TRANSLATING AND

ILLUSTRATING VARIATIONS
for Mathematics Grade 9
Quarter 2 / Week 1

1
 FOREWORD

Quantities are related to each other in some ways. Some

quantities are constants and others are variables. Two quantities are
related if a change in the value of one corresponds to a
predictable change in the value of the other.
This Self Learning Kit (SLK) will serve as a guide in translating into
variation statement a relationship between two quantities given by:
(a) a table of values ;(b) a mathematical equation ;(c) a graph,
and vice versa. In particular, this SLK will be your aid as you learn
new ideas and enrich your existing knowledge about
mathematical concepts on variations.

2
 LESSON 1. ILLUSTRATIONS OF VARIATIONS

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
K: Identifies situations involving the following variations: direct
variation, inverse variation, joint variation and combined
variation.
S: Illustrates situations that involve the following variations:
Direct variation, inverse variation, joint variation, and
Combined variation
A: Shows accuracy in illustrating situations involving variations.

I. WHAT HAPPENED

PRETEST
DIRECTION: Determine whether each statement/equation/table of values
or graph illustrates direct variation, inverse variation, joint variation or
combined variation. Write your answers on a separate sheet/notebook.
1. The number of kg W of water in a human body varies directly as the total
weight B.
2. The time t required to drive a fixed distance varies inversely as the speed
r.
3. The horsepower h required to propel a ship varies directly as the cube
of its speed s.
4. The time t required to travel is directly proportional to the temperature T
and inversely proportional to the pressure P.
5.
a 2 3 4 6 8 18 96

b 48 32 24 16 12 1
5

6.

3
 18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

𝑘𝑤1 𝑤2
7. F =
𝑑2
8. V= khs2

II. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

DISCUSSION A
VARIATION
- It is the relationship between two or more quantities where one
quantity varies in relation to the other.
- It has the following types:
• Direct Variation
• Inverse Variation
• Joint Variation
• Combined Variation
- It can be represented through the following:
• Statement Form
• Equation Form
• Tabular Form
• Graphical Form Bryant et al. 2014

Type of Description Statements That Example

Variation Imply the Type of
Variation

4
Direct As one variable a) "varies directly 1. The cost (c) of chicken
Variation multiplied by a as" b) " is varies directly as its
constant and directly weight (w).
increases, another proportional to" 2. The weight (W) of an
variable (the object is directly
c) " is proportional
quotient) also proportional to its mass
to"
increases. (m).
3. The area (A) of a
triangle is proportional
to its height (h).
Inverse A relationship a) "varies inversely 1. The number of pechay
Variation between variables as" plants(n) in a row varies
as one variable inversely as the space
b) " is inversely
decreases the (s) between them.
proportional
other variable 2. The acceleration (a) of
increases, and to " a car is inversely
vice- versa. proportional to its mass
(m).
3. In electricity, when the
voltage (V) is constant,
the current (c)varies
inversely as the
resistance (r).
DISCUSSION B
TYPES OF VARIATION
Joint A relationship "varies jointly" 1. The area (A) of a
Variation between three parallelogram varies
variables where jointly as its base (b)
one variable and its altitude (h).
varies directly as 2. The volume (V) of a
the product of pyramid varies jointly as
two or more its base area (b) and its
variables. altitude (h).
Combined A more complex "___ varies directly 1. T varies directly as a
Variation relationship as ___ and and inversely as b.
between three inversely as ___" 2. The pressure P of a gas
variables, where varies directly as its
one variable temperature t and
varies directly as inversely as its volume
one variable and V.
inversely as 3. The time t required to
another. travel is directly
proportional to the
5
 temperature T and
inversely proportional
to the pressure P.

