TLE-TE 6 - Q1 - Mod4 - Agriculture - Edited

AGRICULTURE 6
Module 4
Quarter 1 Week 4 (Lesson 8,9,10)
Learning Competencies:
TLE6AG-0c- 3: Conduct a survey to identify:
• sources of fruit-bearing trees
• how to care for seedlings
TLE6AG0c-4: Prepares layout design of an orchard garden using the
information gathered
1
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. It is a school that offers a course related to Agriculture and other plant studies.
A. Department of Agriculture
B. Department of Environment and Natural Resources
C. Agricultural Training Institute
D. Commercial Nursery
2. It is run by private individuals usually selling trees and fruit trees seedlings.
A. Commercial Nursery C. Agricultural Training Institute
B. Bureau of Plant Industry D. Department of Agriculture
3. It develops scientific improvement for each plant species in a locality and adjacent
places.
A. Department of Environment and Natural Resources
B. Bureau of Plant Industry
D. Department of Agriculture
4. This is responsible for any agricultural activities in terms of vegetables and fruits.
5. In Manila, what is the nearest place where you can buy seedlings?
A. Bureau of Plant Industry C. Agricultural Training Institute
B. Commercial Nursery D. Department of Agriculture
6. Seedlings are so delicate and tender, so we need to provide to protect them

from excessive sunlight and heavy rains
A. water B. sunlight C. shade D. fertilizer
7. Young plant needs to keep the soil moist for the plant to grow
8. It is natural or artificial substance containing the chemical elements that

improves growth and productiveness of plants.
A. water B. vitamins C. sunlight D. fertilizer
9. Plants should be weeded . It often harbor pests and disease while getting
nutrients and water from the soil.
A. regularly C. once a month
B. sometimes D. every week
2
10. To protect yourself when taking care of seedling, use to protect you
against health or safety risks. It may include items such as gloves, eye protection,
apron etc.
A. safety shoes C. vitamins
B. personal protective equipment D. first aid
11. The method is commonly used by most fruit and tree growers because
3
plants are easy to cultivate.
A. triangular method C. quincunx method
B. square method D. contour method
12. This method is like a square method with a tree placed in the center of each of the
squares.
13. This method is modified by making the rows farther from east to west and from
north to south to allow maximum sunlight to reach the trees.
B. square method D. rectangular method
14. The method provides more open space for the trees and for intercrops
as compared to square method.
15. The method minimizes soil erosion.

A. triangular method C. contour method
SOURCES OF FRUIT -BEARING TREES
Fruit-bearing trees are available and sold in different stages of growth like seeds
and seedlings and ready to be transplanted in desired area. Among the sources are:
1. Commercial Nursery – This is manages by private individuals usually selling trees and
fruit-bearing tree seedlings.
• Falcata seedlings
• Badion plant nursery
• La Coriana fruit trees nursery
4
2. Agricultural Training Institute – These schools offer courses related to agriculture like
production and distribution of seedlings.
• ATI NCR
• ATI Isabela
• ATI Bulacan
3. Department of Agriculture – This is a government agency responsible for all
agricultural activities and research in terms of vegetables and fruits production.
This also provides quality planting materials
for priority commodities to enhance
productivity and production.
4. Bureau of Plant Industry – This develops scientific improvement for each plant
species in a locality and adjacent places. It also ensures availability of quality seeds,
safety of plant food and development of crop farming technologies and safeguard of
the plant industry.
• BPI Malate, Manila
• BPI Diliman, Q.C.
• BPI Los Baños, Laguna
5
5. Department of Environment and Natural Resources – This ensures the continuous
production of adequate supply of planting
materials to meet the requirements for
high quality seeds and seedlings by the
government and private sectors in the
establishment and development of tree
plantations, tree farms, forest gardens, forestation, agro-forestation projects, and
rehabilitation of watersheds and coastal areas.
Directions: Conduct an online research on the different agricultural supply, materials
and services stated below. Put a check (√) on the appropriate boxes.
FARM INPUTS/ COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURAL

BPI DENR
SERVICES NURSERIES TRAINING INSTITUTE
Seeds
Seedlings
Tools
Growing materials:
-compost
-soil
-fertilizers
Other services:
-trainings and
seminars
-tree planting
6
Fruit-bearing trees are available and sold in different stages of growth like seeds
and seedlings. These are ready to be transplanted in a desired area. Among the sources
are: Commercial Nursery, Agricultural Training Institute (ATI), Department of
Agriculture (DA), Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI) and Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (DENR).
A. Bureau of Plant Industry
B. Commercial Nursery
D. Department of Environment and Natural Resources
2. This is manages by private individuals usually selling trees and fruit trees seedlings.
A. Commercial Nursery
3. This develops scientific improvement for each plant species in a locality and adjacent
places.
4. This is responsible for all agricultural activities in terms of vegetables and fruits.
A. Commercial Nursery
7
A. Bureau of Plant Industry
B. Commercial Nursery
PROPER WAY OF CARING SEEDLINGS
Seedlings are young plants, especially those raised from seeds and not from
asexual way. Its development starts with the germination of the seed. That is the reason
why tree seedlings are usually grown and cared for in a plant nursery
This lesson will focus more on the activities that are necessary for the proper care
of tree seedlings like:watering, weeding, fertilizing, pest/disease control, shading, root
pruning, and hardening.
Proper Care of Tree Seedlings
Watering- Water the tree seedling twice a day, preferably
early in the morning and late in the afternoon. Small
seedlings need little quantity of water at frequent intervals
unlike bigger seedlings. Overwatering lessens the
essential nutrients and increases fungal, bacterial and
damping off disease which can cause the root and stem to
8
rot. Insufficient watering causes wilting and stunted plant
growth.
Weeding – This a process of removing unwanted plants
called weeds that tend to overgrow the tree seedling.
Weeding should be done carefully so that the tree seedling
will not be damaged. It will cause the tree seedling to fully
absorb more moisture and nutrient from the soil. This also
provides enough space for the roots and plants to grow
and exposure to sunlight.
Fertilizing- This is a process of applying fertilizers to
supply the essential nutrients that the growing tree
seedlings need. You can apply a complete soluble
fertilizer with the following components: nitrogen (N),
phosphorous (P), potassium (K) .This done every
fifteen (15) days. For small tree seedlings, use lower
concentration of fertilizer by dissolving ten kilograms
of fertilizer in 200 liters of water. This will avoid nutrient
loss and possible fertilizer burn on the plants.
Shading- This is a process of providing shade to
protect the tree seedlings from damages caused by
direct sunlight. You can use coconut or banana
sheaths, cogon or other locally available materials
such as net, nipa, etc., as temporary shades during
and shortly after seed germination and after
transplanting.
9
Control of Pests and Diseases
Nursery pests and diseases greatly affect the
quantity and quality of tree seedlings. Without preventive
control measures they can cause losses, disrupting
planting schedule and reduce plant survival.
Pests and Diseases of Plants
• Pest: rats, birds, insects, aphids

• Disease: fungal and bacterial diseases
How to control tree seedling pests & diseases?
1. Bring/take into the nursery only plant materials that are free from plant pests and
diseases.
2. Disinfect all nursery equipment and general working area regularly.
3. Place the tree seedling in pots and containers in safe areas like nursery.
4. Sterilize all potting materials.
5. Constantly monitor the occurrence of pests or diseases.
6. Remove the diseased and affected seedlings.
7. Avoid damping-off disease.
The basic do's and don'ts in controlling diseases of seedlings:

Do's Don’ts
• Make or buy sterilized soil.
• Don't overwater plants.
• Use clean and sterilized containers.
• Provide plenty of air circulation. • Don't use fertilizer on

your new seedlings.
• Provide a location like a nursery which have a
good ventilation with soft gentle breeze.
• Don't use tray covers. It
• Thin seedlings to increase air circulation.
increases the humidity
• Provide enough sunlight as possible. level and encourages
disease growth.
• Dry out the surface of the soil between
watering. Watering from the bottom is preferred.
10
Pruning the Roots – This is the cutting of roots
that grow out of the pots or containers in order to root outgrowth
have quality and uniform seedling size. Lift the
pots or containers regularlly and cut the root
outgrowth using pruning shears. This will facilitate
the easy transport of tree seedlings.
Hardening – This is done by gradually exposing the
tree seedling to the elements: wind, sun, and rain that
causes the toughening of the plant to adapt to the
surrounding. This is also done before transplanting. In
the period of hardening you should reduce watering
and shading. You should also avoid the use of fertilizer
during the hardening period. This will prepare the tree
seedling from the prevailing environmental condition
in the planting location.
Health and Safety Precautions:
• Have a good and safe place where you can perform the activities.
• Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) when working like gloves, mask,
goggles apron etc.
• Always pay attention to what you are doing.
• Use only appropriate tools for the right job.
• Use tools that are in good condition.
• Always sharpen the blade of your cutting tools like knife and bolo.
• Make sure that no one is around when you use sharp tools that you might hit
accidentally.
11
• Clean and store the tools in an appropriate place after use.
• Wash/Clean yourself after working.
Direction: Perform proper care of fruit-tree seedlings with the help of a partner or an
adult by:
• Watering the tree seedlings • Pest and disease control (if required)
• Weeding the planting area • Proper Sun exposure
• Fertilizing (if required)
Seedlings are the most delicate plants in the nursery. Proper care must
always be provided to improve their growth. All activities done in caring tree seedlings
should follow scientific processes and must observe health and safety practices.
The fruit-tree seedlings can be maintained by watering the tree seedlings regularly,
weeding, fertilizing, light control, pest and disease control, seedlings grading and
seedlings transport.
12
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it on your notebook.
1. Seedlings are so delicate and tender. We need to provide

