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Python Data Structures Cheat Sheet

List
Package/Method Description Code Example
Syntax:
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1. list_name.append(element)

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append() The `append()` method is used to add an element to the end of a list. Example:
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1. fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]

2. fruits.append("mango") print(fruits)

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Example 1:
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copy() The `copy()` method is used to create a shallow copy of a list. 1. my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
2. new_list = my_list.copy() print(new_list)
3. # Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

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Example:
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count() The `count()` method is used to count the number of occurrences of a specific element in a list in Python. 1. my_list = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 2, 5, 2]
2. count = my_list.count(2) print(count)
3. # Output: 4

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Example:
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Creating a list A list is a built-in data type that represents an ordered and mutable collection of elements. Lists are enclosed in square brackets [] and elements are separated by commas. 1. fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange", "mango"]

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Example:
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del The `del` statement is used to remove an element from list. `del` statement removes the element at the specified index. 1. my_list = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
2. del my_list[2] # Removes the element at index 2 print(my_list)
3. # Output: [10, 20, 40, 50]

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Syntax:
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1. list_name.extend(iterable)

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Example:

extend() The `extend()` method is used to add multiple elements to a list. It takes an iterable (such as another list, tuple, or string) and appends each element of the iterable to the original list. 1. 1
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1. fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]

2. more_fruits = ["mango", "grape"]
3. fruits.extend(more_fruits)
4. print(fruits)

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Example:
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Indexing Indexing in a list allows you to access individual elements by their position. In Python, indexing starts from 0 for the first element and goes up to `length_of_list - 1`. 1. my_list = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
2. print(my_list[0])
3. # Output: 10 (accessing the first element)
4. print(my_list[-1])
5. # Output: 50 (accessing the last element using negative indexing)

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Syntax:
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1. list_name.insert(index, element)

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Example:
insert() The `insert()` method is used to insert an element.
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1. my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
2. my_list.insert(2, 6)
3. print(my_list)

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Example:
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Modifying a list You can use indexing to modify or assign new values to specific elements in the list. 1. my_list = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
2. my_list[1] = 25 # Modifying the second element
3. print(my_list)
4. # Output: [10, 25, 30, 40, 50]

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Example 1:
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1. my_list = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]

2. removed_element = my_list.pop(2) # Removes and returns the element at index 2
3. print(removed_element)
4. # Output: 30
5.
6. print(my_list)
7. # Output: [10, 20, 40, 50]

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pop() `pop()` method is another way to remove an element from a list in Python. It removes and returns the element at the specified index. If you don't provide an index to the `pop()` method, it will remove and return the last element of the list by default
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1. my_list = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]

2. removed_element = my_list.pop() # Removes and returns the last element
3. print(removed_element)
4. # Output: 50
5.
6. print(my_list)
7. # Output: [10, 20, 30, 40]

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Example:
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remove() To remove an element from a list. The `remove()` method removes the first occurrence of the specified value. 1. my_list = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
2. my_list.remove(30) # Removes the element 30
3. print(my_list)
4. # Output: [10, 20, 40, 50]

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Example 1:
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reverse() The `reverse()` method is used to reverse the order of elements in a list 1. my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
2. my_list.reverse() print(my_list)
3. # Output: [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

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Syntax:
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1. list_name[start:end:step]

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Example:
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Slicing You can use slicing to access a range of elements from a list. 9. 9
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1. my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
2. print(my_list[1:4])
3. # Output: [2, 3, 4] (elements from index 1 to 3)
4.
5. print(my_list[:3])
6. # Output: [1, 2, 3] (elements from the beginning up to index 2)
7.
8. print(my_list[2:])
9. # Output: [3, 4, 5] (elements from index 2 to the end)
10.
11. print(my_list[::2])
12. # Output: [1, 3, 5] (every second element)

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Example 1:
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1. my_list = [5, 2, 8, 1, 9]
2. my_list.sort()
3. print(my_list)
4. # Output: [1, 2, 5, 8, 9]

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sort() The `sort()` method is used to sort the elements of a list in ascending order. If you want to sort the list in descending order, you can pass the `reverse=True` argument to the `sort()` method.
Example 2:
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1. my_list = [5, 2, 8, 1, 9]
2. my_list.sort(reverse=True)
3. print(my_list)
4. # Output: [9, 8, 5, 2, 1]

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Dictionary
Package/Method Description Code Example
Syntax:
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1. Value = dict_name["key_name"]

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Accessing Values You can access the values in a dictionary using their corresponding `keys`. Example:
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1. name = person["name"]
2. age = person["age"]

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Syntax:
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1. dict_name[key] = value

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Add or modify Inserts a new key-value pair into the dictionary. If the key already exists, the value will be updated; otherwise, a new entry is created. Example:
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1. person["Country"] = "USA" # A new entry will be created.

