B. N.M.

Institute of Technology
An Autonomous Institution under VTU
Department: Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Assignment – I
Sem: V
Sub: Electromagnetic Fields and Wave Theory
Sub Code:21EEE152

1. Define Electromagnetic compatibility? Explain with an example to depict various types of

interference that occur in electronic equipment’s?
2. With a neat block diagram explain in detail the typical noise path transmitted to receptor?
3. Given two vectors, 𝐴⃗ =2𝑎 ̂𝑥−5𝑎 ̂𝑦− 4𝑎 ̂𝑧 & 𝐵⃗⃗ =3𝑎 ̂𝑥+5𝑎 ̂𝑦+ 2𝑎 ̂𝑧 Find the dot
product and angle between them.
4. Given the Cartesian co-ordinate of the vector 𝐻 ⃗ = 20𝑎 ̂𝑟 − 10𝑎 ̂ + 3𝑎 ̂𝑧 at point (x=5, y=2,
z=-1). Find 𝐻 ⃗ in Cartesian coordinate systems.
5. Express 𝐵⃗⃗ =𝑟2𝑎 𝑟̂ +sinθ𝑎 ̂θ in Cartesian co-ordinates. Hence obtain 𝐵⃗⃗ at P(1,2,3)
6. Derive mathematical equations for (i) gradient of a scalar function (ii) Divergence of a vector
function (iii) curl of a vector function and also express in terms of cylindrical and spherical co-
ordinate systems
7. Transform the vectors from (i) Cartesian to cylindrical form and vice versa (ii) Cartesian to
spherical co-ordinate systems and vice versa 𝑊⃗⃗ =10𝑎̂𝑥−8𝑎̂𝑦+6𝑎̂𝑧 at point P(10,-8,6)
8. What is the physical meaning of Divergence? Derive an expression for point form of gauss
law. And hence arrive at gauss divergence theorem.
9. Given that D=5r2/4 ar c/m2 evaluate both sides of divergence theorem for the volume
enclosed by r=4m and θ=π/4.
10. Show that electric field intensity is equal to negative potential gradient
11. An electric field strength 1.2 Vm-1 is entering a dielectric medium of =4 from air. The orientation
of electric field in air is 65o with respect to boundary. Determine the orientation of the electric field
and its strength in the dielectric medium
12 At the boundary between glass ( r=4 ) and air, the lines of electric field makes an angle of
40o with respect to normal. If D in air is 0.25 C-m-2, determine the orientation and magnitude
of D in glass medium.
13. Given the potential field V=(A𝜌4 + 𝐵⃗⃗𝜌−4 )𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝜑
(i) Show that ∇2 𝑉 = 0
(ii) Select A & B so that V=100 V &
|𝐸⃗ | = 500 𝑉𝑚−1 𝑎𝑡 𝑃(𝜌 = 1, 𝜑 = 22.50 , 𝑧 = 2)
14 Derive an expression for Poisson’s and Laplace equation and express the same in all co-
ordinate systems.
15 Derive an expression for the capacitance of a sphere of radius ‘r’m.