DISCUSSION C
WAYS OF ILLUSTRATING VARIATION

Type of Ways of Expressing Variation

Variation Equation Tabular Graphical
1. Direct y = k 𝒙𝒏 x 0 1 2 3
4 Direct Variation
Variation 3
Examples:
y 0 1 2 3 2
1.) y = x 1
0
0 1 2 3 4

18
16
14
2.) y = 𝑥2
X 0 2 3 4 12
10
8
y 0 4 9 16 6
4
2
0
0 2 4 6

2. Inverse 𝒌 15
𝒚=
Variation 𝒙𝒏
Examples: 10

𝟏𝟐 l 1 2 3 4 6 5
1) w = 𝒍
w 12 6 4 3 2
0
1 2 3 4 5
𝟑𝟔
2) w = w 2 3 4 5
𝒘
l 18 12 9 7.
2
6
 A 36 36 36 36 20

15

10

0
0 2 4 6

3. Joint Y = k 𝒙 𝒏𝒛 𝒎
b 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 10
Variation
Example:
a 3 3 5 5 7 7 11 13
1)A= bh
A 3 6 10 15 21 28 44 65

2) h = k𝑠3

4. Combined 𝑘𝑥 𝑛
y= 𝑧𝑛
Variation
Examples:
𝑘𝑥
1. z = 𝑦

𝑘𝑚
2. t = 𝑛2

7
III. WHAT HAVE I LEARNED
Direction: The following are formulas and equations which are
frequently used in mathematics and in science. State whether the
relationship is considered direct, inverse, joint or combined variation.
(Write your answers on another sheet of paper or on your notebook).

1. C = 2𝜋
2. A = lw
3. D = rt
4. I = prt
5. V = lwh
6. A = 𝜋r2
7. V = 𝜋r2
8. E = mc2
9. F = ma
2𝜋𝑟
10. V =
𝑡
11. K = ½ 𝑚𝑣2
𝐹
12. P =
𝐴
13. W = Fd
14. V = IR
15. Q = mc𝛿t
(EASE Module 2005)

POST TEST:
DIRECTION: Determine whether each statement/equation/table of values
or graph illustrates direct variation, inverse variation, joint variation or
combined variation. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper/notebook.
1. The amount C that a family spends on car expenses varies directly
as its income I.
2. The volume V of a gas varies inversely as the pressure P on it.
3. The volume V of a prism on a square base varies jointly as the height
h and the square of a side s of the base of the prism.
4. The time t required to travel is directly proportional to the
temperature T and inversely proportional to the pressure P.

8
 5.
X 1 2 3 4 5 t
Y 80 160 240 320 400 80t
6.
l 2 4 5 6 6 8 8 10
w 3 3 3 5 7 7 11 13
A 6 12 15 30 42 56 88 130
7.
90
80
70 81
60
50
40 49
30
20 25
10
0 1 9
1 2 3 4 5

8.
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1 2 3 4 5 6

𝑘
9. A=
𝑏3
Bryant et. Al 2014
10. P = k√𝐺

REFERENCES
Bryant, M. et al. 2014. Mathematics Grade 9 Learner’s Module First
Edition. Pasig City: DepEd-IMCS

Variations. 2005. EASE Module 2, Year 2. DepEd

Math Review on direct, inverse, joint and combined variation. 2014,

April 20. School Tutoring Academy. https://schooltutorin.com

9
SYNOPSIS

This Self Learning Kit (SLK) is focused on illustrations of

different types of variations. This is designed to help learners
develop their skills and knowledge on variations and for use in
real-life situations.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR ANSWER KEY

.

10. Direct
9. Inverse
8. Direct
7. Inverse
6. Joint
5. Direct
4. Combined
3. Joint
Mercy Q. Jayoma is a teacher III 2. Inverse
1. Direct
of Siaton National High School. POST TEST:
She finished Bachelor of 10. Combined
9. Joint
Secondary Education (BSE) major 8. Joint 8. Joint

in Mathematics at Foundation
7. Direct 7. Combined
6. Direct 6. Direct
University in 1994. She dedicated 5. Joint 15. Joint 5. Inverse
4. Joint 14. Joint 4. Combined
the past 23 years of her life 3. Joint 13. Joint 3. Direct

teaching Junior High School

2. Joint 12. Combined 2. Inverse
1. Direct 11. Joint 1. Direct
Mathematics. WHAT HAVE I LEARNED: PRE-TEST:

10
LESSON 2: TRANSLATING A RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN TWO QUANTITIES INTO VARIATION
STATEMENT

OBJECTIVES:
K: Recalls the different kinds of variations.
S: Translates into variation statement a relationship between
two quantities given by; (a) a table of values;
(b) a mathematical equation;(c) a graph, and vice versa.
A: Shows perseverance in performing tasks in mathematics.

