PRECALCULUS:

UNIT 5
PRACTICE

NAME

BLOCK ______
Learning Chapter and Section Title Description
Target
Number

LT1 3.1 Exponential Functions and their Sketch graphs of exponential functions
Graphs with transformations.

LT2 3.1 Exponential Functions and their Apply compound interest formulas to
Graphs solve real-world problems.

LT3 3.2 Logarithmic Functions and their Evaluate logarithmic expressions of

Graphs different bases without a calculator.

LT4 3.2 Logarithmic Functions and their Rewrite exponential equations as

Graphs logarithmic equations, and vice versa.

LT5 3.2 Logarithmic Functions and their Evaluate logarithmic expressions of

Graphs different bases with a calculator.

LT6 3.2 Logarithmic Functions and their Identify characteristics of exponential

Graphs and logarithmic functions from their
graphs.

LT7 3.2 Logarithmic Functions and their Sketch graphs of logarithmic functions
Graphs with transformations.

LT8 3.3 Properties of Logarithms Apply logarithmic properties to

expand and condense logarithmic
expressions.

LT9 3.4 Exponential and Logarithmic Solve exponential and logarithmic

Equations equations algebraically.

LT10 3.5 Exponential Growth and Decay Apply exponential growth and decay
formulas to solve contextual problems
 Warmup: Value of e

Calculate the ending balance after 1 year of a $1.00 invested at the spectacular
interest rate of 100% if compounded as follows:

𝑟 𝑛𝑡
Hint: 𝐴 = 𝑃 (1 + )
𝑛

A = amount in ending balance; P = principal investment;

r = interest rate (as a decimal); n = number of compoundings per year

Even though these are money amounts, please round to 5 decimals places

1. Annually 5. Daily

2. Semi – annually 6. Hourly

3. Quarterly 7. Every Second

4. Monthly

What do you notice about the trend of the balance as the number of compounding
periods increases?

Unit 5 Practice Page 1

LT 1-2 Exponential Functions and their Graphs Practice Ch 3.1
LT1 In exercises 1 to 6, the graph of an exponential function is given. Match each graph to the
given functions.

A. f (x) = 3x B. g(x) = 3x-1 C. h(x) = 3x - 1

D. F(x) = -3x E. G(x) = 3- x F. H (x) = -3- x

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

LT1 Sketch the following exponential functions. Plot at least 3 points, list the transformations
from the parent function f (x) = 2 x , identify the asymptote and list the domain and range. Sketch.

7. f (x) = 2 x+1

Asymptote:__________

Domain:__________

Range:__________

Transformations:

Unit 5 Practice Page 2

LT 1-2 Exponential Functions and their Graphs Practice Ch 3.1
8. f (x) = 2 x+2 - 1

Asymptote:__________

Domain:__________

Range:__________

Transformations:

9. f (x) = -2 x

Asymptote:__________

Domain:__________

Range:__________

Transformations:

10. f (x) = (2)2 x

Asymptote:__________

Domain:__________

Range:__________

Transformations:

Unit 5 Practice Page 3

LT 1-2 Exponential Functions and their Graphs Practice Ch 3.1

LT2 Use the compound interest formulas to solve the following.

𝑟 𝑛𝑡
𝐴 = 𝑃 (1 + )
𝑛
A = Pert

For problems 11 through 14, find the value of an investment of $10,000 after 5 years at an
interest rate of 5.5% given the following scenarios:

11. compounded semiannually 12. compounded quarterly

13. compounded monthly 14. compounded continuously

15. The 1986 explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the former Soviet Union sent
about 1000 kilograms of radioactive cesium-137 into the atmosphere. The function
𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 1000(0.5)30 describes the amount, 𝑓(𝑥), in kilograms of cesium-137 remaining in
Chernobyl x years after 1986. If even 100 kilograms of cesium-137 remain in Chernobyl’s
atmosphere, the area is considered unsafe for human habitation. Find the amount of cesium-137
remaining in 2066, 𝑓(80), and determine if Chernobyl will be safe for human habitation by then.