 B. N.M. Institute of Technology
An Autonomous Institution under VTU
Department: Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Assignment -II
Sem: V
Sub: Electromagnetic Fields and Wave Theory
Sub Code:21EEE152
Module 4
1. Derive an expression for Lorentz force equation. And hence derive an expression for force
acting on a differential current element kept in magnetic field of B tesla from Lorentz force
equation
2. A conductor of length 2.5 m located at z=0, x=4m carries a current of 12 A in -ay direction. Find
⃗⃗ in the region if the force on the conductor is 1.2x10-2 N in the direction −𝒂̂𝒙 +𝒂̂𝒛
the vector 𝑩
√𝟐
Given L=2.5 m at x=4, z=0 m I=12 A in (-𝑎̂ 𝑦 ) direction
WKT 𝐹 = 𝐼𝐿 ⃗ 𝑋𝐵⃗⃗⃗
̂
−𝑎 𝑥 +𝑎̂ 𝑧
1.2x10-2x(
2
̂ 𝑦 )𝑋(𝐵⃗⃗𝑥 𝑎̂𝑥 + 𝐵⃗⃗𝑦 𝑎̂𝑦 + 𝐵⃗⃗𝑧 𝑎̂𝑧
) =(12)(2.5(-𝑎
√
1.2x10−2
(−𝑎̂ 𝑥 + 𝑎̂ 𝑧 ) = 30[𝐵⃗⃗𝑥 𝑎̂𝑧 + 0 − 𝐵⃗⃗𝑧 𝑎̂𝑥
√2
Equating the unit vectors
1.2x10−2
− = −30𝐵⃗⃗𝑧 (𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓𝑎̂𝑥 )
√2
1.2x10−2
= 30𝐵⃗⃗𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓𝑎̂𝑧 )
√2
𝐵⃗⃗𝑥 = 𝐵⃗⃗𝑧 = 2.82𝑋10−4
∴ 𝐵⃗⃗⃗ = 2.82𝑋10−4 (𝑎̂ 𝑥 + 𝑎̂ 𝑧 )𝑇
3. Derive an expression for force between two parallel conductors carrying a current of
I Amps in opposite direction
Point P1 Point P2
Magnetic field intensity at point P1 due to 2nd Magnetic field intensity at point P2 due to 1st
conductor carrying a current of I2 amps is given as conductor carrying a current of I1 amps is given
𝐼2 as
⃗ 𝑃1 =
𝐻 (−𝑎̂𝑥 ) 𝐴⃗𝑚−1
2𝜋𝑑 𝐼1
𝜇𝐼 ⃗ 𝑃2 =
𝐻 (−𝑎̂𝑥 ) 𝐴⃗𝑚−1
∴ 𝐵⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑃1 = 2 (−𝑎 ̂𝑥 ) 𝑇 2𝜋𝑑
2𝜋𝑑 𝜇𝐼1
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑑𝐹 1 = 𝐼1 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑑𝐿𝑋𝐵⃗⃗⃗ 𝑃1 ∴ ⃗⃗𝐵⃗⃗𝑃2 = (−𝑎 ̂𝑥 ) 𝑇
2𝜋𝑑
𝜇𝐼 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑑𝐹 2 = 𝐼2 ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑑𝐿𝑋𝐵⃗⃗⃗ 𝑃2
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 1 = 𝐼1 𝑑𝑧 𝑎̂𝑧 𝑋 2 (−𝑎̂𝑥 ) 𝑁
𝑑𝐹
2𝜋𝑑 𝜇𝐼
𝜇𝐼1 𝐼2 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 2 = 𝐼2 𝑑𝑧 (−𝑎̂𝑧 )𝑋 1 (−𝑎̂𝑥 ) 𝑁
𝑑𝐹
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑑𝐹 1 = 𝑑 (−𝑎̂𝑦 ) 𝑁 2𝜋𝑑
2𝜋𝑑 𝑧 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝜇𝐼1 𝐼2
Force acting on 1m length of the conductor 𝑑𝐹 2 = 𝑑 (𝑎̂ ) 𝑁
1
2𝜋𝑑 𝑧 𝑦
𝜇𝐼1 𝐼2 Force acting on 1m length of the conductor
𝐹1 = ∫ 𝑑𝑧 (−𝑎̂𝑦 ) 1
𝑧=0 2𝜋𝑑 𝜇𝐼1 𝐼2
𝜇𝐼1 𝐼2 𝐹2 = ∫ 𝑑𝑧 (𝑎̂𝑦 )
𝐹1 = (−𝑎̂𝑦 ) 𝑁𝑚−1 𝑧=0 2𝜋𝑑
2𝜋𝑑 𝜇𝐼1 𝐼2
𝐹2 = (𝑎̂ ) 𝑁𝑚−1
2𝜋𝑑 𝑦