to protect them from excessive sunlight and heavy rains.
2. Young plant needs to keep the soil moist for the plant to grow.
3. It is a natural or an artificial substance containing the chemical elements
that improve growth and productivity of plants.
4. The plants should be weeded . Weeds often harbor pests and

disease while getting nutrients and water from the soil
A. regularly B. sometimes C. once a month D. every
week
5. To protect yourself when taking care of seedling, use . This

includes items such as gloves, eye protection, apron etc.
13
Directions: Give the possible solution to the problems of seedlings that may occur in
the nursery. Match column A (Problem) with column B (Solution). Write only the
letter of the correct answer in your notebook.
A B
1. over-staying a. regulate watering the seedlings
2. overcrowding b. eliminate the undesirable plants and grasses
3. over watering c. thinning should be practice by regulating the
proper density
4. presence of weeds d. watering intervals with fungicide solution
5. attack of pests and disease e. plant the seedlings in their permanent
place f. problems in mobilization
PREPARING LAYOUT DESIGN OF AN
ORCHARD GARDEN
Preparing the layout of an orchard is very important. The arrangement of seedlings
of fruit bearing-trees must be carefully done to put the plants at a right distance according
to the layout for proper development and for accommodating the required number of
plants per unit area.
The proper orchard layout has the following

advantages:
1. Allow equal distance for each tree for uniform growth.

14
2. Allow easy orchard management like cultivation, intercropping, irrigation,
spraying of plant protection chemicals and growth regulators, harvesting etc.
3. Proper utilization of orchard space avoiding wastage of land.
4. Help in proper supervision and management of the orchard.
5. Allow further extension of area from time to time as needed.
Spacing of Fruit Trees
The provision of ideal spacing of fruit trees is one of the most important aspects in
a successful fruit production. If the spacing is inadequate, the fruit trees will grow poorly,
produce small quantity of fruits with low quality, and will suffer from various diseases and
insect pests. On the other hand, if the spacing is too wide, there will be wastage of
valuable orchard land without having any direct benefit on the ultimate yield of the
orchard. Ideal spacing is therefore, desired so that the fruit trees may grow and bear
crops properly.
Layout of an Orchard
Garden
An orchard's layout is the technique of planting the crops in a proper system. The
method of planting to be adopted is selected after considering the slope of land, purpose
of utilizing the orchard space, convenience etc. There are six (6) methods of planting that
are recommended for fruit-bearing trees: square method, rectangular method,
triangular method, quincunx method, hexagonal method and contour method.
A. Square
Method
It is the simplest of all the method and is adopted
widely. A plot is divided into squares and trees are
15
planted at the four corners of the square, in
straight rows running at right angles.
Advantages of Square
Method
• Irrigation channels and paths can be made straight

• Easy cultivation, spraying, and harvesting
• Better
supervision
Disadvantages of Square Method
• Limited trees can be planted in a given area.
• A certain amount of space is wasted in the middle of four trees.
B. Rectangular
Method
A plot which is divided into rectangles instead of squares, and trees are planted at
the four corners of the rectangle in straight rows
running at right angles. The same
advantages, which have been mentioned in
the square system, are also enjoyed here.
The only difference is that in this method
more plants can
be accommodated by keeping more spaces between the rows.
Advantages of Rectangular Method
• Irrigation channels can be made in length and with enough air passage.
• Possible for intercropping
Disadvantages of Rectangular Method
• Limited trees can be planted in a given area.
16
• A certain amount of space is wasted in the middle of four trees.
C. Triangular Method
In this method, trees are planted just like the
square method, but the plants in the 2nd, 4th, 6th
and other alternate rows are planted midway
between the 1st,
3rd, 5th and such other alternate rows. This
method has no special advantage over the
square method except providing more open
space for the trees and for intercrops.
Advantages of Triangular Method
• Additional income can be earned from the filler crop.
• Almost double the number of trees can be planted initially
• Full use of land is possible.
Disadvantages of Triangular Method
• Skills required to lay out the orchard