I. WHAT HAPPENED

SIMPLE RECALL

DEFINITIONS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF VARIATION

1. Direct Variation - a mathematical relationship between two variables
that can be expressed by an equation in which one variable is equal
to a constant multiplied by the other variable.
2. Inverse Variation – a mathematical relationship between two
variables which can be expressed by an equation in which the
product of two variables is equal to a constant.
3. Joint Variation – a mathematical relationship which describes a
situation where one variable depends on two (or more) other
variables, and varies directly as each of them when the others are
held constant.
4. Combined Variation – a mathematical relationship which describes
a situation where a variable depends on two (or more) other
variables, and varies directly with some of them and varies inversely
with others (when the rest of the variables are held constant

(Hotmath 2020)

11
PRETEST

ACTIVITY 1. Let’s find out how much you already know about this topic. On
a sheet of paper write only the letter of the correct answer.

1. If p varies directly as r and inversely as t, then we may write the equation as

𝑘𝑟 𝑟
a.) p = rt b.) p = krt c.) p = d.) c =
𝑡 𝑡

2. The speed r of a moving object is inversely proportional to the time t

travelled is written as
𝑘
a.) r = kt c.) t = kr d.) 𝑘 = t
𝑟
b.) r =
𝑡
3. The cost c of mango varies directly as its weight w. This relationship is written as
𝑘 𝑘
a.) c = kw b.) k = cw d.) w = d.) c=
𝑐 𝑤
4. Which of the following describes an inverse variation?
a.) c.)

x 2 3 4 5 x 40 20 30 10
y 5 2 y 8 6 4 2

b.) d.)
x 4 8 10 12
x 1 2 3 4
y 2 4 5 6
y 5 10 15 20

5. What mathematical statement describes the graph below?

𝑙 𝑙 𝑤
a.) lw = 36 b.) 𝑤 = 36 c.) 36 = 𝑤 d.) 36 = 𝑙

12
II. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

TRANSLATING A RELATIONSHIP OF TWO QUANTITIES INTO A

VARIATION STATEMENT GIVEN TABLE OF VALUES,
MATHEMATICAL EQUATION, AND GRAPH

DIRECT VARIATION
• There is a direct variation whenever a situation produces pairs of
numbers in which their ratio is constant.
• The statements: “y varies directly as x”
“ y is proportional to x”
“ y is directly proportional to x”
maybe translated mathematically as y = kx, where k is the constant
of variation.
• For two quantities, x and y, an increase in x causes an increase in y as
well. Similarly, a decrease in x causes a decrease in y.
(Bryant et al. 2014)
Examples:
1.) The distance d varies directly as the time t.
mathematical statement: d = kt, where k is the constant of variation.
2.) The distance d varies directly as the rate r .
mathematical equation: d = kr.
3.) Time (hr) 1 2 3 4 5

Distance
10 20 30 40 50
(km)

Using this table of values, the variation statement that is involved

between the two quantities is d = 10t. In this case, the constant of
variation is k =10.
4.) Using a convenient scale, the graph of the relation d = 10t is a line which
describes a direct variation of the form y = kx.

