International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS)

Vol. 13, No. 2, June 2022, pp. 1047~1055

ISSN: 2088-8694, DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i2.pp1047-1055  1047

Computer simulation model of multi-input multi-output

converter using single-phase matrix converter

Mohd Shukri bin Mohd Ghazali1, Rahimi Bin Baharom1, Khairul Safuan Bin Muhammad1, Dylan
Dah-Chuan Lu2
1
School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
2
School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article history: This paper presents a multi-input, multi-output power converter system using
a single-phase matrix converter (SPMC) circuit topology. In particular, this
Received Jun 13, 2021 technology is of vital importance in floating production such as offshore oil
Revised Feb 11, 2022 and gas platforms where space is crucial, therefore requiring a reduction in
Accepted Feb 25, 2022 equipment size and weight. The proposed circuit topology only employed a
single circuit to perform energy conversion of direct current (DC) to
alternating current (AC), DC to DC, AC to DC, and AC to AC operations,
Keywords: thus can reduce the power losses resulting in high power density. As a result,
it can promise technological advancement and convergence, hence, support
IGBT the manufacturing sector transition to industry 4.0, and in line with the United
MATLAB/Simulink Nation’s sustainable development goals. The proposed converter model will
SPMC be validated in terms of electrical circuit operations through the computer
SPWM simulation (MATLAB/Simulink) software.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.

Corresponding Author:
Rahimi Baharom
Power Electronics Research Group (PERG), School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering,
Universiti Teknologi MARA
Jalan Ilmu 1/1, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
Email: rahimi6579@gmail.com

1. INTRODUCTION
The rapidly evolving global manufacturing landscape calls because of the excellent quality and
reliability of the power supply. Industrial applications require that voltage supplied to electrical loads maintain
good regulation capability while being cheaper and efficient [1]. It is estimated that 90% of electrical energy
is processed through power converters before their final use [2]. This trend reflects the increased use of power
electronic converters systems for supplying loads with clean and dependable power [3]–[5]. The increased
power density of converters is the current trend in power electronics, particularly for applications in information
technology, where fast advancements in integrated circuit technology have resulted in more compact devices
with higher power consumption [6]. Multiple-input converters have high regard for multiple renewable energy
sources used in smart grid systems, especially for distributed generators as explained in [7] and define as a type
of device that has been proposed to give simple circuit topologies, low manufacturing cost, high reliability,
centralized control, and small size [8], [9]. Researches in [10]–[13] has introduced the systematic techniques
for creating and synthesizing multi-input converters (MICs) that are configured with dc voltage sources at their
input ports to accommodate energy sources such as solar panels photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbines. The
output of the existing MICs has been controlled to produce either AC or DC and has been classified as direct
current (DC) to alternating current (AC) MICs and DC–DC MICs.

Journal homepage: http://ijpeds.iaescore.com

1048  ISSN: 2088-8694

The invented DC–DC MICs as developed in [14]–[17] consists of three multi-input. These converters'
architectures are based on DC boost converters, and have several advantages such as reducing circuit
complexities and fewer power switches used. Another structure of multi-input DC–DC converters that has been
presented in [18] uses the combination of DC-link voltages with the magnetic coupling of the half-bridge boost
circuit. Hybrid DC–DC converters have been introduced in [19], [20], with the decoupling method control
strategies to separately compensate the cross-coupled control loops. A systematic approach is proposed in [21]
for the derivation of non-isolated three-port converter topologies. For high step-up applications, a three-input
DC–DC converter incorporating battery powers and PV is proposed in [22].
Despite the successful development of MICs, several limitations remain. The typical multiple-input
multiple-output (MIMO) converter utilizing four separate circuits topology and four separate microcontrollers
to perform AC to DC, DC to AC, DC to AC, and AC to AC converters that will increase size, power loss, and
complexity of the circuit, thus, do not in line with the current trend of converter development. To address these
limitations, a novel MIMO converter with a single control circuit has been proposed. A novel MIMO converter
circuit topology is introduced in this work to integrated the switching algorithms of the MIMO power converter
system based on the single-phase matrix converter (SPMC) topology. The proposed topology features power
density and reliability improvement, thus reducing the complexities of the circuit. This new circuit then will
be validated in terms of electrical circuit operations through the computer (MATLAB/Simulink) simulation
model.
The SPMC has been classified as a fully controllable converter topology. The circuit topology as
shown in Figure 1 employed four bidirectional switches as illustrated in Figure 2 that have the capability to
conduct current to flows in both directions. With suitable toggling of the matrix switches, the output voltage
waveform can be formed, as long as the switches do not open the circuit of the current sources or short circuit
the voltage sources.

