ASSIGNMENT ON RELATION AND FUNCTIONS

1. Show that the relations R on the set A={x ∈ Z :0 ≤ x ≤ 12} given by R={(a,b):|a-b| is a multiple of 4} is an equivalence
relation. Find all the set of all the elements related to 1 i.e. equivalence class [1]

2. Show that the relations R on set A = {1,2,3,4,5} is given by R = {(a,b): |a-b| is even} is an equivalence relation Show that all
the elements of (1,3,5) related to each other, and all the elements of (2,4) are related to each other, but no element of (1,3,5)
is related to any element of (2,4).

3. Prove that the relation R in the set Z of integers defined as R= {(a, b): a +b is divisible by 2} is an equivalence relation. Write
the equivalence class [ 0]

4. Let N be the set of natural numbers and R be the relation on NXN defined by (a, b) R (c, d) if only if ad=bc for all a, b, c, d∈
N. Show that R is an equivalence relation

5. Let A= {1,2, 3, …,9} and R be the relation on A×A defined as (a, b) R (c, d) if and only if a+ d=b+ c. Prove that R is an
equivalence relation also obtain the equivalence class [(2,5)]

6. Let R be the relation on N×N defined by (a, b) R (c, d) if and only if ad (b+ c) =bc (a+ d), Prove that R is an equivalence
relation

7. Show that the relation R defined on the set N×N defined as (a, b) R (c, d) if and only if a2+𝑑2=𝑏2+𝑐2 is an equivalence
relation.

x
8. Show that the function f : R → R given as f ( x ) = 2 is neither one to one nor onto.
x +1
9. Show that the function f : N → N given as f ( x ) =x2 + x +1 is one to one but not onto

10. Check whether the relation R on the set N of natural numbers given by R= {(a, b): b is a multiple of a} is reflexive,
symmetric and transitive

11. Let R be equivalence relation on the set A={ 0 , 1, 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 } given by R={( a , b ) :2∣( a−b ) }. Write the equivalence class
of {0}

12. Let R be the relation on N×N defined as (a, b) R (c, d) if and only if a+ d=b+ c. Prove that R is an equivalence relation also
obtain the equivalence class [(2,3)] and [(1,3)]

13. Prove that Greatest Integer function f : R → R given as f ( x ) =[ x ] is neither one-one nor onto.

x
14. A function f : R−[ −1 ,1 ] → R given as f ( x )= 2
. Prove that the function is neither one-one nor onto.
x −1
x−2
15. Let A = R – {3} and B = R – {1}. Consider the function f : A → B given as f ( x )=( ) . Show that f is bijective.
x−3

{
n+1
,if nis odd
2
16. Show that f : N → N given as f ( x ) = ismany−one onto function
n
,if n iseven
2

x
17. Show that the function f : R → {x ∈ R :−1< x<1 }defined as f ( x )= is one-one onto function.
1+¿ x∨¿ , x ∈ R ¿

18. Show that f : N → N given as f ( x ) = { x , if x is even

x +1 ,if x is odd is one−one onto function

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS

1.
During a Swachh Bharat Abhiyan organizing committee wanted collect and segregate Metal, Paper, glass, batteries, organic
and plastic waste. In the set of all participants a relation R defined as R= {(x, y) ∈R: both the participants x and y collect the
same type of waste} Based on the information given above answer the following questions

(a) Check whether R is an Equivalence relation in the set of all participants

(b) In how many groups the participants are divided on the basis of their waste collection assume that there are participants
to collect all type of waste

(c) State whether the waste collected from different groups are segregated or not?

2. A Physical education teacher asked the class teacher to form four teams with 12 members each out of the 48 students for a
Kabaddi match. The class teacher asked to the students to form teams in such way that “two students are in the same team if
difference of their roll numbers is divisible by 4” Based on the above information answer the following questions

(a) Is it possible to form the teams by the method adopted by class teacher?

(b) Which roll numbers are members of the team in which roll number 5 belongs?

(c ) If R is a relation defined in the set of roll numbers as R={(x,y):difference of x and y is divisible by 4 } show that R is an
equivalence relation?

3. In a Master chef competition final round 3 chef were selected and Judges assigned three dishes D= {𝐷1, 𝐷2, 𝐷3, } to the
participants P= {𝑃1, 𝑃2, 𝑃3, } and asked them to prepare dishes as per the following rules. Rule A: everybody has to prepare
exactly one dish Rule B: No two participant is allowed to prepare same dish Rule C: All the dish must be prepared in the
competition Answer the following questions in the context of functions

(a) In how many ways all participants can choose a Dish as per rule A? Justify your answer

(b) In how many ways everybody can choose a dish to prepare as per Rule B? Justify your answer.