4. Derive an expression for the relationship between tangential and normal components
of H & B applied to magnetic boundary conditions.
5. Derive an expression for inductance of solenoid and toroidal magnetic circuits
6. Problems on inductance of solenoid, coaxial cable and toroidal
7.Write a note on magnetization and permeability?

Module 5
8. Derive an expression for statically induced emf and dynamically induced emf.
9. Show that the ratio of conduction current density to displacement current density is

given by 𝝎𝜺
10. List the Maxwell’s equations both in integral and differential form applied to both
electric and magnetic fields.
11. Let =3x10-5 H/m, =1.2x10-10F/m and =0 everywhere. If ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑯 = 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎 𝒕 −
𝜷𝒙) 𝒂̂𝒛 𝑨𝒎−𝟏 . use Maxwell’s equation to obtain an expression for ⃗𝑩
⃗ , ⃗𝑫
⃗ 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ⃗𝑬.

⃗ = 3x10-5X2 cos(1010 𝑡 − 𝛽𝑥) 𝑎̂𝑧 = 6𝑋10−5 cos(1010 𝑡 − 𝛽𝑥)𝑎̂𝑧 T

⃗ = 𝜇𝐻
(1) 𝐵⃗⃗
⃗
⃗ = 𝜕𝐷
(1) ∇𝑋𝐻 (=0, J=E=0)
𝜕𝑡
𝑎̂𝑥 𝑎̂𝑦 𝑎̂𝑧
⃗
𝜕𝐷
= |⁄𝑥 ⁄𝑦 ⁄
𝑧
⃗
| = ∇𝑋𝐻
𝜕𝑡
0 0 2 cos(1010 𝑡 − 𝛽𝑥)
⃗
𝜕𝐷
= 𝑎̂𝑥 (0 − 0) − 𝑎̂𝑦 (−2𝛽 (−sin(1010 𝑡 − 𝛽𝑥))) + 𝑎̂𝑧 (0 − 0)
𝜕𝑡
⃗
𝜕𝐷
= −2𝛽 sin(1010 𝑡 − 𝛽𝑥) 𝑎̂𝑦
𝜕𝑡
 Integrate with respect to t
−𝑐𝑜𝑠(1010 𝑡 − 𝛽𝑥) 𝑐𝑜𝑠(1010 𝑡 − 𝛽𝑥)
⃗𝐷 = −2𝛽 𝑎̂𝑦 = 2𝛽 𝑎̂𝑦 𝐶𝑚−2
1010 10 10
⃗
𝐷 𝑐𝑜𝑠(1010 𝑡−𝛽𝑥)
(2) 𝐸⃗ = 𝜀 = 2𝛽 1010 𝑋1.2𝑋10−10 𝑎̂𝑦 = 1.66𝛽𝑐𝑜𝑠(1010 𝑡 − 𝛽𝑥)𝑎̂𝑦 𝑉𝑚−1