2. person["city"] = "Chicago" # Update the existing value for the same key

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Syntax:
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1. dict_name.clear()

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clear() The `clear()` method empties the dictionary, removing all key-value pairs within it. After this operation, the dictionary is still accessible and can be used further.
Example:
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1. grades.clear()

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Syntax:
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1. new_dict = dict_name.copy()

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copy() Creates a shallow copy of the dictionary. The new dictionary contains the same key-value pairs as the original, but they remain distinct objects in memory. Example:
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1. new_person = person.copy()
2. new_person = dict(person) # another way to create a copy of dictionary

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Example:
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Creating a Dictionary A dictionary is a built-in data type that represents a collection of key-value pairs. Dictionaries are enclosed in curly braces `{}`. 1. dict_name = {} #Creates an empty dictionary
2. person = { "name": "John", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}

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Syntax:
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1. del dict_name[key]

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del Removes the specified key-value pair from the dictionary. Raises a `KeyError` if the key does not exist.
Example:
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1. del person["Country"]

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Syntax:
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1. items_list = list(dict_name.items())

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items() Retrieves all key-value pairs as tuples and converts them into a list of tuples. Each tuple consists of a key and its corresponding value.
Example:
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1. info = list(person.items())

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Example:
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key existence You can check for the existence of a key in a dictionary using the `in` keyword 1. if "name" in person:
2. print("Name exists in the dictionary.")

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Syntax:
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1. keys_list = list(dict_name.keys())

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keys() Retrieves all keys from the dictionary and converts them into a list. Useful for iterating or processing keys using list methods.
Example:
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1. person_keys = list(person.keys())

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Syntax:
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1. dict_name.update({key: value})

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update() The `update()` method merges the provided dictionary into the existing dictionary, adding or updating key-value pairs.
Example:
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1. person.update({"Profession": "Doctor"})

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Syntax:
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1. values_list = list(dict_name.values())

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values() Extracts all values from the dictionary and converts them into a list. This list can be used for further processing or analysis.
Example:
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1. person_values = list(person.values())

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Sets
Package/Method Description Code Example
Syntax:
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1. set_name.add(element)

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add() Elements can be added to a set using the `add()` method. Duplicates are automatically removed, as sets only store unique values.
Example:
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1. fruits.add("mango")

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Syntax:
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1. set_name.clear()

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clear() The `clear()` method removes all elements from the set, resulting in an empty set. It updates the set in-place.
Example:
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1. fruits.clear()

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Syntax:
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1. new_set = set_name.copy()

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copy() The `copy()` method creates a shallow copy of the set. Any modifications to the copy won't affect the original set.
Example:
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1. new_fruits = fruits.copy()

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Example:
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Defining Sets A set is an unordered collection of unique elements. Sets are enclosed in curly braces `{}`. They are useful for storing distinct values and performing set operations. 1. empty_set = set() #Creating an Empty Set
2. fruits = {"apple", "banana", "orange"}

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Syntax:
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1. set_name.discard(element)

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discard() Use the `discard()` method to remove a specific element from the set. Ignores if the element is not found.
Example:
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1. fruits.discard("apple")

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Syntax:
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1. is_subset = set1.issubset(set2)

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issubset() The `issubset()` method checks if the current set is a subset of another set. It returns True if all elements of the current set are present in the other set, otherwise False.
Example:
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1. is_subset = fruits.issubset(colors)

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Syntax:
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1. is_superset = set1.issuperset(set2)

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issuperset() The `issuperset()` method checks if the current set is a superset of another set. It returns True if all elements of the other set are present in the current set, otherwise False.
Example:
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1. is_superset = colors.issuperset(fruits)

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Syntax:
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1. removed_element = set_name.pop()

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pop() The `pop()` method removes and returns an arbitrary element from the set. It raises a `KeyError` if the set is empty. Use this method to remove elements when the order doesn't matter.
Example:
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1. removed_fruit = fruits.pop()

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Syntax:
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1. set_name.remove(element)

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remove() Use the `remove()` method to remove a specific element from the set. Raises a `KeyError` if the element is not found.
Example:
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1. fruits.remove("banana")

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Syntax:
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1. union_set = set1.union(set2)
2. intersection_set = set1.intersection(set2)
3. difference_set = set1.difference(set2)
4. sym_diff_set = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)

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Set Operations Perform various operations on sets: `union`, `intersection`, `difference`, `symmetric difference`.
Example:
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1. combined = fruits.union(colors)
2. common = fruits.intersection(colors)
3. unique_to_fruits = fruits.difference(colors)
4. sym_diff = fruits.symmetric_difference(colors)

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Syntax:
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1. set_name.update(iterable)

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update() The `update()` method adds elements from another iterable into the set. It maintains the uniqueness of elements.
Example:
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1. fruits.update(["kiwi", "grape"]

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