13
INVERSE VARIATION
• Inverse variation occurs whenever a situation produces pairs of
numbers whose product is constant
𝒌
• The statement ”y varies inversely to x” translates to y = 𝒙 ,where k is
the constant of variation.
• For two quantities x and y, an increase in x causes a decrease in y or
vice versa; hence y varies inversely as x.
(Bryant et al. 2014)

Examples:
1. The distance from the center d of the seesaw varies inversely as the
𝑘
weight of the child w can be described as d = .
𝑤

2. Anna lives 40 km away from the office of ABC Corporation where she
works. Driving a car, the time it takes her to reach work depends on her
average speed. Some possible speed and the length of time it takes her
are as follows:

Time (hr) 1

Distance
40 50 60 70 80
(km)
In this situation, ”the speed s is inversely proportional to the time
𝑘
t”, and is written as s = 𝑡 , where k is the constant of variation.
40
Hence, the equation represented in the table is s = ; where k =
𝑡
40. 3.)
Using the situation in no. 2, the graph of the equation is

14
 Let’s pause for a little exercise:
Activity 2-A. Read the phrases below. If the phrase is a direct variation,
write D; if it is an inverse variation, write I. If the it is neither Direct nor
Inverse, write N.
1. The number of hours to finish a job to the number of men working
2. The distance traveled by a car to the speed and time it has traveled
3. The number of persons sharing a pie to the number of slices of the pie
4. The area of the wall to the amount of paint used to cover
5. The time spent in walking to the rate at which a person walks
6. The time a teacher spends checking papers to the number of students
7. The area of a rectangle to its length and width
8. The travel time to the distance and speed
9. The amount of money raised in a concert to the number of tickets sold
10. The distance an airplane flies to the time traveling

Congratulations for determining whether the phrases show direct

variation or inverse variation. Now, if they are neither Direct nor Inverse,
then what can kind of variation are they? Let us explore more!

JOINT VARIATION

JOINT VARIATION
• When a variable is dependent on the product or quotient of
two or more variables, this is called joint variation.

• The statement, ”a varies jointly as b and c” means a = kbc or k

𝒂
= 𝒃𝒄 ,where k is the constant of variation.

Examples:
1. The area A of a parallelogram varies jointly as the base b and the
altitude h can be expressed as A = kbc.

2. The variation statement that is 3. The following graph is a

involved in the table below is representation of joint variation.
V = 50wh. In this case the
constant of variation is k = 50.
width 7 10 2
height 12 5 18
Volume 420 250 180

15

(What is joint variation n.d.)

COMBINED VARIATION

COMBINED VARIATION
• This is the kind of variation that involves both the direct and inverse
variations.
𝒌𝒙
• The statement, ”z varies directly as x and inversely as y” means z =
𝒚
𝒛𝒚
or k = ,where k is the constant of variation.
𝒙

Examples:

1. The electrical resistance R of a wire varies directly as its length l and

𝒌𝒍
inversely as the square of the diameter d can be expressed as R = 𝒅𝟐 .
2. If r varies directly with s and inversely as the square of u, and r = 2 when
𝒌𝒔
s = 18 and u =2; then r = 𝒖𝟐 . The table below represents the combined
variation.
r 6 4 1
s 27 18 36
u 3 2 6√2

Let’s pause for a little exercise:

Activity 2-B. (Refer to Activity 2-A): if items 2, 7 and 8 are neither Direct nor
Inverse Variations, then what type of variations are they?

III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Activity 3. Write an equation for the following statements.
1. The fare F of a passenger varies directly as the distance d of his
destination
2. The cost C of fish varies directly as its weight w in kilograms
3. The distance D travelled by a car varies directly as its speed s
4. The number of pizza slices p varies inversely as the number of persons n
sharing a whole pizza
5. The number of pechay plants n in a row varies inversely as the space s
between them
6. The number of persons n needed to do a job varies inversely as the
number of days d to finish the job

16
 Activity 4. Analyze the following situation:
Situation: Renzo and his friends decide to visit a newly discovered highland
resorts in La Libertad. There are two distinct factors that shall determine the
distance traveled by Renzo and his friends. These are the speed which
Renzo drives the car and the time he spends in driving the car.

