សាកលវិទ្យាល័យ អាសុ៊ី អឺរ្ប
៉ាុ
មហាវិទ្យាល័យវិទ្យាសាស្រ្ត និងបច្ចេកវិទ្ា
យ
មុខវិជ្ជា ៖ Open Source (Linux Administrator)
សាស្រ្សាាចារ្យ៖ វ៉ាន់ សុខសំរ្ ុង
[Link]
Chapter 01
Introduction
Introduction
● Linux is the kernel of the system.
● The kernel and suite of tools that are packaged with it is called
a distribution.
Three Main OS Components
● Kernel – manages operation of the computer.
● Shell – provides for interaction between the user and the computer.
● Filesystem – provides a way to organize and manage all information
on a computer’s disk(s).
Role of the Kernel
● Linux means the kernel of the system, which is the main program
loaded at startup that manages the operation of the computer.
○ Manages devices, memory and processes
○ Handles switching of applications
● Similar to an air traffic controller at an airport.
Applications
● Applications make requests to the kernel and receive resources, such as
memory, CPU, and disk, in return.
● Applications should follow the kernel’s Application Programming Interface
(API).
Linux is Open Source
● Historically, most software has been issued under a closed-source license.
● This means that you may have the right to use the executable program or machine
code, but cannot see the source code.
● The development of Linux closely parallels the rise of open source software.
● One tenet of open source philosophy is that you have a right to access the source
code and to modify it as you wish.
Linux Distributions
● Recall, a distribution refers to the Linux kernel, tools, and suite of applications that
come bundled together.
● There are distributions suited to every imaginable purpose.
● There are distributions that focus on running servers, desktops, or even industry-
specific tools like electronics design or statistical computing.
Hardware Platforms
● Linux first ran on a computer similar to it’s inventor’s: a 386 with a specific
hard drive controller.
● The types of hardware grew from the humble Intel chip to eventually
support even supercomputers.
● Eventually, cellular phones and tablets adopted Linux.
● Aside from phones and tablets, Linux can be found in many consumer
devices such as wireless routers.
The Shell
● The shell is a program that allows the user to type commands, options, and
arguments.
● Two most common types of interfaces are the Graphical User Interface
(GUI) and Command Line Interface (CLI).
● Advantages to using a CLI, include:
● Command repetition
● Command flexibility
● Resources
● Scripting
● Remote Access
● Development
Bash Shell
● Many shell programs exist.
● Most popular shell is the “Bash” (Bourne Again Shell).
● Users interact with a system by executing commands which are interpreted
by the shell and transformed into actions by the kernel.
sysadmin@localhost:~$ ls
Desktop Documents Downloads Music Pictures Public Templates Videos
● The Bash shell has numerous built-in commands and features including:
aliases, re-executing commands, wildcard matching, input/output
redirection, pipes and background processing.
Bash Shell
● Features include:
○ Built-in shell commands
○ Binary commands stored in files
○ Aliases
○ Functions
○ Scripts
Accessing the Shell
● From a Graphical User Interface (GUI)
o Open a terminal program
● From a Command Line Interface (CLI)
Filesystem
● A hierarchy of directories and files with the root / directory at the top of the
directory tree.
● A structure created on a disk partition that organizes directories, subdirectories and
files.
អរ្គុណ
សម្រាប់ការ្យកចិត្ទ្យ
ា ក ុ ដាក់
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