Introduction to

CLOUD COMPUTING

By
Dr. Abdullah Al-Amodi
 What is Cloud Computing?
• Cloud Computing is a general term used to describe a new
class of network-based computing that takes place over the
Internet,
– a collection/group of integrated and networked hardware,
software and Internet infrastructure (called a platform).
– Using the Internet for communication and transport
provides hardware, software and networking services to
clients
• These platforms hide the complexity and details of the
underlying infrastructure from users and applications by
providing a very simple graphical interface or API
(Applications Programming Interface).

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 What is Cloud Computing?
• In addition, the platform provides on demand
services, that are always on, anywhere,
anytime and any place.
• Pay for use and as needed, elastic
– scale up and down in capacity and functionalities
• The hardware and software services are
available to
– The general public, enterprises, corporations, and
businesses markets

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 What is Cloud Computing
APPLICATION
SERVICE S
S

COMPUTER NETWORK

STORAGE
(DATABASE)
SERVERS
• Shared pool of configurable computing resources
• On-demand network access
• Provisioned by the Service Provider
Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim 4
Grance
 Cloud Definition By NIST
The U.S. National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST) defines cloud computing as:
• Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous,
convenient, on-demand network access to a shared
pool of configurable computing resources (e.g.,
networks, servers, storage, applications, and services)
that can be rapidly provisioned and released with
minimal management effort or service provider
interaction.

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 characteristics

• Rapid elasticity
– You can go from 5 servers to 50 or from 50 servers to
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• Measured service
– You pay for what you use
• On-demand self-service
– You get elasticity automatically
• Ubiquitous network access
– You can access the cloud from anywhere
• Location-independent resource pooling
– You work with virtual machines that could be hosted
anywhere
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Cloud Architecture

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 CLOUD COMPONENTS
• 3 components
• Clients
• Datacenter
• Distributed servers

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 CLOUD COMPONENTS
• Clients
• Mobile
• Smartphones, Tablets, Service Hubs
• Thin
• no internal hard drives, It lets servers do all work, displays
info
• Thick
• Laptops, desktop computers
• Which is the best?
• Thin - lower costs, security, power consumption, easy to
replace, less noise 9
 DATA CENTER
• Data Center – a facility used to house computer
systems and associated components

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 DISTRIBUTED SERVERS
• Servers host the resources needed by cloud users
• 1- Compute nodes
• Provides CPU, Memory, Scratch Storage, and Networking
resources through virtualized interfaces.
• 2- Storage nodes
• Compute nodes only provide temporary storage space for
users/applications
• Storage nodes provide long-term data storage solutions
• Can be mapped to specific processes running on compute
nodes, users, interface applications, etc.

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DISTRIBUTED SERVERS..cont.
• 3- Administrative nodes
• Provides “hidden” back-end services such as
resource load balancing,
administrative/resource databases,
security/firewalls, cloud macro management

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 TYPES OF CLOUDS
• Public Cloud
–Marketed based on
• Resources offered, availability, security, price
• Local/Private Cloud
–Cloud architectures tailored to an organization’s needs.
• Hybrid Cloud
–Combination of public and local cloud resources.

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 Cloud Service Models
Software as a Platform as a Infrastructure as a
Service (SaaS) Service (PaaS) Service (IaaS)

SalesForce CRM

LotusLive

Google
App
Engine

Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim 14
Grance
 Different Cloud Computing Layers
MS Live/ExchangeLabs,
Application
IBM,
Service Google Apps; Salesforce.com
(SaaS) Quicken Online, Zoho, Cisco
Google App Engine, Mosso,
Application Platform Force.com, Engine Yard,
Facebook, Heroku, AWS

Server 3Tera, EC2, SliceHost,

GoGrid, RightScale, Linode
Platform
Storage Amazon S3, Dell, Apple, ...
Platform

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 Cloud services

• Machines in the cloud

– Can I move my VM elsewhere?
• Storage in the cloud
– Can I move my data elsewhere?
• Databases in the cloud
– Can I move my data elsewhere?
• Applications in the cloud
– Can I run my application elsewhere?

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 Cloud services

There are four basic things people are doing in the cloud:
1. Machines in the cloud
2. Storage in the cloud
3. Databases in the cloud
4. Applications in the cloud

In addition to these four basics, cloud providers offer other

services such as message queues and data mining All of these
things are lumped into the generic term “cloud computing”

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 1.Machines in the cloud
Many cloud providers allow you to create a Virtual
Machine (VM) and deploy it in the cloud:
• Your VM images are stored in cloud storage
• You can create as many images as you need
• You can automatically start and stop running
instances of those images as needed

This is the simplest way to get started in the cloud,

particularly if you’ve been using virtualization already

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 2.Storage in the cloud

Most cloud storage systems are designed as distributed,

redundant systems
• Your data are stored on more than one disk in more than
one place
• If one part of the system goes down, the rest of the system
keeps going
• “There should never be a single point of failure” is a stated
design goal
But you can’t think of cloud storage as just another hard drive

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 3.Databases in the cloud

Cloud databases have similar design points Datasets

are distributed for reliability
• Some cloud databases support schemas, some don’t
• Some cloud databases support joins, most don’t Some
cloud databases are relational, almost all aren’t
• Some cloud databases are transactional, some aren’t

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 4.Software as a Service (SaaS)
• SaaS is a model of software deployment where an
application is hosted as a service provided to
customers across the Internet.
• Saas soothes the load of software
maintenance/support
– but users quit control over software versions and
requirements.
• Terms that are used in this field include
– Platform as a Service (PaaS) and
– Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

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