(c) In How many ways all participants can prepare exactly one dish as per rule C, Justify your answer
4. Farmers plant sapling along straight lines parallel to each other as in figure .Let us assume that saplings are planted along
the line y=x +1 and paralell to it.Let L be the set of all lines on the field Answer the following using the above information

(i) 𝑅1 be a relation defined on L as 𝑅1={(𝑙1, 𝑙2): 𝑙1 ∥ 𝑙2,where 𝑙1, 𝑙2 ∈ L} then 𝑅1 is

(a) Equivalence relation (b) only Reflexive

(c) Not reflexive (d) Symmetric but not transitive

(ii) Which of the following line is related the line y=x+1 as per definition of the relation 𝑅1

(a) 2x-y+5=0 (b)2x+y=5 (c ) 2x-2y=10 (d) x+y=1

(iii) 𝑅2 be a relation defined on L as 𝑅2={(𝑙1, 𝑙2): 𝑙1⟂ 𝑙2,where 𝑙1, 𝑙2∈L} then 𝑅2 is

(a) symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive

(b) reflexive and symmetric but not transitive

(c) reflexive but neither symmetric not transitive

(d) R is an equivalence relation

(iv) The function f : R → R given as f ( x ) =x+1 is

(a) Injective but not surjective (b)Surjective but not injective

(c) Bijective (d)Neither Injective Not Surjective

(v) Let function f : R → R given as f ( x ) =x+1 then range of function is

(a) Q (b)Z (c) W (d) R

5. Sherlin and Danju are playing Ludo by rolling the dice alternately was observed that the possible outcomes of the die
belongs to the set B={1,2,3,4,5,6}.Let A ={S,D},be the set of all players Answer the following questions.

(i)Let the relation R: B→B defined as R={(x,y): y is divisible by x} then R is

(a) reflexive and transitive but not symmetric (b) reflexive and symmetric not transitive

(c) Not reflexive but symmetric and transitive (d) Equivalence relation

(ii) How many relations can be defined from A to B

(a) 24 (b) 236 (c) 28 (d)212

(iii) How many functions can be defined from A to B

(a) 36 (b)64 (c) 720 (d)1024

(iv) Let 𝑅1 be a relation on B defined as 𝑅 = {(1,2),(2,2),(1,3),(3,4),(3,1),(4,3),(5,5)} then 𝑅1 is

(a) Symmetric (b)Reflexive (c) transitive (d)None of these

(v) How many surjections can be defined from A to B

(a) 30 (b) 0 (c) 32 (d)64

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Let A = {1, 2, 3} and consider the relation R = {1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3), (1,3)}. Then R is

(a) reflexive but not symmetric (b) reflexive but not transitive

(c) symmetric and transitive (d) neither symmetric, nor transitive

2. The maximum number of equivalence relations on the set A = {1, 2, 3} are

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 5

Let A = {1, 2, 3, ...n} and B = {a, b}. Then the number of surjections from A into B is

(a) nP2 (b) 2n – 2 (c) 2n – 1 (d) None of these

3. Let the relation R on set A={1,2,3) given by R={(1,2),(2,1),(3,3)}

(a) reflexive and transitive but not symmetric (b) reflexive and symmetric not transitive

(c) Not reflexive but symmetric and transitive (d) An Equivalence relation

4. Show that the relation R in the set {1, 2, 3} given by R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3)} is

(a) reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive. (b) reflexive and transitive but not symmetric

(c) reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive. (b) reflexive and transitive but not symmetric

5. Show that the relation R in the set {1, 2, 3} given by R = {(1, 2), (2, 1)} is

(a) symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive. (b) symmetric and transitive but not reflexive

(c) reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive. (b) symmetric and reflexive but not transitive

6. Let R be the relation in the set N given by R = {(a, b) : a = b – 2, b > 6}. Choose the correct answer.

(a) (2, 4) ∈ R (b) (3, 8) ∈ R (c) (6, 8) ∈ R (d) (8, 7) ∈ R

7. Let R be the relation in the set {1, 2, 3, 4} given by R = {(1, 2), (2, 2), (1, 1), (4,4), (1, 3), (3, 3), (3, 2)}, then

(A) R is reflexive and symmetric but not transitive. (B) R is reflexive and transitive but not symmetric.

(C) R is symmetric and transitive but not reflexive. (D) R is an equivalence relation.

8. Let f : R → R be defined as f(x) = x 4 . Choose the correct answer.

(a) f is one-one onto (b) f is many-one onto

(c) f is one-one but not onto (d) f is neither one-one nor onto.

9. Let f : R → R be defined as f(x) = 3x. Choose the correct answer.

(a) f is one-one onto (b) f is many-one onto

(c) f is one-one but not onto (d) f is neither one-one nor onto.

10. Let A = {1, 2, 3}. Then number of relations containing (1, 2) and (1, 3) which are reflexive and symmetric but not transitive
is (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
11. Let A = {1, 2, 3}. Then number of equivalence relations containing (1, 2) is

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4