MINI PROJECT REPORT

Submitted

in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

Computer Science and Engineering

By:

Shiv Kumar Sharma (2100040100074)

Yash Gupta (2100040100084)

Year- IInd

Under the guidance of :

Dr. Ashok Kumar (Assistant Professor )

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

R.B.S. ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CAMPUS BICHPURI, AGRA

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 DECLARATION

I declare that the work presented in this Mini Project Titled WEATHER
FORECASTING USING PYTHON, submitted to the Computer Science &
Engineering Department, Raja Balwant Singh Engineering Technical,
Campus, Bichpuri, Agra, for the award of the Bachelor of Technology degree
in Computer Science & Engineering, is my original work. I have not
plagiarized or submitted the same work for the award of any other degree.

December,2022
Place: Agra
Shiv Kumar Sharma (2100040100074)

Yash Gupta (2100040100084)

II
 CERTIFICATE

This is to Certify that the Project entitled Weather forecasting using python has been
submitted by Yash Gupta, Shiv Kumar Sharma in partial fulfilment of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science & Engineering Department of Raja
Balwant Singh Engineering Technical, Campus, Bichpuri, Agra in the academic 2022-23
(III Semester).

Dr. Brajesh Kumar Singh Dr. Ashok kumar

(Professor & Head) (Assistant Professor)

Computer Science & Engineering Computer Science & Engineering
Raja Balwant Singh Engineering Raja Balwant Singh Engineering
Technical Campus, Bichpuri, Agra Technical Campus, Bichpuri, Agra

Date:
Place: Agra

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I extend my gratitude to my B.Tech. supervisor, Dr. Ashok Kumar, Assistant

Professor in Department of Computer Science and Engineering, for being a great mentor
and the best adviser I could ever have. His advice, encouragement and critics are source of
innovative ideas, inspiration and causes behind the successful completion of this mini
project. We are highly obliged to our Head of Department, Dr. Brajesh Kumar Singh, for
his support and guidance during execution of this mini project work. Undoubtly, it was
impossible to successfully carryout this work without their directions, advices and
suggestions.

I am grateful to Dr. B.S. Kushwah (Academic), and Dr. Pankaj Gupta (Finance &
Admin.), Director, Raja Balwant Singh Engineering Technical Campus, Bichpuri, Agra
for providing us facilities and constant encouragement. I am also grateful to all the faculty
members of Department of Computer Science and Engineering for their deliberations and
honest concerns.

Finally, I am grateful to my parents and friends for insisting me to work hard in my

project work. This work was a distant reality their blessings.

I also place on record, my indebtness for those who directly or indirectly have provided
their helping hand in this endeavor.

Date: Shiv Kumar Sharma (2100040100074)

Yash Gupta (2100040100084)

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

 DECLARATION……………………………………………………………………………………………II
 CERTIFICATE……………………………………………………………………………………………...III
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………………………………………..IV
1. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………………...6
1.1. OBJECTIVES…………………………………………………………………………………………...6
1.2. SCOPE…………………………………………………………………………………………………...6
1.3. APPLICATIONS:……………………………………………………………………………………….9
2. MINIMUM HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS……………………………………..11
2.1. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS……………………………………………………………………..11
2.2. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS………………………………………………………………………11
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS…………………………………………………………………………….12
3.1. PROJECT CATEGORY………………………………………………………………………………..12
3.2. TECHNIQUES TO BE USED………………………………………………………………………….13
3.3. PARALLEL TECHNIQUES AVAILABLE…………………………………………………………..17
4. WORKFLOW AND METHODOLOGY…………………………………………………………………...18
5. TESTING TECHNOLOGIES AND SECURITY MECHANISMS………………………………………27
6. LIMITATIONS AND DELIMITATIONS………………………………………………………………….29
6.1. LIMITATIONS:…………………………………………………………………………………………29
6.2. DELIMITATIONS:……………………………………………………………………………………...30
7. CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………………………………..31
8. REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………………………………..32

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 CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1. General Overview

A general overview of weather forecasting using Python can be done by collecting
data from a weather API and presenting the data in an organized and readable format.
There are some steps which are present in this report file that we can follow to create a
weather condition overview project using Python.