Table A shows the distance traveled at various speeds and Table B

shows the distance traveled at various times.
Table A Table B
Distance Speed Distance Time
(km) (kph) (km) (hr)
100 50 50 1
120 60 100 2
140 70 150 3
160 80 200 4

Analysis:
1. The distance d traveled by Renzo and his friends both varies directly with
the speed v by which Renzo drives the car and the time t he drives the car.
This type of variation is (a)_________________. Mathematically we can
translate this as (b) ________________.
2. The cost c varies directly with the amount of gasoline g and inversely with
the number of person p whom the gas expense is to be divided. This kind
of variation is (a) ______________. Mathematically, we can write this as
(b)__________.

POST TEST:

Activity 5. Write an equation of each of the following statements, tables

and graphs.
1. The kinetic energy E of a moving object varies jointly as the mass m of
the object and the square of the velocity v.
2. The pressure P of gas varies directly as its temperature t and inversely as
its volume V.
3. The time t required to travel is directly proportional to the distance d
and inversely proportional to the speed v.
4. The heat H produced by an electrical lamp varies jointly as the
resistance R and the square of the current C.

17
 5. 6.

x 16 20 24 28 32 x 1 2 3 4
y 12 15 18 21 24 y 2 1
2 1
3 2

7. 8.

(Bryant et al. 20

REFERENCES

Bryant, M. et al. 2014. Mathematics Grade 9 Learner’s Module First

Edition. Pasig City: DedEd-IMCS

Hotmath. n. d. Varsity Tutors. https://www.varsitytutors.com.

Inverse and Joint Variation. N. d. College Algebra.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com

Mendoza, M. & Oronce, O. 2007. e-Math Intermediate Algebra.

Quezon City, Philippines: Rex Book Store.

18
 SYNOPSIS ANSWER KEY
This Self Learning Kit (SLK) focused 𝑥

on problem solving in Mathematics

8. y =
4
7. y = 5x
especially on translating into variation 𝑥
6. y =
statement a relationship between two
2
4
5. y = 𝑥
quantities given by
3
4. H = kRC
a) a table of values;
𝑣
3. t =
𝑘𝑑

b) mathematical equation;
𝑣
2. P =
𝑘𝑡

c) a graph and vice versa.

1. E = kmv2
ACTIVITY 5
POST TEST
𝑝

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

b.) c =
𝑘𝑔
B. a.) Combined Variation
b.) d = kvt
A. a.) Joint Variation
ACTIVITY 4
𝑑
6. n = 3. D = ks
𝑘
𝑠
5. n = 2. C = kw
𝑘
𝑛
1. F = kd 4. p =
𝑘
ACTIVITY 3
WHAT HAVE I LEARNED
8. Combined Variation
7. Joint Variation
2. Joint Variation
ACTIVITY 2.B
NORFREDA C. VALENTIN is a Teacher III 5. I 10. D
4. D 9. D
of Amlan National High School. She finished 3. I
2. N
8. N
7. N

Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in

1. I 6. D
ACTIVITY 2.A
DISCUSSION
Mathematics at Villaflores College in1997. 5. a
4. a
3. a
2. b
1. c
ACTIVITY 1
PRE-TEST

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

NILITA L. RAGAY, EdD

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Acting CID Chief

JOELYZA M. ARCILLA, EdD

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

MARCELO K. PALISPIS, EdD

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMS)

ELISA L. BAGUIO, EdD

Education Program Supervisor in MATH

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

MERCY Q. JAYOMA
NORFREDA C. VALENTIN
Writers

CHRISTIAN EVEN D. SANTILLAN

Illustrator/ Lay-out Artist
_________________________________
ALPHA QA TEAM
FLORENCIO M. BARTOLO JR.
TERESITA P. BUBOLE
CHRISTIAN EVEN D. SANTILLAN
MELBA S. TUMARONG

BETA QA TEAM
MELBA S. TUMARONG

ENHANCEMENT TEAM
TERESITA P. BUBOLE
CHERYL V. ACABAL
MELBA S. TUMARONG

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