Figure 1. SPMC circuit topology Figure 2. Bidirectional matrix converter switch

2. THE PROPOSED METHOD

The typical MIMO converter utilizing at least four separate circuits topology such as DC to DC, AC
to DC, DC to AC, and AC to AC power converters. Apart from using the separate circuits, the typical DC
chopper (DC to DC converter) also could not perform regulation of DC machines in four quadrants operations
and would require the additional circuit to fulfill such control requirement. The use of separate circuit
topologies for MIMO converter can contribute to very excessive power losses that may be linked to inefficiency
problems. As a result, this could lead to a lower power density, thus, it is not in line with the power electronic
converters technological roadmap that focuses on reducing the power losses, size, and volume. In this paper,
the SPMC circuit is the heart or the creation of the proposed MIMO power converter system and focuses on
the workability of the MIMO power converter system while switching losses and efficiency of the proposed
topology will be discussed in future work. The proposed MIMO converter as shown in Figure 3 is valid for
both AC and DC supplies and can be converted to either AC or DC with a single SPMC control circuit. A
single circuit can perform all the power converter functions of the AC controller, DC chopper, inverter, and
rectifier using a suitable controller and integrating the switching algorithm as tabulated in Table 1. In addition,
the use of the proposed MIMO converter circuit can solve the limitation of a typical DC chopper circuit to
regulate the DC machines in four quadrants operations without any additional circuits. The proposed MIMO
power converter system features low power losses resulting in high power density. Thus, it promises
technological advancement and convergence; hence, it is possible to support the manufacturing sector
transition to industry 4.0 and the United Nation’s sustainable development goals.

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Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst ISSN: 2088-8694  1049

Figure 3. The proposed MIMO converter

Table 1. SPMC switching combination for different converter operation

Converter PWM Switch SPWM Switch Commutation switch
Rectifier S1a S4a, S3b
S3b S2b, S1a
Inverter S4a S1a, S2b
S3a S1b, S2a
AC Regulator 12.5 Hz S3a, S3b, S1a, S1b
S4a, S4b S2a, S2b
AC Regulator 25 Hz S3a, S3b, S1a, S1b
S4a, S4b S2a, S2b
AC Regulator 50 Hz S4a, S4b S1a, S1b
S2a, S2b
AC Regulator 100 Hz S3a, S3b, S1a, S1b
S4a, S4b S2a, S2b
AC Regulator 150 Hz S3a, S3b, S1a, S1b
S4a, S4b S2a, S2b
DC Chopper Q1 S4a S1a, S2b
DC Chopper Q2 S3a S1b, S4b
DC Chopper Q3 S3a S1b, S2a
DC Chopper Q4 S4a S2b, S3b

3. RESEARCH METHOD
In this paper, the MATLAB/Simulink software is used to design and develop the computer simulation
model for the proposed MIMO power converter based on the parameters as tabulated in Table 2. The proposed
computer simulation model consists of four main parts such as the controller and the SPMC topology circuits. This
simulation model was used to construct all MIMO power converters discussed in this paper.

Table 2. Simulation parameters

Parameter Value
Load (ohms) 50
Input voltage (V peak) 100
Input frequency (Hz) 50
Output frequency (Hz) 15, 25, 100, 150
Switching frequency (KHz) 5
Inductor (mH) 5

3.1. Controller model

The controller model is developed for the pulse width modulation (PWM) and the sinusoidal pulse
width modulation (SPWM) signals. A high-frequency triangular carrier wave is compared to the desired
reference waveform to create the PWM signal as shown in Figure 4. In this work, the 0.5 modulation signal is
used to synthesize the output. A carrier signal is contrasted with a reference sinusoidal waveform to create the
SPWM signal. For contrast, a triangular carrier wave with a pre-determined switching frequency was used. In
this work, a reference sinusoidal signal of 0.9 sin (100 πt) is used to compare with the 5 kHz triangular carrier
signal as shown in Figure 5.

Figure 4. Simulation model of PWM signal Figure 5. Simulation model of SPWM signal
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3.2. Single-phase matrix converter topology circuit model

The SPMC circuit is developed by using four bidirectional switches; S1, S2, S3, and S4 as shown in
Figure 6. These bidirectional switches are capable of conducting current in both directions. Each bidirectional
switch used an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with diode pairs which are connected in the common-
emitter configuration as shown in Figure 7.

Figure 6. Simulation model for SPMC topology Figure 7. Bidirectional matrix converter switch

Figure 8 shows the simulation model for the SPMC circuit with the controller circuit. Figure 9 shows
the details of the controller circuit construction for the rectifier operation. Based on Figure 9, the positive cycle
is indicated by number 1 at the phase detector block set. The generated PWM signal is connected to the switch
S1a, while the pair of switches S4a and S3b are maintained turned ON for the safe commutation switches. The
negative cycle signal is indicated by number 2 at the phase detector block set. It is then multiplied with the
generated PWM signal to control the switch of S3b. At this time, the pair of switches S2b and S1a are kept
turned ON for the safe commutation switches.