1.2. EXISTING SYSTEM

The existing system for weather forecasting using Python can vary widely depending
on the specific implementation and requirements. However, generally, weather
condition systems in Python rely on APIs provided by weather services to get the
weather data for a specific location. Here are some common steps involved in existing
weather condition systems using Python. There are many weather APIs available that
you can use to get weather data. Some popular ones are Open Weather Map, Weather
bit, AccuWeather, and Dark Sky. Choose one that suits your needs. Once you have
chosen a weather API, you need to register and obtain an API key to make requests to
the API.Use the requests library in Python to send HTTP requests to the weather API
using your API key. You can request various types of data like current weather
conditions, hourly forecast, daily forecast, etc. Once you receive the API response,
you need to parse it to extract the relevant weather data. Most weather APIs return
JSON or XML responses, so you can use libraries like json or xml. E tree . Element
Tree to parse the responses.
Overall, the existing system for weather condition using Python is focused on
retrieving and displaying weather data from a weather API in a user-friendly and
informative way. The specific implementation and features can vary depending on the
needs of the project.

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1.3. PROPOSED SYSTEM

A proposed system for weather forecasting using Python can build on the existing
system by adding new features and functionalities to enhance the user experience and
provide more insights into weather conditions. Overall, a proposed system for weather
condition using Python can add new features and functionalities to provide more
insights into weather conditions and enhance the user experience. The specific
implementation and features can vary depending on the needs of the project.

1.4. OBJECTIVES
The objectives of a weather forecasting system can vary depending on the specific
implementation and requirements. However, here are some common objectives that a
weather forecasting system using Python can aim to achieve:

1. Provide accurate and up-to-date weather information.

2. Enhance user experience.

3. Provide insights into weather patterns.

4. Offer weather alerts and notifications.

5. Support location-based recommendations.

6. Support integration with other systems and devices.

1.5. SCOPE

The scope of weather forecasting using Python is vast and can cover a wide range of
applications and functionalities. Here are some possible areas of scope for a weather
forecasting system using Python:

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1. Real-time weather data: The system can provide real-time weather data that is
updated regularly to keep users informed about the current weather conditions.

2. Hourly and daily forecasts: The system can provide hourly and daily forecasts
that predict weather conditions for specific locations. This information can help
users plan their activities accordingly.

3. Historical weather data: The system can provide historical weather data that
allows users to analyze weather patterns and trends over time. This information
can be useful for research purposes or for planning future activities.

4. Weather alerts and notifications: The system can provide weather alerts and
notifications to users to help them prepare for severe weather conditions like
storms, hurricanes, or extreme temperature changes.

5. Location-based recommendations: The system can provide location-based

recommendations to users based on weather conditions. This can include
recommendations for indoor or outdoor activities, appropriate clothing, and
more.

6. Integration with other systems and devices: The system can integrate with other
systems and devices to enhance the user experience. For example, it can
integrate with smart thermostats, lighting systems, and home appliances to
adjust settings based on weather conditions.

7. Data visualization: The system can use data visualization techniques to display
weather data in a more user-friendly and interactive way. This can help users
better understand weather patterns and trends.

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 8. Machine learning: The system can use machine learning algorithms to predict
weather patterns and make more accurate weather forecasts. This can help
improve the accuracy of the system's predictions over time.

Overall, the scope of weather condition using Python is broad and can include a wide
range of applications and functionalities. The specific scope of the system will depend
on the requirements of the project and the needs of the users.

1.6. APPLICATIONS:
There are many applications of weather forecasting systems that use Python,
some of which are:

1. Agriculture: Farmers can use weather condition systems to monitor weather

conditions and predict future weather patterns to determine the best times to
plant, harvest and apply fertilizers.

2. Aviation: Pilots and air traffic controllers can use weather condition systems
to monitor weather patterns and make decisions on flight routes and
schedules.

3. Transportation: Transportation companies can use weather forecasting

systems to monitor weather conditions and make decisions on the best routes
and schedules for their vehicles.

4. Energy production: Energy companies can use weather condition systems

to monitor weather patterns to determine the best times to generate energy
from solar or wind sources.

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5. Disaster management: Weather forecasting systems can be used by
emergency services to predict severe weather events and respond
accordingly to minimize the impact of disasters.

6. Tourism: Tourist companies can use weather forecasting systems to provide

tourists with accurate and timely weather information to plan their activities
accordingly.

