to the procedure.
  DataType: The type of value the function returns.

Communicating with the user through the message

box, Gathering user information with the input
box
Communicating with the user and gathering information are fundamental aspects of creating
interactive VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) applications. This can be accomplished using
message boxes and input boxes. Below are detailed explanations and examples for both.

Communicating with the User: Message Boxes

The MsgBox function in VBA is used to display messages to the user. It can also be used to
gather simple user responses (like Yes/No or OK/Cancel).

Syntax

MsgBox(prompt[, buttons] [, title] [, helpfile, context])

 prompt: The message to be displayed.

 buttons (optional): Specifies the buttons to be displayed in the message box, such as
vbOKOnly, vbYesNo, vbExclamation, etc.
 title (optional): The title of the message box.
 helpfile, context (optional): These parameters are rarely used and specify the Help file
and context number for the Help button.

Example: Simple Message Box

Sub ShowMessage()
MsgBox "Hello, User!"
End Sub
Gathering User Information: Input Boxes

The InputBox function in VBA is used to prompt the user to enter information. The value
entered by the user is returned as a string.

Syntax

InputBox(prompt[, title] [, default] [, xpos] [, ypos] [, helpfile, context])

 prompt: The message prompting the user for input.

 title (optional): The title of the input box.
 default (optional): The default response that appears in the text box.
 xpos, ypos (optional): The position of the input box on the screen.
 helpfile, context (optional): These parameters are rarely used and specify the Help file
and context number for the Help button

Sub GetUserName()
Dim userName As String
userName = InputBox("Please enter your name:", "User Input")
If userName <> "" Then
MsgBox "Hello, " & userName & "!", vbInformation, "Greeting"
Else
MsgBox "You did not enter your name.", vbExclamation, "Warning"
End If
End Sub

Command buttons, List and Combo boxes, Labels,

Option buttons, Check boxes, Text boxes, Frames
In VBA (Visual Basic for Applications), particularly in UserForms, various controls can be used
to create interactive and user-friendly interfaces. These controls include command buttons, list
and combo boxes, labels, option buttons, check boxes, text boxes, and frames. Here’s a detailed
overview of each control, how to use them, and examples.
1. Command Buttons

Command buttons are used to execute code when clicked by the user.

Private Sub CommandButton1_Click()

MsgBox "Command Button Clicked!"
End Sub

2. List Boxes

List boxes display a list of items from which the user can select one or more.

Example

Private Sub UserForm_Initialize()

ListBox1.AddItem "Item 1"
ListBox1.AddItem "Item 2"
ListBox1.AddItem "Item 3"
End Sub

Private Sub ListBox1_Click()

MsgBox "You selected " & ListBox1.Value
End Sub

3. Combo Boxes

Combo boxes combine a text box with a list box, allowing the user to select from the list or enter
their own value.

Example
Private Sub UserForm_Initialize()
ComboBox1.AddItem "Option 1"
ComboBox1.AddItem "Option 2"
ComboBox1.AddItem "Option 3"
End Sub

Private Sub ComboBox1_Change()

MsgBox "You selected " & ComboBox1.Value
End Sub

4. Labels

Labels are used to display text or information to the user.

Example

Private Sub UserForm_Initialize()

Label1.Caption = "Enter your name:"
End Sub

5. Option Buttons

Option buttons (also known as radio buttons) allow the user to select one option from a group of
options.

Example

Private Sub OptionButton1_Click()

 If OptionButton1.Value = True Then
MsgBox "Option 1 selected"
End If
End Sub

Private Sub OptionButton2_Click()

If OptionButton2.Value = True Then
MsgBox "Option 2 selected"
End If
End Sub

6. Check Boxes

Check boxes allow the user to select or deselect options independently.

Example

Private Sub CheckBox1_Click()

If CheckBox1.Value = True Then
MsgBox "Check Box 1 selected"
Else
MsgBox "Check Box 1 deselected"
End If
End Sub

7. Text Boxes

Text boxes are used to capture user input.

Example

Private Sub CommandButton1_Click()

MsgBox "You entered: " & TextBox1.Value
End Sub

8. Frames

Frames are used to group related controls together, making the form more organized.

Example

Private Sub UserForm_Initialize()

Frame1.Caption = "Personal Information"
Label1.Caption = "Name:"
TextBox1.Text = ""
End Sub

Using Font Property in cells, Using Various

Background Properties in Excel VBA
In VBA (Visual Basic for Applications), you can use the Font and Interior properties to format
the text and background of cells in Excel. These properties allow you to set various attributes
like font size, color, bold, italic, and background color. Below, we'll explore how to use these
properties with examples.

