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Module 1 Part 1

Uploaded by

surubi2434
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FOUNDATIONS OF

INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Murugavel R
FOUNDATIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
• A framework for business users
• Role of Information Systems
• System concepts
• Organisation as a system
• Components of Info. Systems
• IS Activities
• Types of IS

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A SYSTEM IS A GROUP OF INTERRELATED COMPONENTS THAT FUNCTION
TOGETHER TO ACHIEVE A DESIRED RESULT.

AN INFORMATION SYSTEM (IS) IS AN ARRANGEMENT OF PEOPLE, DATA,


PROCESSES, AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY THAT INTERACT TO COLLECT,
PROCESS, STORE, AND PROVIDE AS OUTPUT THE INFORMATION NEEDED TO
SUPPORT AN ORGANIZATION.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IS A CONTEMPORARY TERM THAT DESCRIBES


THE COMBINATION OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY (HARDWARE AND
SOFTWARE) WITH TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY (DATA, IMAGE, AND
VOICE NETWORKS).
ELEMENTS OF A SYSTEM

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TIMELINE

1 9 5 0- 6 0S 1 9 6 0- 7 0S 1 9 7 0- 8 0S 1 9 8 0- 9 0S 1 9 9 0- 2 000S 2 0 0 0- 2 010S 2 0 1 0- 2 020S


Electronic Data Management Decision Support Expert Systems Ecommerce, ERP, Big Data, Cloud Computing,
Processing [EDP] Information Systems Systems SCM Block Chain
Executive Information E-business Systems
Systems App Driven
TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
A decision support system (DSS) is an
information system that either helps to
Decision Support System identify decision making opportunities
(DSS) or provides information to help make
decisions
A management information system (MIS) is an
Management information system that provides for
Information System management-oriented reporting based on
(MIS) transaction processing and operations of the
organization
Transaction
A transaction processing system (TPS) is an information
Processing system that captures and processes data about
System (TPS) business transactions
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TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
An office automation system is an
information system that supports the
wide range of business office activities
Office Automation System that provide for improved work flow
between workers
A communications and collaboration system is
Communications and an information system that enables more
Collaboration System effective communications between workers,
partners, customers, and suppliers to enhance
their ability to collaborate.

An expert system is an information system that captures


Expert System the expertise of workers and then simulates that
expertise to the benefit of non-experts
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DRIVERS FOR TODAY’S INFORMATION SYSTEMS
✓ Globalization of the Economy
✓ Electronic Commerce and Business
✓ Security and Privacy
✓ Collaboration and Partnership (Increased use of Outsourcing)
✓ Knowledge Asset Management
✓ Continuous Improvement and Total Quality Management
✓ Business Process Redesign
✓ Effects of Increasing Digit Density – Connections
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IMPACT ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS
• Require support of multiple languages, currency exchange rates,
business cultures.
• Require consolidation of international data.
• Demand for people who can communicate, orally and in writing,
with management and users that speak different languages.
• Most new information systems are being designed for an Internet (or
intranet) architecture.
• Since the only client-side software is a web browser, the choice of
client operating system is becoming less important.
• Need to provide secure, external access.
• Need to pass data between different information systems.
• Increased Use of BYOD [can be both good and bad].
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Mobile devices allow running
MOBILE DEVICES business in real time—at any
time, from anywhere

INTERNET OF THINGS The Internet of Things is a network of a


broad range of physical objects that can
(IOT) automatically share data over the Internet.
The Industrial Internet of Things enables
the convergence of information technology
and operations technology
We are living in a digital world with the
proliferation of eletronic devices, tablets, iPads,
and smart phones.
“EMERGENCE OF THE Changes in technology have enabled new ways of
DIGITAL WORLD” working and socializing.
Boundaries between work and leisure time are
blurring.
KNOWLEDGE WORKERS AND THE KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY
▪ Knowledge Workers synthesize knowledge as a fundamental part of their jobs.
▪ Today, many “traditional” occupations now use knowledge as an integral part
of their work.
▪ Package delivery using GPS / Drone.
▪ Farmers using precision agriculture to increase crop yields.
▪ An e-business uses information technologies to support nearly every part of
their business.
▪ Workers of the future need to become learning workers as the knowledge of
how to learn will be of primary importance.
▪ Big Data is described as extremely large and complex datasets characterized
as being of high volume, variety, and velocity. Creating value from data.
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API & UPI ECONOMY
• One key driver of continuous innovations has been the rise of application
programming interfaces (APIs).
• Website provider can make parts of its functionality or data available for
others to use.
• A blend of technical, business, and systems skill make IS professionals in
demand in well paying positions.

• Banks, payment operators report Rs 1,750 crore payment frauds in 7 months:


RBI as per MSN.COM site accessed on 2/5/23

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CATEGORIES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Category of System Purpose Sample Application(s)
Transaction Processing System Process day-to-day business event data at the Grocery store checkout cash register with
operational level of the organizational level of the connection to network, student registration system
organization
Management information system Produce detailed information to help manage a Inventory management and planning system,
firm or part of a firm student enrollment management
Decision support system Provide analysis tools and access to databases to Product demand forecasting system, loan and
support quantitative decision making investment analysis
Intelligent system Emulate or enhance human capabilities AI system for analyzing bank loan applications,
self-driving cars, Siri, Alexa
Business intelligence system Analyze Big Data to better understand various Online analytical processing (OLAP) system and
aspects of a business data visualization
Office automation system (personal Support a wide range of predefined day-to-day Word processor, spreadsheet, presentation
productivity software work activities of individuals and small groups software, email client

Collaboration system Enable people to communicate, collaborate, and Email system with automated, shared calendar
coordinate with each other
Knowledge management system Enable the generation, storage, sharing, and Knowledge portal for finding answers to common
14 management of knowledge assets questions
Category of System Purpose Sample Application(s)
Social software Facilitate collaboration and knowledge Social network, connecting colleagues and
sharing friends
Geographic information systems Create, store, analyze, and manage Site selection for new shopping mall
geographical referenced data
Functional area information Support the activities within a specific Planning system for personnel training and
systems functional area of the firm work assignments
Customer relationship Support interaction between the firm and its Sales force automation, lead generation
management system customers
Enterprise resource planning Support and integrate all facets of the Financial, operations, and human resource
system business, including planning, manufacturing, management
sales, marketing, and so on
Supply chain management Support the coordination of suppliers, product Procurement planning
system or service production, and distribution
Electronic commerce system Enable customers to buy goods and services Amazon, eBay, Nordstrom.com
from a firm’s website
Mobile app Perform a well-defined function, typically on Instagram, Snapchat, WhatsApp, Office
15 a mobile device Mobile, Google Pay, Lyft

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