Figure 8. Simulation model of SPMC Figure 9. Controller circuit of rectifier with the
controller circuit

The simulation model for the controller circuit of the inverter is as shown in Figure 10. The SPWM
signal is used to control the switch S4a for the positive cycle operation. To apply the safe commutation
technique, two switches, S1a and S2b, are turned ON to dissipate inductive energy when switch S4a is turned
OFF. For negative cycle operation, the switch S3a is controlled by the SPWM signal, while the pair of switches
S1b and S2a are turned ON for the safe commutation approach.
Figures 11 and 12 show the block diagram of the controller circuits describing the SPMC as an AC
regulator. Based on Figure 7 during state 1, switches S1a and S2b are kept turned ON, while the SPWM signal
controls the switch S4a. To change the frequency of the proposed AC regulator's output, the period of pulse
generator 1 and pulse generator 3 are set to 0.08 s to produce a 12.5 Hz signal frequency. For pulse generator
2, the period is set to 0.02 s to produce the 50 Hz signal frequency. The AC regulator of 25 HZ, 100 Hz, and
150 HZ was simulated using the same circuit but different in period used for pulse generator 1 and pulse
generator 3 as shown in Table 3. Figure 13 shows the control circuit for the DC chopper for quadrant 1 (Q1),

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Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst ISSN: 2088-8694  1051

the pair of switches S1a and S2b are maintained turned ON while the switch S4a is controlled by the PWM
signal. Table 1 shows the switching algorithms for the computer simulation model of quadrant 1 (Q1) to
quadrant 4 (Q4) operations.

Figure 10. Controller circuit of inverter

Figure 11. Control circuit AC regulator 12.5 HZ

Figure 12. State circuit AC regulator 12.5 HZ Figure 13. Control circuit for DC chopper for Q1

Table 3. The period for pulse generator 1 and 3

Output frequency (Hz) Period pulse generator 1 and 3 (s)
12.5 0.08
25 0.04
100 0.01
150 0.0067
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4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Figures 14 and 15 demonstrate the conversion of the voltage waveforms obtained from the input AC
voltage to the output DC form. There are no output voltage spikes, thus verify that the rectifier operation was
successfully performed using the proposed circuit topology with the safe commutation strategy. The input and
output voltage waveforms for the inverter operation are shown in Figures 16 and 17 respectively. Figure 16
shows the input voltage in DC form, which was successfully converted to the AC form in a square shape using
the proposed converter as shown in Figure 17.
The results of the AC to AC conversion operation are shown in Figures 18 to 22 in terms of conversion
from the input frequency of 50 Hz to the output frequencies of 12.5 Hz, 25 Hz, 50 Hz, 100 Hz, and 150 Hz. The
inductive load spikes were successfully removed using the proposed safe commutation technique, confirming
the workability and efficiency of the proposed safe commutation technique. The results for the operation of the
four-quadrant DC chopper are presented in Figures 23 to 30. The load voltage and current waveforms in
Figures 23 and 24 are in the positive polarized. Therefore, the proposed converter has been successfully
performing the DC Chopper operation to fulfill the Q1 operation as mentioned in Table 1.
The operation of DC Chopper for Q2 has been successfully implemented as shown in Figures 25 and
26, where the output voltage is in the positive polarity, while the output current is in the negative polarity. The
output voltage and current waveforms as shown in Figures 27 and 28 are both in the negative polarities,
indicating that the proposed converter successfully conducted the DC Chopper operation for Q3. Figure 29
shows the output voltage waveform in negative polarity, while Figure 30 shows the output current waveform
is in the positive polarity. These characteristics verify that the proposed converter has successfully performed
the operation of DC Chopper for the Q4.

Figure 14. Supply voltage for Figure 15. Load voltage for Figure 16. Supply voltage for
rectifier rectifier inverter

Figure 17. Load voltage for Figure 18. Supply vs load Figure 19. Supply vs load voltage
inverter voltage for 12.5 Hz for 25 Hz

Figure 20. Supply vs load voltage Figure 21. Supply vs load Figure 22. Supply vs load voltage
for 50 Hz voltage for 100 Hz for 150 Hz

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Figure 23. Load voltage for Q1 DC chopper Figure 24. Load current for Q1 DC chopper

Figure 25. Output voltage for Q2 DC chopper Figure 26. Output current for Q2 DC chopper

Figure 27. Output voltage for Q3 DC chopper Figure 28. Output current for Q3 DC chopper