• Trees in between may interfere the growth of the main crop
• Spacing of the main crop is reduced if filler crop continues to grow
D. Quincunx Method
This method of planting fruit trees is like the square
method, except that a fifth tree is planted at the center
of each square. As a result, the tree number in a unit
area becomes almost double the number in the
square method. The additional tree in the center is
known as “filler”.
Advantages of Quincunx Method
17
• Additional income can be earned from the filler crop.
• Almost double the number of trees can be planted initially
• Full use of land is possible.
Disadvantages of Quincunx Method
• Skills required to lay out the orchard

• Trees in between may interfere the growth of the main crop
• Spacing of the main crop is reduced if filler crop continues to grow
E. Hexagonal Method
It is a tree that are planted at the corners of an equilateral triangle and thus,
six trees from a hexagon with the seventh tree at the center. This method is
generally followed where the land is costly
and very fertile with enough provision of irrigation
water.
Advantages of Hexagonal Method
• Ideal for fertile soil and with source of water

• More trees can be planted
• Same distance can be maintained
• More income can be obtained
Disadvantages of Hexagonal Method
• Difficult intercultural operations

• Skill is required to layout the orchard
F. Contour Method
It is generally followed on the hills with high slopes. It
particularly suits to a land with undulated topography,
where there is greater danger of erosion and irrigation
of the orchard is difficult. The main purpose of this
method is to minimize land erosion and to conserve soil
moisture to make the slope fit for growing fruits.

18
Advantages of Contour Method
• Can be utilized in hilly areas and in levelled land.

• Helps controlling soil erosion
• Helps conservation of water
• Easy path for movements on the hills slopes for various tasks in the orchard.
Disadvantages of Contour Method
• Difficult laying out of contour lines and time consuming

• Requires special skills and instruments to make contour lines layout the method
• Not equal row-to-row distance and adjustments may be required in the plant-to-
plant distance.
Direction: Identify the following layout method of planting fruit-bearing trees.
Choose the letter of the correct answer in the box below.
1. This method is commonly used by most fruit and tree growers.
2. It is like the square method with a tree placed in the center of each of the squares.
3. This method is modified by making the rows farther from east to west and
from north to south to allow maximum sunlight to reach the trees.
4. It provides more open space for the trees and for intercrops as compared to
square method.
5. In this method soil erosion is minimized.
A. Rectangular Method C. Square Method E. Hexagonal Method
B. Contour Method D. Triangular Method F. Quincunx Method
19
1. This method is modified by making the rows farther from east to west and from north
to south to allow maximum sunlight to reach the trees. .
2. Plants should be weeded . It often harbor pests and disease while getting
nutrients and water from the soil.
A. regularly C. once a month
B. sometimes D. every week
3. The_ method provide more open space for the trees and for intercrops
as compared to square method.
4. This is responsible for any agricultural activities in terms of vegetables and fruits..
A. Department of Agriculture
B. Department of Environment and Natural Resources
D. Commercial Nursery
6. Seedlings are so delicate and tender, so we need to provide to protect them

from excessive sunlight and heavy rains
7. It is natural or artificial substance containing the chemical elements that

improve growth and productiveness of plants.
8. The method is commonly used by most fruit and tree growers because
plants are easy to cultivate.

20
9. It develops scientific improvement for each plant species in a locality and adjacent
places.
10. It is run by private individuals usually selling trees and fruit trees seedlings.
A. Bureau of Plant Industry C. Agricultural Training Institute
B. Commercial Nursery D. Department of Agriculture
12. Young plant needs to keep the soil moist for the plant to grow
13. To protect yourself when taking care of seedling, use to protect you
against health or safety risks. It may include items such as gloves, eye protection,
apron etc.
14. The method minimize soil erosion.