Unit 5 Practice Page 4

LT 3-7 Logarithmic Functions and their Graphs Practice Ch 3.2
LT4 Write each equation in its equivalent exponential form.

1. log 2 16 = 4 2. logb 32 = 5

LT4 Write each equation in its equivalent logarithmic form.

3. 2 3 = 8 4. 3
8=2 5. b 3 = 1000

LT3 Evaluate or simplify each expression without using a calculator.

1
6. log 4 16 7. log 5 8. log 7 7
5

9. log 64 8 10. log 4 1 11. 8 log 8 19

12. log100 13. 10 log 33 14. ln e6

2
15. eln125 16. eln 5x 17. log1000

18. log10 8 19. 10 log 53 20. ln e

1
21. ln e7 22. ln
e7

Unit 5 Practice Page 5

LT 3-7 Logarithmic Functions and their Graphs Practice Ch 3.2

23. Graph f (x) = 4 x and f (x) = log 4 x on the same grid below.

LT7 For problems 24 to 29, the graph of a logarithmic function is shown. Match each graph with
the correct function from the following:
A. f (x) = log 3 x B. g(x) = log 3 ( x - 1) C. h(x) = log 3 x - 1
D. F(x) = - log 3 x E. G(x) = log 3 ( -x ) F. H(x) = 1- log 3 x

24. 25. 26.

27. 28. 29.

Unit 5 Practice Page 6

LT 3-7 Logarithmic Functions and their Graphs Practice Ch 3.2
LT 6 & 7 For problems 30 to 32, identify the parent function, list transformations, asymptotes,
domain, range & sketch.
30. g(x) = log 2 ( x + 1)

Parent__________
Transformations:
Domain_________
Range__________
Asymptote_______

31. h(x) = 1+ log 2 x

Parent__________
Transformations:
Domain_________
Range__________
Asymptote_______

1
32. g(x) = log 2 x
2

Parent__________
Transformations:
Domain_________
Range__________
Asymptote_______

Unit 5 Practice Page 7

LT 1-7 Exponential & Logarithmic Review Ch 3.1-3.2
Functions and their Graphs Number 1
LT1 For problems 1 – 4, identify the asymptote and transformations from the parent function
f (x) = 4 x . For problems 5 & 6, identify 3 points, the asymptote, transformations from the parent
function f (x) = 4 x and sketch.

1. f (x) = -4 x Asymptote ________ 2. f (x) = 4 x + 2 Asymptote ________

Transformations: Transformations:

𝑥+3
1 𝑥
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4 Asymptote ________ 4. 𝑓(𝑥) = ( ) Asymptote _______
4

Transformations: Transformations:

5. f (x) = 4 - x-2

Parent__________

Transformations:

Domain_________

Range__________

Asymptote_______

( )
6. f (x) = ( 3) 4
x

Parent__________

Transformations:

Domain_________

Range__________

Asymptote_______

Unit 5 Practice Page 8

LT 1-7 Exponential & Logarithmic Review Ch 3.1-3.2
Functions and their Graphs Number 1
LT2 Use the compound interest formulas to solve the following.
𝑟 𝑛𝑡
𝐴 = 𝑃 (1 + ) or 𝐴 = 𝑃𝑒 𝑟𝑡
𝑛
7. To invest in Julia’s college fund, her grandparents deposited $1000 in a savings account on the
day she was born. The savings account interest is compounded semi-annually at a rate of 4.5%.
When Julia turns 18 and heads off to college, how much money will she have in her fund?

8. To invest in Sophia’s college fund, her grandparents deposited $1000 in a savings account on
the day she was born. The savings account interest is compounded continuously at a rate of
4.5%. When Sophia turns 18 and heads off to college, how much money will she have in her
fund?