7. Sports: Sports organizers can use weather forecasting systems to monitor

weather conditions to ensure the safety of players and spectators during
outdoor events.

8. Construction: Construction companies can use weather forecasting systems

to plan construction activities based on weather conditions and ensure
worker safety.

Overall, weather forecasting systems that use Python have a wide range of
applications and can benefit many industries by providing accurate and timely
weather information to help make informed decisions.

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 CHAPTER – 2

MINIMUM HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

2.1. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

Processor: Intel(R) Core (TM) i3 Speed: 1.70 GHz

RAM: 4.00 GB (minimum)
Hard disk: 32 GB (minimum)
Key Board: Standard Windows Keyboard

2.2. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Operating system: Windows

Front End: PYTHON

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 CHAPTER – 3

MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1. PROJECT CATEGORY

The project category of a weather forecasting system can vary depending on the
specific implementation and requirements. However, here are some possible
categories that a weather condition system using Python can fall under:

1. Web application: The weather forecasting system can be a web application that
users can access through a web browser. This application can provide real-time
weather data, forecasts, and other weather-related information.

2. Mobile application: The weather forecasting system can be a mobile

application that users can download and install on their smartphones or tablets.
This application can provide real-time weather data, forecasts, and other
weather-related information.

3. Desktop application: The weather forecasting system can be a desktop

application that users can install on their computers. This application can
provide real-time weather data, forecasts, and other weather-related
information.

4. API: The weather forecasting system can be an API that developers can use to
access weather data and forecasts for their applications. This API can provide a
standard interface for accessing weather data from multiple sources.

Overall, the project category of a weather forecasting system using Python can depend
on the specific requirements and needs of the project. It can be a web application,

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mobile application, desktop application, API, IoT integration, machine learning.

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3.2. TECHNIQUES TO BE USED

PYTHON
Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming language with
dynamic semantics. Its high-level built in data structures, combined with dynamic
typing and dynamic binding, make it very attractive for Rapid Application
Development, as well as for use as a scripting or glue language to connect existing
components together. Python's simple, easy to learn syntax emphasizes readability and
therefore reduces the cost of program maintenance. Python supports modules and
packages, which encourages program modularity and code reuse. The Python
interpreter and the extensive standard library are available in source or binary form
without charge for all major platforms, and can be freely distributed.

Often, programmers fall in love with Python because of the increased productivity it
provides. Since there is no compilation step, the edit-test-debug cycle is incredibly
fast. Debugging Python programs is easy: a bug or bad input will never cause a
segmentation fault. Instead, when the interpreter discovers an error, it raises an
exception. When the program doesn't catch the exception, the interpreter prints a stack
trace. A source level debugger allows inspection of local and global variables,
evaluation of arbitrary expressions, setting breakpoints, stepping through the code a
line at a time, and so on. The debugger is written in Python itself, testifying to
Python's introspective power. On the other hand, often the quickest way to debug a
program is to add a few print statements to the source: the fast edit-test-debug cycle
makes this simple approach very effective.

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REQUESTS
The requests library can be used in a weather condition system using Python. The
requests library is a popular Python library used for making HTTP requests to web
servers.

In a weather condition system, the requests library can be used to send HTTP requests
to weather API services such as Open Weather Map, Dark Sky, and AccuWeather to
obtain weather data. Once the weather data is obtained, it can be processed and
analyzed to provide the user with weather information such as temperature, humidity,
wind speed, and precipitation.

Here is an example of using the requests library to make a GET request to the Open
Weather Map API to obtain weather data for a specific location.

Here are some common use cases for Requests:

 Web scraping: The requests library can be used for web scraping to obtain data
from web pages. It can be used to make HTTP requests to web pages and
retrieve the HTML content, which can then be parsed using a parser library such
as Beautiful Soup to extract relevant information.

 API requests: The requests library can be used to make API requests to retrieve
data from third-party APIs. This is commonly used in building applications that
rely on external services such as weather condition systems, social media
applications, and e-commerce applications.

 File downloads: The requests library can be used to download files from web
servers. It can be used to make HTTP requests to URLs that point to files such
as images, videos, and documents, and then download the file content to the

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 local system.

 Authentication: The requests library can be used to authenticate with web

servers that require authentication. It can be used to make HTTP requests with
the required authentication credentials, such as API keys, access tokens, and
usernames and passwords.