A. triangular method C. contour method
15. This method is like the square method with a tree placed in the center of each of the
squares.
21
ANSWER KEY
Lesson 8 Lesson 9
Looking Back to Your Lesson Looking Back to Your Lesson
1. Direct and In-direct Planting ** In any order
2. Sexual and Asexual -Department of Agriculture
Propagation -Bureau of Plant Industry
3. Marcotting, Grafting and - Commercial Nursery
Budding, Inarching, Cutting - Agricultural Institutions
- DENR
Activity 1
Number of correct answers will Activity 1
depend on the answers given Make sure that you performed
by the pupils. the all the activities correctly.
Let’s Check Let’s Check
1. C 1. C
2. A 2. A
3. B 3. D
4. D 4. A
5. A 5. B
Pre-Test Lesson 10 Looking Post-Test

1. C Back to Your Lesson 1. C
2. A 2. A
1. E 3. A
3. B
2. C
4. D 4. D
3. A 5. C
5. A
4. B
6. C 6. C
5. D
7. A 7. D
8. D Activity 1 8. B
9. A Submit your work to 9. B
10. B your teacher through 10. A
11. B FB messenger. 11. A
12. C 12. A
Let’s Check 13. B
13. D
14. A 1. C 14. C
2. F 15. C
15. C
3. A
4. D
5. B
22

TLE-TE 6 - Q1 - Mod4 - Agriculture - Edited

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TLE-TE 6 - Q1 - Mod4 - Agriculture - Edited

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AGRICULTURE 6

6. Seedlings are so delicate and tender, so we need to provide to protect them

8. It is natural or artificial substance containing the chemical elements that

15. The method minimizes soil erosion.

SOURCES OF FRUIT -BEARING TREES

fruit-bearing tree seedlings.

production and distribution of seedlings.

3. Department of Agriculture – This is a government agency responsible for all

agricultural activities and research in terms of vegetables and fruits production.

This also provides quality planting materials

for priority commodities to enhance

productivity and production.

the plant industry.

• BPI Malate, Manila

• BPI Diliman, Q.C.

• BPI Los Baños, Laguna

production of adequate supply of planting

materials to meet the requirements for

high quality seeds and seedlings by the

government and private sectors in the

establishment and development of tree

plantations, tree farms, forest gardens, forestation, agro-forestation projects, and

rehabilitation of watersheds and coastal areas.

Directions: Conduct an online research on the different agricultural supply, materials

FARM INPUTS/ COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURAL

are: Commercial Nursery, Agricultural Training Institute (ATI), Department of

Natural Resources (DENR).

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

PROPER WAY OF CARING SEEDLINGS

of tree seedlings like:watering, weeding, fertilizing, pest/disease control, shading, root

pruning, and hardening.

Proper Care of Tree Seedlings

Watering- Water the tree seedling twice a day, preferably

early in the morning and late in the afternoon. Small

seedlings need little quantity of water at frequent intervals

unlike bigger seedlings. Overwatering lessens the

essential nutrients and increases fungal, bacterial and

Weeding – This a process of removing unwanted plants

called weeds that tend to overgrow the tree seedling.

Weeding should be done carefully so that the tree seedling

will not be damaged. It will cause the tree seedling to fully

provides enough space for the roots and plants to grow

and exposure to sunlight.

Fertilizing- This is a process of applying fertilizers to

supply the essential nutrients that the growing tree

seedlings need. You can apply a complete soluble

fertilizer with the following components: nitrogen (N),

phosphorous (P), potassium (K) .This done every

fifteen (15) days. For small tree seedlings, use lower

concentration of fertilizer by dissolving ten kilograms

of fertilizer in 200 liters of water. This will avoid nutrient

loss and possible fertilizer burn on the plants.

Shading- This is a process of providing shade to

protect the tree seedlings from damages caused by

direct sunlight. You can use coconut or banana

sheaths, cogon or other locally available materials

such as net, nipa, etc., as temporary shades during

and shortly after seed germination and after

Nursery pests and diseases greatly affect the

quantity and quality of tree seedlings. Without preventive

control measures they can cause losses, disrupting

planting schedule and reduce plant survival.

Pests and Diseases of Plants

• Pest: rats, birds, insects, aphids

How to control tree seedling pests & diseases?

2. Disinfect all nursery equipment and general working area regularly.

4. Sterilize all potting materials.

5. Constantly monitor the occurrence of pests or diseases.

6. Remove the diseased and affected seedlings.

7. Avoid damping-off disease.

The basic do's and don'ts in controlling diseases of seedlings:

• Provide plenty of air circulation. • Don't use fertilizer on

have quality and uniform seedling size. Lift the

pots or containers regularlly and cut the root

outgrowth using pruning shears. This will facilitate

the easy transport of tree seedlings.