LT 3 & 4 Rewrite in exponent form and determine the value of x.

1
9. log 3 81 = x 10. log 4 =x 11. log10 x = 4 12. log x 125 = 3
16

LT4 Rewrite in logarithmic form.

1 1
13. 5 2 = 25 14. 2 -3 = 15. 2 4 = 16 16 . 4 -2 =
8 16

LT 6 & 7 Identify the parent exponent function. Identify the transformations, asymptotes,
domain, range & sketch. Create t – charts (with at least 3 points) of each transformation.
17. f (x) = log 3 x + 2

Parent__________

Transformations:

Domain_________

Range__________

Asymptote_______

Unit 5 Practice Page 9

Unit 5 Practice Page 9
LT 1-7 Exponential & Logarithmic Review Ch 3.1-3.2
Functions and their Graphs Number 1
18. f (x) = -3log2 x

Parent__________

Transformations:

Domain_________

Range__________

Asymptote_______

19. f (x) = log 4 (x - 3)

Parent__________

Transformations:

Domain_________

Range__________

Asymptote_______

20. f (x) = log 3 (-2x)

Parent__________

Transformations:

Domain_________

Range__________

Asymptote_______

Unit 5 Practice Page 10

LT 1-7 Exponential & Logarithmic Review Ch 3.1-3.2
Functions and their Graphs Number 2
LT1 For problems 1 – 4, identify the asymptote and transformations from the parent function
f (x) = 3x . For problems 5 & 6, identify 3 points, the asymptote, transformations from the parent
function f (x) = 3x and sketch.

1. f (x) = -3x Asymptote ________ 2. f (x) = 3x - 2 Asymptote ________

Transformations: Transformations:

1 𝑥
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥−3 Asymptote ________ 4. 𝑓(𝑥) = ( ) Asymptote _______
3

Transformations: Transformations:

5. f (x) = 3- x+3

Parent__________

Transformations:

Domain_________

Range__________

Asymptote_______

( )
6. f (x) = ( -2 ) 3
x

Parent__________

Transformations:

Domain_________

Range__________

Asymptote_______
Unit
Unit55Practice
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LT 1-7 Exponential & Logarithmic Review Ch 3.1-3.2
Functions and their Graphs Number 2
LT2 Use the compound interest formulas to solve the following.
𝑟 𝑛𝑡
𝐴 = 𝑃 (1 + ) or 𝐴 = 𝑃𝑒 𝑟𝑡
𝑛
7. To invest in Genevieve’s college fund, her grandparents deposited $2500 in a savings account
on the day she was born. The savings account interest is compounded quarterly at a rate of
6.2%. When Genevieve turns 18 and heads off to college, how much money will she have in her
fund?

8. To invest in George’s college fund, his grandparents deposited $2500 in a savings account on
the day he was born. The savings account interest is compounded continuously at a rate of 6.2%.
When George turns 18 and heads off to college, how much money will he have in his fund?

LT3 & 4 Rewrite in exponent form and determine the value of x.

1
9. log 3 27 = x 10. log 5 =x 11. log 2 x = 5 12. log x 36 = 2
25

LT4 Rewrite in logarithmic form.

1 1
13. 7 3 = 343 14. 10 -3 = 15. 4 3 = 64 16 . 8 -2 =
1000 64

Identify the parent exponent function. Identify the transformations, asymptotes, domain, range &
sketch. Create t – charts (with at least 3 points) of each transformation.
17. f (x) = -2log 2 x

Parent__________

Transformations:

Domain_________

Range__________

Asymptote_______

Unit 5 Practice Page 12

Unit 5 Practice Page 12
LT 1-7 Exponential & Logarithmic Review Ch 3.1-3.2
Functions and their Graphs Number 2
18. f (x) = log 2 ( x + 2 )

Parent__________

Transformations:

Domain_________

Range__________

Asymptote_______

19. f (x) = log 2 (-x)

Parent__________

Transformations:

Domain_________

Range__________

Asymptote_______

20. f (x) = log 2 (-x - 1) + 2

Parent__________

Transformations:

Domain_________

Range__________

Asymptote_______

Unit 5 Practice Page 13

LT 8 Properties of Logarithms Practice Ch 3.3
LT8 Use properties of logarithms to expand as much as possible. If possible, evaluate without a
calculator.