 Form submissions: The requests library can be used to submit HTML forms on
web pages. It can be used to make HTTP POST requests with form data, which
can then be processed by the web server.

 Testing APIs: The requests library can be used to test APIs by making HTTP
requests to them and verifying the responses. This is commonly used in testing

applications that rely on APIs to ensure that they are working as expected.

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LANGUAGE USED

Python is a computer programming language often used to build websites and

software, automate tasks, and conduct data analysis. Python is a general-purpose
language, meaning it can be used to create a variety of different programs and isn't
specialized for any specific problems.

It is one of the most popular programming languages in the world, has created
everything from Netflix’s recommendation algorithm to the software that controls
self-driving cars. Python is a general-purpose language, which means it’s designed to
be used in a range of applications, including data science, software and web
development, automation and so on.

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3.3. PARALLEL TECHNIQUES AVAILABLE

There are several parallel techniques available for weather condition using Python:

 Multi-threading: Multi - threading is a technique that allows multiple threads

to run concurrently within a single process. In a weather condition system,
multi-threading can be used to make HTTP requests to weather APIs
concurrently, which can improve the system's performance.

 Multiprocessing: Multiprocessing is a technique that allows multiple processes

to run concurrently on a computer. In a weather condition system,
multiprocessing can be used to make HTTP requests to weather APIs
concurrently, which can improve the system's performance.

 Asynchronous programming: Asynchronous programming is a technique that

allows tasks to run concurrently without blocking each other. In a weather
condition system, asynchronous programming can be used to make HTTP
requests to weather APIs concurrently without blocking the main thread, which
can improve the system's performance.

 Distributed computing: Distributed computing is a technique that allows tasks

to be executed across multiple computers or nodes. In a weather condition
system, distributed computing can be used to distribute the load of making
HTTP requests to weather APIs across multiple nodes, which can improve the
system's performance.

Overall, the choice of parallel technique depends on the specific requirements of the
weather forecasting system, such as the size of the data being processed, the
complexity of the computations, and the resources available.

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 CHAPTER – 4
WORKFLOW AND METHODOLOGY

4.1. WORKFLOW DIAGRAM

General outline of the workflow for a weather forecasting system using Python:

 Retrieve user input: The user inputs the location for which they want to obtain
weather conditions.

 Make API request: The Python program makes an HTTP request to a weather
API, using the location provided by the user as a parameter.

 Retrieve API response: The API response, which contains weather data for the
specified location, is retrieved by the Python program.

 Parse API response: The Python program parses the API response to extract
the relevant weather information, such as temperature, humidity, wind speed,
and precipitation.

 Display weather information: The Python program displays the weather

information to the user, either in a console output or a graphical user interface
(GUI).

 Optional: Data storage and analysis: The Python program can store the
retrieved weather data in a database or file for future analysis, such as trend
analysis and forecasting.

This is a basic outline of the workflow for a weather condition system using Python.
The specifics of the workflow can vary depending on the specific requirements and

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features of the system.

Figure 1: Partial use case diagram for the weather forecasting

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USE CASE DIAGRAM FOR
WEATHER FORECASTING

Figure 2: Use case diagram of Weather forecasting

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4.2. DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
Data flow diagrams are used to graphically represent the flow of data in
a business information system. DFD describes the processes that are
involved in a system to transfer data from the input to the file storage
and report generation.
A data flow diagram is a graphical representation of the flow of data
through a system or process. It shows how data moves from input
sources through processing steps to output destinations. In a weather
condition system using Python, a DFD could be used to illustrate how
weather data flows through the system, from its sources (such as
weather APIs) to its destinations (such as users or other applications)..

Figure 3: Data flow diagram of weather condition

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4.3. PROJECT SCREENSHOTS

Figure 4

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Figure 5

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Figure 6

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Figure 7

26
Figure 8

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 CHAPTER - 5
TESTING TECHNOLOGIES AND SECURITY MECHANISMS

Testing Technologies:
1. Unit Testing: Unit testing is a method of testing individual units or components
of a software system to ensure that they function as expected. In a weather
condition system, unit testing can be used to test individual functions or
modules that retrieve weather data or perform calculations.

2. Integration Testing: Integration testing is a method of testing the interaction

between different components of a software system. In a weather condition
system, integration testing can be used to test the interaction between modules
that retrieve weather data, parse data, and display data.