12 Derive Maxwell’s equations in point form of gauss law for electric and magnetic
field.
13. Derive an expression for wave equation in terms of E and D.
We know from Maxwell’s equation that
𝝏𝑩⃗⃗ 𝝏𝑯 ⃗⃗⃗
⃗ =−
𝛁𝑿𝑬 = −𝝁
𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒕
Taking Curl on both sides
𝝏(𝛁𝑿𝑯 ⃗⃗⃗ )
𝛁𝐗𝛁𝑿𝑬 ⃗ = −𝝁
𝝏𝒕
𝜕 ⃗
𝜕𝐷
∇(∇. 𝐸⃗ ) − ∇. (∇𝐸⃗ ) = −𝜇 (𝐽 + )
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑡
Since ∇. 𝐸⃗ = 0 as ∇. 𝐷
⃗ =0
𝜕 𝜕 2 𝐸⃗
−∇2 𝐸⃗ = −𝜇 (𝜎𝐸⃗ ) − 𝜇𝜀 2
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑡
𝟐⃗
𝝏 𝝏 𝑬
𝛁𝟐𝑬 ⃗ = 𝝁𝝈 (𝑬 ⃗ ) + 𝝁𝜺
𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒕𝟐
Multiply both sides by 𝜀
𝝏 𝝏𝟐 𝑫⃗⃗
𝟐 ⃗⃗ ⃗⃗
𝛁 𝑫 = 𝝁𝝈 (𝑫) + 𝝁𝜺 𝟐
𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒕
Case (1) For free space, 𝝈 = 𝟎, 𝝁 = 𝝁𝒐 & 𝜺 = 𝜺𝒐
𝝏𝟐 ⃗𝑬
𝛁 𝟐 ⃗𝑬 = 𝝁𝒐 𝜺𝒐 𝟐
𝝏𝒕
Case (2) For perfect dielectric
⃗
𝝏𝟐 𝑬
𝛁𝟐𝑬⃗ = 𝝁𝜺
𝝏𝒕𝟐
14 Derive an expression for wave equation in terms of H and B.
We know from Maxwell’s equation that
⃗
𝜕𝐷 𝜕𝐸⃗
∇𝑋𝐻⃗ =𝐽+ = 𝜎𝐸⃗ + 𝜀
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑡
Taking Curl on both sides
𝜕(∇𝑋𝐸⃗ )
⃗ = 𝜎(∇𝑋𝐸⃗ ) + 𝜀
∇X∇𝑋𝐻
𝜕𝑡
⃗
𝜕𝐵⃗⃗ 𝜕 ⃗
𝜕𝐵⃗⃗
⃗ ) − ∇. (∇𝐻
∇(∇. 𝐻 ⃗ ) = 𝜎 (− ) + 𝜀 (− )
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑡
⃗ = 0 as ∇. 𝐵⃗⃗
Since ∇. 𝐻 ⃗ =0
𝜕𝐻⃗ 𝜕2𝐻⃗
⃗ = −𝜇𝜎
−∇2 𝐻 − 𝜇𝜀 2
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑡
𝜕𝐻⃗ 2⃗
𝜕 𝐻
⃗ = 𝜇𝜎
∇2 𝐻 + 𝜇𝜀 2
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑡
Multiply both sides by 𝜀
 Case (1) For free space, 𝝈 = 𝟎, 𝝁 = 𝝁𝒐 & 𝜺 = 𝜺𝒐
⃗⃗⃗
𝝏𝟐 𝑯
⃗⃗⃗ = 𝝁𝒐 𝜺𝒐
𝛁𝟐𝑯
𝝏𝒕𝟐
Case (2) For perfect dielectric
𝝏𝟐 ⃗𝑯
⃗⃗
𝛁 𝟐 ⃗𝑯
⃗⃗ = 𝝁 𝜺
𝝏𝒕𝟐
15. Derive an expression skin depth or depth of penetration.

If the electromagnetic wave is propagated along X-direction in a good conducting medium, electric
field at any point on the x-direction at any time is given by
𝐸(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐸𝑚 𝑒 −𝛼𝑥 cos(𝜔𝑡 − 𝛽𝑥)
Amplitude |𝐸| = 𝐸𝑚 𝑒 −𝛼𝑥
Case (1) At x=0, |𝐸| = 𝐸𝑚
𝐸𝑚
Case (2) At x=1/, |𝐸| = 𝑒
= 0.3687𝐸𝑚
Skin depth (): Skin depth is defined as the depth at which the strength of electric field intensity
reduces to 36.78% or 1/e times the strength existing on the surface of the conductor.
1 1 2
Skin depth = 𝛼 = 𝜔𝜇𝜎
= √𝜔𝜇𝜎 m
√ 2

Note: When =∞, (perfect conductor) => =0. This means that the wave will not enter the perfect
conductor.

16. State and prove poynting vector theorem

Poynting theorem states that the vector or cross product of 𝐸⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐻
⃗ is a measure of power flow per
unit area at that point.
𝑃 = 𝐸⃗ 𝑋𝐻 ⃗ 𝑊⃗⃗𝑚−2
We know from Maxwell’s equation that
⃗
𝜕𝐷
∇𝑋𝐻 ⃗ =𝐽+
𝜕𝑡
⃗
𝜕𝐷
𝐽 = ∇𝑋𝐻 ⃗ −
𝜕𝑡
Multiply both sides by 𝐸⃗ (dot product)
⃗
𝜕𝐷
𝐸⃗ . 𝐽 = 𝐸⃗ . ( ∇𝑋𝐻 ⃗ ) − 𝐸⃗ . → (1)
𝜕𝑡
According to vector rule
 ∇. (𝐸⃗ 𝑋𝐻
⃗)=𝐻
⃗ . (∇𝑋𝐸⃗ ) − 𝐸⃗ . (∇𝑋𝐻
⃗)
𝐸⃗ . (∇𝑋𝐻
⃗)=𝐻
⃗ . (∇𝑋𝐸⃗ ) − ∇. (𝐸⃗ 𝑋𝐻
⃗ ) → (2)