1
1. log(1000𝑥) 2. log ( )
1000

3. log 𝑏 (𝑥 3 ) 4. ln( 7√𝑥)

36
5. log 6 ( ) 6. ln(√𝑒𝑥)
√𝑥 + 1

3
3 𝑥2 𝑦 100𝑥 3 √5 − 𝑥
7. log 5 ( √ ) 8. log ( )
25 (𝑥 + 3)5

Use properties of logarithms to condense each logarithmic expression. Write the expression as a
single logarithm whose coefficient is 1. If possible, evaluate without a calculator.

9. log 2 96 - log2 3 10. log x + 7log y

Unit 5 Practice Page 14

LT 8 Properties of Logarithms Practice Ch 3.3
11. 5 ln x - 2 ln y 12. 8 ln ( x + 9 ) - 4 ln x

13.
1
2
( log 5 x + log5 y) - 2 log5 ( x + 1) ( 2
)
14. log x + log x - 4 - log15 - log ( x + 2 )

15. Use a calculator and the change of base property to evaluate logp 63

Write each expression in terms of A and C given A = logb 2 & C = logb 3.

3 2
16. logb 17. logb 8 18. logb
2 27

Determine if each statement is true or false. If true, prove. If false, rewrite as a true statement.

( )
19. log 4 2x = 3log 4 ( 2x )
3
20. ln ( x + 1) = ln x + ln1

Unit 5 Practice Page 15

LT 8 Properties of Logarithms Review Ch 3.3
Use properties of logarithms to expand each logarithmic expression as much as possible.

𝑦5
1. log 6(𝑥 −3 ) = _________________ 2. log 𝑏 ( ) = _________________
𝑥3𝑧4

√𝑎
3. log ( 3 ) = __________________ 4. ln (√2𝑥 + 𝑥 2 ) = ____________________
√𝑏

3 𝑎 𝑥2 − 1
5. ln √ = ____________________ 6. ln ( ) = ____________________
𝑏2 𝑥3

Use properties of logarithms to condense each logarithmic expression into a single logarithm
whose coefficient is 1.

7. ln(𝑥 − 2) − 2 ln(𝑥 2 + 2) 8. log(𝑥 3 + 6) + log(𝑥 − 4) − 3log 𝑥

1
9. [log(𝑥 + 1) − log(𝑥 − 2)] + log(𝑥 + 3) 10. 5ln (2𝑥)
2

Unit 5 Practice Page 16

LT 8 Properties of Logarithms Review Ch 3.3
Approximate the following logarithms given:

log 𝑏 (2) ≈ 0.3562, log 𝑏 (3) ≈ 0.5646, log 𝑏 (5) ≈ 0.8271

11. log 𝑏 60= _______________________ 12. log 𝑏 (10𝑏2 )= _____________________

3
13. log 𝑏 1 = _____________________ 14. log 𝑏 √100 = ___________________

Unit 5 Practice Page 17

LT 1-8 Exponential & Logarithmic Functions, Review Ch 3.1 - 3.3
Graphs, and Properties of Logarithms

Sketch the graph of the following functions. Identify the parent exponential function,
transformations, domain, range and asymptote.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = − log 3 (2𝑥 − 4) + 1

Parent__________

Transformations:

Domain_________

Range__________

Asymptote_______

1
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3−2𝑥 − 2

Parent__________

Transformations:

Domain_________

Range__________

Asymptote______

3. Use properties of logarithms to expand.

2𝑚4
ln ( )
𝑥 2 √𝑦 + 1

Unit 5 Practice Page 18

LT 1-8 Exponential & Logarithmic Functions, Review Ch 3.1 - 3.3
Graphs, and Properties of Logarithms

4. Use properties of logarithms to condense into a single logarithm whose coefficient of 1.

1
[ln(𝑥) + 4 ln(𝑦) − 3 ln(𝑥 + 2)] + 2ln(𝑦)
3

Evaluate the following WITHOUT a calculator.