Figure 29. Output voltage for Q4 DC chopper Figure 30. Output current for Q4 DC chopper

Based on the results from the computer simulation model, it has been verified that the proposed MIMO
converter can be used to operate all four power converter which is as a direct AC-AC converter [23], DC
chopper [24], rectifier [25], and inverter [26] operations. The output waveforms have been synthesized using
the PWM or SPWM signals. Therefore, the proposed MIMO power converter can allow users to have selection
input and loads either in AC or DC forms. The use of a single circuit topology to execute MIMO converters
instead of at least four separate circuits to perform the AC regulator, DC chopper, rectifier, and inverter will
result in lower electronic component usage and lower power losses, thus, resulting in higher power density.
This is in line with the current trend in the power electronics converter roadmap to increase the converter power
density, especially for information technology (IT) applications, where rapid advancements in integrated circuit
technology have resulted in more compact systems with higher power consumption. As a result, these recent
improvements can be seen as a solid base for potential improvements of power electronic converters system
and in-line with the strategic thrusts 1 and 2 of shared prosperity vision 2030 to increased contribution of high
technology subsector to the manufacturing sector [27].

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5. CONCLUSION
This paper outlined and illustrated that the proposed MIMO power converter can operate as a rectifier,
inverter, DC chopper, and AC regulator. The proposed safe commutation strategy was successful in eliminating
the current spikes, indicating its practicality and effectiveness. Compared to the typical MIMO power
converter, the proposed MIMO power converter systems feature reduced size, weight, cost, and efficiency
improvements. This could lead to the increased of the power converter density that is in line with the current
power converter trend and very helpful to the application of space constraints such as electric vehicles, oil, and
gas offshore platforms. For future recommendations, the validation for this circuit should be done through the
experimental test rig. As a suggestion to increase power density for MIMO power converter, future
development should be developed with a single circuit and a single microcontroller to reduce the electronic
component usage, size, cost, volume, and power loss of the converter.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Financial support from Research Management Centre (RMC), Universiti Teknologi MARA Shah
Alam, Malaysia, research grant RMI File No: 600-RMC/YTR/5/3 (003/2020) is gratefully acknowledged.

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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS

Mohd Shukri bin Mohd Ghazali is a lecturer in Electrical Engineering

Department at Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia. He received
his degree in Electrical Engineering (Mechathronics) from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia in
2010. He has been a student M.Eng. in power electronics, from Universiti Teknologi MARA
in 2020 until now. His research interests include the field of power electronics, single-phase
matrix converter, and microcontroller applications. He can be contacted at email:
shukri.projek@gmail.com.

Rahimi Bin Baharom is a lecturer in School of Electrical Engineering, College

of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia since 2009; and He has been a senior
lecturer since 2014. He received the B.Eng. degree in electrical engineering and the M.Eng.
degree in power electronics, both from Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia, in 2003 and
2008, respectively; and Ph.D. degree in power electronics also from Universiti Teknologi
MARA, Malaysia in 2018. He is a senior member of IEEE and also a corporate member of
the Board of Engineers Malaysia and the member of Malaysia Board of Technologists. His
research interests include the field of power electronics, motor drives, industrial applications,
and industrial electronics. He can be contacted at email: rahimi6579@gmail.com.

Khairul Safuan Bin Muhammad was born in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in

1977. He received the B.Eng. (Hons.) degree in electrical engineering and the M.Sc. degree
in power electronics from the Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia, in 2003
and 2007, respectively. He is also currently with the Faculty of Electrical Engineering,
Universiti Teknologi MARA. His current research interests include power electronics circuits
for efficient power conversion, renewable energy, and fault-tolerant converters. He can be
contacted at email: Khairul-safuan@uitm.edu.my

Dylan Dah-Chuan Lu received the B.Eng. (Hons.) the Ph.D. degrees in

electronic and information engineering from, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung
Hom, Hong Kong, in 1999 and 2004, respectively. In 2003, he joined Power Lab, Ltd., as a
Senior Design Engineer. His major responsibilities included project development and
management, custom circuit design, and contribution of research in power electronics. In
2006, he joined the School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney,
Australia, as a Lecturer and became an Associate Professor in 2016. He was a visiting
Associate Professor at the University of Hong Kong in 2013. Since July 2016, he has been
with the School of Electrical, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of
Technology, Sydney, Australia, where he is currently an Associate Professor. His current
research interests include power electronics circuits and control for efficient and reliable
power conversion and applications such as renewable energy systems, microgrids, motor
drive, and power quality improvement. He can be contacted at email: Dylan.Lu@uts.edu.au.

Computer simulation model of multi-input multi-output converter using … (Mohd Shukri bin Mohd Ghazali)