Subs (2) in (1)

𝜕𝐷 ⃗
𝐸⃗ . 𝐽 = 𝐻
⃗ . (∇𝑋𝐸⃗ ) − ∇. (𝐸⃗ 𝑋𝐻
⃗ ) − 𝐸⃗ .
𝜕𝑡
∂𝐵⃗⃗ ⃗ 𝜕(𝜀𝐸⃗ )
𝐸⃗ . 𝐽 = 𝐻⃗ . (− ) − ∇. (𝐸⃗ 𝑋𝐻 ⃗ ) − 𝐸⃗ .
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑡
𝜕𝐻⃗ 𝜕(𝐸⃗ )
𝐸⃗ . 𝐽 = −𝐻 ⃗ − 𝜀𝐸⃗ . − ∇. (𝐸⃗ 𝑋𝐻⃗ ) → (3)
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑡
WKT
𝜕𝐻 2 𝜕𝐻⃗
= 2𝐻 ⃗
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑡
𝟏 𝝏𝑯 𝟐
𝝏𝑯⃗⃗⃗
=𝑯 ⃗⃗⃗ → (𝒂)
𝟐 𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒕
Similarly
𝜕𝐸 2 𝜕𝐸⃗
= 2𝐸⃗
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑡
𝟏 𝝏𝑬 𝟐
𝝏𝑬⃗
= ⃗𝑬 → (𝒃)
𝟐 𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒕
Subs (a) and (b) into (3)
 𝜕𝐻 2 𝜀 𝜕𝐸 2
𝐸⃗ . 𝐽 = − − − ∇. (𝐸⃗ 𝑋𝐻 ⃗)
2 𝜕𝑡 2 𝜕𝑡
𝜕 𝐻 2 𝜀𝐸 2
𝐸⃗ . 𝐽 = − { + } − ∇. (𝐸⃗ 𝑋𝐻 ⃗)
𝜕𝑡 2 2
This equation is a power equation applicable for per unit volume. Therefore, taking
volume integration on both sides
𝜕 𝐻 2 𝜀𝐸 2
∫ 𝐸⃗ . 𝐽. 𝑑𝑣 = − ∫ { + } . 𝑑𝑣 − ∫ ∇. (𝐸⃗ 𝑋𝐻 ⃗ ). 𝑑𝑣
𝑣 𝑣 𝜕𝑡 2 2 𝑣
𝜕 𝐻 2 𝜀𝐸 2
∫ 𝐸⃗ . 𝐽. 𝑑𝑣 = − ∫ { + } . 𝑑𝑣 − ∫ ∇. (𝐸⃗ 𝑋𝐻 ⃗ ). 𝑑𝑣
𝑣 𝑣 𝜕𝑡 2 2 𝑣
𝝏 𝑯𝟐 𝜺𝑬𝟐
∫ ⃗𝑬. 𝑱. 𝒅𝒗 + ∫ { + } . 𝒅𝒗 = − ∫ (𝑬 ⃗ 𝑿𝑯
⃗⃗⃗ ). 𝒅𝒔
𝒗 𝒗 𝝏𝒕 𝟐 𝟐 𝒔
{∫ ∇. (𝐸⃗ 𝑋𝐻
𝑣
⃗ ). 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ (𝐸⃗ 𝑋𝐻
𝑠
⃗ ). 𝑑𝑠 as per Gauss divergence theorem}
⃗ . 𝑱: 𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒑𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆.
(1) 𝑬
⃗ . 𝑱. 𝒅𝒗
Therefore total power dissipated in total volume v is ∫ 𝑬
𝒗
𝝏  𝑯𝟐 𝜺𝑬𝟐
(2) ∫𝒗 { + } . 𝒅𝒗 : 𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚 𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎 𝒐𝒇
𝝏𝒕 𝟐 𝟐
𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 & 𝒎𝒂𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒇𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒗
⃗ 𝑿𝑯
(3) − ∫𝒔 (𝑬 ⃗⃗⃗ ). 𝒅𝒔 : 𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚 𝒐𝒓 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒇𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒈𝒉 𝒕𝒉𝒆
𝒄𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