1 4
5. log 2 (16) 6. log 8 (16) 7. log 3 ( √3)

8. log 9(3) 9. ln(𝑒 7 ) 10. 4log4 3𝑥

Given: log 𝑎 2 = 𝐴, log 𝑎 3 = 𝐵, log 𝑎 5 = 𝐶. Evaluate the following in terms of A, B and C.

2𝑎3 3
11. log 𝑎 ( ) 12. log 𝑎 √18𝑎
15

13. You invest some money in an account that earns 2.1% annual interest, compounded
semiannually. Ten years later, you have $7,000. How much money did you invest?

𝑟 𝑛𝑡
𝐴 = 𝑃 (1 + )
𝑛

Unit 5 Practice Page 19

LT 1-8 Exponential & Logarithmic Functions, Review Ch 3.1 - 3.3
Graphs, and Properties of Logarithms Extra

Identify the parent function, list transformations, asymptotes, domain, range & sketch.

1. ℎ(𝑥) = 23𝑥 − 2

Parent__________

Transformations:

Domain_________

Range__________

Asymptote_______

2. 𝑔(𝑥) = 5 log 2 (−𝑥 + 2)

Parent__________

Transformations:

Domain_________

Range__________

Asymptote_______

3. ℎ(𝑥) = − log 3 (𝑥 + 2)

Parent__________

Transformations:

Domain_________

Range__________

Asymptote_______

Unit 5 Practice Page 20

LT 1-8 Exponential & Logarithmic Functions, Review Ch 3.1 - 3.3
Graphs, and Properties of Logarithms Extra
Use the compound interest formulas to solve the following.

𝑟 𝑛𝑡
𝐴 = 𝑃 (1 + 𝑛) 𝐴 = 𝑃𝑒 𝑟𝑡

4. Find the balance in an account that compounds quarterly if you invested $2000 (and did not
take any money out or deposit any more money) at a rate of 2.3% for 5 years.

5. Vernon needs $300 to purchase his holiday presents. Vernon was thinking ahead and
invested some money last holiday season in a lucrative account. The account earns 2.3% interest
compounded semi-annually. How much money did Vernon have to invest last year in order to
have enough money this year?

Given log 𝑎 (4) = 0.1234, log 𝑎 (3) = 0.0456, log 𝑎 (5) = 0.3456. Evaluate the following:

3 3
6. log 𝑎 ( ) 7. log 𝑎 √12𝑎2 8. log 𝑎 36
20

9. Write as a single log:

1
2 log(𝑥 − 1) − log(𝑥 2 + 3)
2

Unit 5 Practice Page 21

LT 1-8 Exponential & Logarithmic Functions, Practice Quiz
Graphs, and Properties of Logarithms Ch 3.1 – 3.3

Identify the parent function, list transformations, asymptotes, domain, range & sketch.

1. 𝑦 = 2𝑥−3

Parent__________

Transformations:

Domain_________

Range__________

Asymptote_______

2. 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 4

Parent__________

Transformations:

Domain_________

Range__________

Asymptote_______

3. 𝑦 = − log 2 (𝑥 − 4)

Parent__________

Transformations:

Domain_________

Range__________

Asymptote_______

Unit 5 Practice Page 22

LT 1-8 Exponential & Logarithmic Functions, Practice Quiz
Graphs, and Properties of Logarithms Ch 3.1 – 3.3
Use the compound interest formulas to solve the following.
𝑟 𝑛𝑡
𝐴 = 𝑃 (1 + 𝑛) 𝐴 = 𝑃𝑒 𝑟𝑡

You deposit $5000 in a trust fund that pays 7.5% interest. After 50 years, the balance will go to
the college from which you graduated.

