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Linear Programming - Management Science

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13 views4 pages

Linear Programming - Management Science

Uploaded by

Roland james
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© © All Rights Reserved
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LINEAR PROGRAMMING: GRAPHICAL METHOD

Definition of Terms
LINEAR PROGRAMMING is a method of dealing with decision problems that can be expressed
as constrained linear models. The primary objectives of all linear programming models are
certainty of the parameters and linearity of the objective function and all constraints. It is also a
mathematical technique for finding the best uses of an organization’s resources.
GRAPHICAL SOLUTION METHOD is a two-dimensional geometrics analysis of linear
programming problems with two deicion variables.
OBJECTIVE FUNCTION is an expression which shows the relationship between the variable in
the problem and the firm’s goal.
STRUCTURAL CONSTRAINT also called explicit constraints, is a limit on the availability of
resources.
NON-NEGATIVITY CONSTRAINT also called implicit constraints, is a constraint that restricts
all the variables to zero or positive.
FEASIBLE REGION – is the set of combinations of values for the decision variables that satisfy
the non-negativity conditions and all the constraints simultaneously that is the allowable
decisions.
EXTREME POINT – is the corner of the feasible region.
OPTIMAL SOLUTION – Is a combination of decision variable amounts that yields the best
possible value of the objective function and satisfies all the constraints.

MAXIMIZATION PROBLEM
Example 2.1 A tailor has the following materials available: 18 square meter cotton, 20 square
meter silk, 5 square meter wool. A gown requires the following: 3 square meters cotton, 2 square
meters silk and 1 square meters wool. A suit requires the following 2 square meter cotton, 4
square meters silk. If the gown sells for Php 1,200 and a suit for Php 1,600, how many of each
garment should the tailor make to obtain the maximum amount of money?
Solution in order to solve a linear programming using simplex method it is necessary to follow the
following steps.
Step 1 – Represent the unknown in the problem.
Step 2 – Tabulate the data about facts (if necessary)
Step 3 – Formulate the objective function and constraints by restating the information in
mathematical form.
Step 4 – Plot the constraint in the problem on a graph. Use the intercept rule.
Step 5 - Identify the area that satisties the constraints.
Step 6 – Solve the intersection of the lines, which satisfies the feasible solution simultaneously,
using any of the four mathematical techniques; Elimination, substitution, Equivalent Equations
and Cramer’s Rule.
Step 7 . Substitute the coordinates at the extreme points of the feasible region in the objective
function.
Step 8 – Formulate the decision.

MINIMIZATION PROBLEM
A drug company produces a drug from two ingredients. Each ingredient contains the same three
antibiotics in different proportions. Each ingredient 1 produced results in P80 in cost; each
ingredient 2 results in P50 in cost. The production of the antibiotics is dependent on the availability
of limited resources.
The resource requirements for the production are as follows:

The company wants to determine the number of grams of each ingredient 1 and 2 that must go
in to drug in order to meet the antibiotic’s minimum requirements at the minimum cost.

III = MAXIMIZATION PROBLEM INVOLVING MIXED CONSTRAINTS


Try this problems
Solve the following linear programming problem using graphical method.
1. The Alpha Furniture Company manufactures dining room tables and chairs. Each table requires
50 board feet and 3 hours of labor. Each chair takes 20 board feet and 4 hours of labor. The
manufacturer has 3,300 board feet of lumber available and a staff able to provide 380 hours of
labor. Finally, the manufacturer has determined that there is a net profit of P100 for each chair
sold and P200 for every table sold. For simplicity, we assume that needed materials (such as
nails and varnish) are available in sufficient quantities. How many tables and chairs should the
company manufacture in order to maximize its profits, assuming that each item manufactured is
sold?

2. A pharmaceutical firm wishes to allocate P50,000 towards advertising in newspapers and


magazines. The intention of the firm is to maximize the exposure of its advertisements. Each page
of the leading newspapers costs P500 and each page of a magazine costs P1,000. It is
guaranteed that each page of the magazine will reach the audience of 250,000 while 50,000
persons will read each page of the newspaper advertisement. Furthermore, it is specified that at
least one page of the magazine and newspaper will be allocated for the firm's advertisement. Find
the number of pages of magazine and newspaper advertisement that will maximize exposure and
still remain within the P50,000 budget?

3. A dietitian has learned from a nutritional book that his family needs at least 300 grams of protein
and at least 60 milligrams iron per day for sound health. These nutrients can be obtained from
meat and vegetable products. Each kilogram of meat cost an average of ₱90 and contains an
average of 150 grams of protein and 15 milligrams of iron, while each kilogram of vegetables
costs ₱22.50 and has 10 grams of protein and 5 milligrams of iron. He wants to determine the
quantities of food that meet the nutritional requirements at least cost.

4. A chicken farmer uses a mixture of two chicken feeds, Chicken's Best and Chicken Meal. Each
ounce of Chicken's Best contains 12 grams of protein, 2 grams of fat, and 16 grams of
carbohydrate. Each ounce of Chicken Meal contains 6 grams of protein, one gram of fat, and 18
grams of carbohydrrate. Chicken's Best costs Php 7 per ounce while Chicken Meal costs Php 5
per ounce. Each bag of chicken farrmer buys must contain at least 60 grams of protein, 8 grams
of fat, and at most 180 grams of carbohydrate. Determine the number of ounces Chicken's Best
and Chicken Meal feed taht will produce a mixture satisfying the given restrictions at minimum
cost.

Source: QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR BUSINESS – Dr. Winston S. Sirug

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