3. Performance Testing: Performance testing is a method of testing the

performance and scalability of a software system under various loads and
conditions. In a weather condition system, performance testing can be used to
test the system's response time and throughput under different weather
conditions and user loads.

Security Mechanisms:

1. Authentication: Authentication mechanisms can be implemented to ensure that

only authorized users can access the weather condition system.

2. Encryption: Encryption can be used to protect sensitive weather data being

transmitted between the user's device and the weather condition system.

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 3. Access Control: Access control mechanisms can be implemented to restrict
access to certain parts of the weather condition system based on user roles or
permissions.

4. Input Validation: Input validation mechanisms can be implemented to ensure

that user input is properly formatted and does not contain any malicious code or
scripts.

5. Auditing and Logging: Auditing and logging mechanisms can be implemented

to track user activity and system events for security analysis and incident
response.

Overall, a combination of testing technologies and security mechanisms can help

ensure that the weather forecasting system is reliable, secure, and meets the needs of
its users.

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 CHAPTER – 6

LIMITATIONS AND DELIMITATIONS

Here are some limitations and delimitations of a weather forecasting application

developed using Python:

6.1. LIMITATIONS:

Some of the limitations of a weather forecasting system using Python include:

 Dependence on weather APIs: Weather forecasting systems rely on

weather APIs to obtain weather data for specific locations. If the API is
down or unavailable, the weather condition system may not be able to
provide accurate weather information.

 Limited accuracy: Weather forecasting systems rely on weather data

provided by weather APIs, which may not be 100% accurate.
Additionally, weather conditions can change rapidly, making it difficult
to provide up-to-date and accurate information at all times.

 Limited geographical coverage: Weather APIs may not provide weather

data for all geographical locations, especially in remote areas or areas
with limited infrastructure.

 Data privacy concerns: Weather forecasting systems may collect user

data, such as location information, which can raise data privacy concerns
if not properly handled and secured.

 Performance limitations: Depending on the size of the data being

processed and the complexity of the computations, weather condition
systems may face performance limitations, especially on low-end
hardware or in high-traffic situations.

Overall, while weather forecasting systems using Python can be useful tools for
obtaining weather information, they are subject to certain limitations that should
be considered when designing and implementing such systems.

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6.2. DELIMITATIONS:

 Data quality and accuracy: Weather condition systems rely on weather data
provided by external sources, and this data may not always be accurate or
up-to-date, which can lead to incorrect weather predictions and unreliable
results.

 Geographical coverage: Weather APIs may not provide weather data for all
geographical locations, especially in remote or underdeveloped areas,
limiting the usefulness of the system in these areas.

 Dependency on third-party APIs: Weather condition systems rely on external

weather APIs to obtain weather data, and these APIs can be subject to
downtime, maintenance or changes in API structure which can affect the
system's functionality.

 Limited data analysis: Weather condition systems typically provide current

weather conditions, forecasts and historical data, but may not provide
detailed analysis or trends of weather patterns.

 Legal issues: Some weather data providers may have restrictions on the use
of their data, and failure to comply with these restrictions can lead to legal
issues.

 Performance limitations: Depending on the size of the data being processed

and the complexity of the computations, weather condition systems may face
performance limitations, especially on low-end hardware or in high-traffic
situations.

Overall, while a weather forecasting system using Python can be a useful tool for
obtaining weather information, it is subject to certain limitations that must be
considered when designing and implementing such a system.

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 CHAPTER – 7

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, a weather forecasting system using Python can be a useful tool for
obtaining weather information, providing users with real-time weather conditions and
forecasts. The system can be designed to incorporate various features such as weather
maps, alerts, and historical weather data.

However, the system also has limitations such as data accuracy, geographical
coverage, dependency on third-party APIs, and performance limitations that should be
taken into consideration when designing and implementing such a system.

Overall, a weather forecasting system using Python can be a valuable resource for
people who rely on accurate weather information, such as farmers, pilots, outdoor
enthusiasts, and travelers, but its limitations should be carefully considered to ensure
that users receive reliable and useful weather data.

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 CHAPTER – 8

REFERENCES

 Google for problem solving

 https://en.wikipedia.org
 https://www.tutorialspoint.com
 https://idlewildco.com
 https://wiki.python.org
 https://www.geeksforgeeks.com

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