4. How much money will be in the fund for your college if the interest is compounded
continuously?

5. How much money will be in the fund if the interest is compounded quarterly?

6. With continuous compounding, how much money would you initially have to deposit for this
account to have $300,000 at the end of 50 years?

7. What is the inverse function of 𝑦 = 5𝑥 ?

Use properties of logarithms to expand each logarithmic expression as much as possible.

𝑥2 √𝑥𝑦 4
8. ln √ 2 9. log 𝑏 4
𝑦 𝑧

10. Use properties of logarithms to condense into a single logarithm with coefficient of 1.
𝑦 = 4[ln 𝑧 + ln(𝑧 + 5)] − 2 ln(𝑧 − 5)

Unit 5 Practice Page 23

LT 1-8 Exponential & Logarithmic Functions, Practice Quiz
Graphs, and Properties of Logarithms Ch 3.1 – 3.3

11. Use properties of logarithms to evaluate log 4 15 using your calculator.

Given log 𝑏 2 = 0.2018, log 𝑏 3 = 0.3199, log 𝑏 5 = 0.4687, evaluate the following:

√3 3
12. log 𝑏 13. log 𝑏 √5𝑏
2

14. log 𝑏 18 15. log 𝑏 𝑏3

Unit 5 Practice Page 24

LT 9 Exponential & Logarithmic Equations Practice 3.4

Solve the following by expressing each side as a power of the same base and then evaluating
exponents.

1. 2𝑥 = 64 2. 22𝑥−1 = 32 3. 32 𝑥 = 8

1 1 1
4. 31−𝑥 = 5. 4𝑥 = 6. 𝑒 𝑥+1 =
27 √2 𝑒

Solve. Express the solution in terms of logarithms. Then use a calculator to find a decimal
approximation.

7. 𝑒 𝑥 = 5.7 8. 5𝑒 𝑥 = 23

9. 𝑒 1−5𝑥 = 793 10. 7𝑥+2 = 410

Unit 5 Practice Page 25

LT 9 Exponential & Logarithmic Equations Practice 3.4
11. 52𝑥+3 = 3𝑥−1 12. 𝑒 4𝑥 + 5𝑒 2𝑥 − 24 = 0

Solve. Be sure to reject any value of x that is not in the domain of the original logarithmic
expression. Give the exact answer. Then, where necessary, use a calculator to obtain a decimal
approximation.

13. log 3 𝑥 = 4 14. log 4(𝑥 + 5) = 3

15. log 4(3𝑥 + 2) = 3 16. 6 + 2 ln 𝑥 = 5

17. log 5 𝑥 + log 5( 4𝑥 − 1) = 1 18. log 2(𝑥 + 2) − log 2 (𝑥 − 5) = 3

Unit 5 Practice Page 26

LT 10 Exponential Growth and Decay Practice 3.5
The exponential models below describe the population of the indicated country, A, in millions, t
years after 2003. Use the models to solve the following.
India Iraq Japan Russia

𝐴 = 1049.7𝑒 0.015𝑡 𝐴 = 24.7𝑒 0.028𝑡 𝐴 = 127.2𝑒 0.001𝑡 𝐴 = 144.5𝑒 −0.004𝑡

1. Which country had the greatest growth rate? By what percentage is the population of the
country increasing each year?

2. Which country has a decreasing population? By what percentage is the population of the
country decreasing each year?

3. When will India’s population be 1238 million?

Use the compound growth/decay formula to solve the following. 𝐴 = 𝑃𝑒 𝑟𝑡

4. In 2000, the population of Israel was approx 6.04 million and by 2050 it is projected to be 10
million. Use the exponential growth model, in which t is the number of years after 2000, to find
an exponential growth function that models the data. (Hint: find the k value)

5. Use the k value from problem 4 to find the year in which Israel’s population will be 9 million.

6. An artifact originally had 16 grams of carbon-14 present. The decay model 𝐴 = 16𝑒 −0.000121𝑡
describes the amount of carbon-14 present after t years. How many grams of carbon-14 will be
present in 5,715 years?