Using the Font Property

The Font property is used to format the text within a cell or a range of cells. Here are some
common attributes you can set using the Font property:

 Bold
 Italic
 Name (Font Name)
 Size (Font Size)
 Color
Example: Setting Font Properties

Sub FormatFont()
With Range("A1")
.Value = "Hello, World!"
.Font.Name = "Arial"
.Font.Size = 14
.Font.Bold = True
.Font.Italic = True
.Font.Color = RGB(255, 0, 0) ' Red color
End With
End Sub

In this example, the text in cell A1 is set to Arial, size 14, bold, italic, and colored red.

Using Various Background Properties

The Interior property is used to format the background of a cell or a range of cells. Common
attributes you can set using the Interior property include:

 Color
 Pattern
 PatternColor
 PatternColorIndex
Example: Setting Background Color

Sub FormatBackground()
With Range("B2")
.Value = "Formatted Cell"
.Interior.Color = RGB(200, 200, 255) ' Light blue background
End With
End Sub

Creating a Counter, String Handling

Creating a counter and handling strings are common tasks in VBA (Visual Basic for
Applications). Let's explore how to implement these tasks.

Creating a Counter

A counter is a variable that keeps track of the number of occurrences or the amount of
something. In VBA, you can create a counter using variables and loops.

Example: Simple Counter

Let's create a simple counter that counts from 1 to 10 and displays the count in a message box.

Sub SimpleCounter()
Dim i As Integer
For i = 1 To 10
MsgBox "Count: " & i
Next i
End Sub

String Handling

VBA provides several functions for handling strings, including concatenation, finding substrings,
and manipulating string contents.
1. Concatenation

Concatenation is the process of combining two or more strings.

Sub ConcatenateStrings()
Dim str1 As String
Dim str2 As String
Dim result As String

str1 = "Hello, "

str2 = "World!"
result = str1 & str2

MsgBox result ' Output: "Hello, World!"

End Sub

2. Finding Substrings

You can find substrings within a string using the InStr function.
Sub FindSubstring()
Dim mainString As String
Dim subString As String
Dim position As Integer

mainString = "Hello, World!"

subString = "World"

position = InStr(mainString, subString)

If position > 0 Then

MsgBox "Substring found at position: " & position
Else
MsgBox "Substring not found."
End If
End Sub

3. Extracting Substrings

You can extract substrings using the Mid function.

Sub ExtractSubstring()
Dim mainString As String
 Dim subString As String

mainString = "Hello, World!"

' Extract "World" from the main string

subString = Mid(mainString, 8, 5)

MsgBox "Extracted substring: " & subString ' Output: "World"

End Sub

4. Changing Case

You can change the case of strings using the UCase, LCase, and StrConv function

Sub ChangeCase()
Dim originalString As String
Dim upperCaseString As String
Dim lowerCaseString As String
Dim properCaseString As String

originalString = "hello, world!"

upperCaseString = UCase(originalString)
lowerCaseString = LCase(originalString)
 properCaseString = StrConv(originalString, vbProperCase)

MsgBox "Original: " & originalString & vbCrLf & _

"Upper Case: " & upperCaseString & vbCrLf & _
"Lower Case: " & lowerCaseString & vbCrLf & _
"Proper Case: " & properCaseString
End Sub

5. Trimming Spaces

You can trim leading and trailing spaces from a string using the Trim function.

Sub TrimSpaces()
Dim originalString As String
Dim trimmedString As String

originalString = " Hello, World! "

trimmedString = Trim(originalString)

MsgBox "Original: '" & originalString & "'" & vbCrLf & _
"Trimmed: '" & trimmedString & "'"
End Sub

6. String Length

You can find the length of a string using the Len function.
Sub StringLength()
Dim myString As String
Dim length As Integer

myString = "Hello, World!"

length = Len(myString)

MsgBox "The length of the string is: " & length

End Sub

In VBA (Visual Basic for Applications), the Left and Right string functions are used to extract
a specified number of characters from the beginning or end of a string, respectively. These
functions are useful for parsing and manipulating text data.

Left Function

The Left function returns a specified number of characters from the beginning (left side) of a
string.

Syntax

Left(string, length)
 string: The original string from which you want to extract characters.
 length: The number of characters to extract from the left side of the string.

Example: Using the Left Function

Sub ExampleLeftFunction()
Dim originalString As String
 Dim leftString As String

originalString = "Hello, World!"

leftString = Left(originalString, 5)

MsgBox "Original String: " & originalString & vbCrLf & _

"Left String: " & leftString ' Output: "Hello"
End Sub

Right Function

The Right function returns a specified number of characters from the end (right side) of a string.

Syntax

 string: The original string from which you want to extract characters.
 length: The number of characters to extract from the right side of the string.

Example: Using the Right Function

Sub ExampleRightFunction()
Dim originalString As String
Dim rightString As String

originalString = "Hello, World!"

rightString = Right(originalString, 6)

MsgBox "Original String: " & originalString & vbCrLf & _

"Right String: " & rightString ' Output: "World!"
End Sub