Unit 5 Practice Page 27

LT 10 Exponential Growth and Decay Practice 3.5
7a. The half–life of the radioactive element krypton-91 is 10 seconds. If 16 grams of krypton-91
are initially present, find the exponential decay function.

7b. How many grams are present after 10 secs? 7c. How many grams are present after 30 secs?

Use the exponential decay model for carbon-14, 𝐴 = 16𝑒 −0.000121𝑡, to solve problems 8 & 9.

8. Prehistoric cave paintings were discovered in France containing 15% of the original carbon-
14. Estimate the age of the paintings.

9. Skeletons were found at a construction site in San Francisco in 1989. The skeletons contained
88% of the expected amount of carbon-14 found in a living person. In 1989, how old were the
skeletons?

10. A bird species in danger of extinction has a population that is decreasing exponentially. Five
years ago the population was at 1400 and today only 1000 of the birds are alive. Once the
population drops below 100, the situation will be irreversible. When will this happen? (Hint: first
find the k value)

Unit 5 Practice Page 28

LT 9-10 Exponential and Logarithmic Equations Review 3.4 & 3.5
Exponential Growth and Decay

Solve each equation.

1. log 2 (2𝑥 + 1) = 3 6. 2𝑥 = 10

2. log 3 (𝑥 2 + 1) = 2 7. 5𝑒 2𝑥−1 = 4

3. log 5 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 4) = 2
8. −2 + 𝑒 2𝑥 = 9

4. 3 log 2(𝑥 − 1) + log 2 (4) = 5

9. 21−2𝑥 = 10

5. −2 log 4 𝑥 = log 4 9
10. 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 − 2 = 0

Unit 5 Practice Page 29

LT 9-10 Exponential and Logarithmic Equations Review 3.4 & 3.5
Exponential Growth and Decay

11. 22𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 12 = 0 12. 𝑒 2𝑥 − 6𝑒 𝑥 + 8 = 0

13. Find the principal needed to get each new balance. Remember: 𝐴 = 𝑃𝑒 𝑟𝑡

a. The balance is $100 after 2 years at 6% compounded monthly.

b. The balance is $600 after 4 years at 3% compounded quarterly.

14. What annual rate of interest is required to double an investment in 3 years if it is

a. compounded continuously? b. compounded semi-annually?

15. How long does it take an investment to double in value if it is invested with an 8% interest
rate and
a. compounded continuously? b. compounded quarterly?

16. The half-life of radium is 1690 years.

a. Find the general equation for the decay of the isotope (Hint: Find k)

b. Find the amount left after 2000 years if you start with 10 grams.

c. Find the initial amount if you have 20 grams after 1000 years.

Unit 5 Practice Page 30

LT 9-10 Exponential and Logarithmic Equations Review 3.4 & 3.5
Exponential Growth and Decay

17. The population of Smalltown was 2000 in 1995 and 3111 in 2005.

a. Find the exponential growth model 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑒 𝑘𝑡 for the population growth of Smalltown by
letting t = 0 correspond to 1995.

b. Use your model to predict the population of Smalltown in 2015.

18. After discontinuing all advertising, the students at the Roar Store noted that sales began to
drop according to the following model where S is the sales and t is the number of weeks
where t = 0 corresponds to the week when advertising was eliminated.

4000
𝑆=
1 + 0.01𝑒 0.8𝑡

a. According to the model, what will the sales be after 10 weeks with no advertising?

b. If the store does not have at least $100 in sales it will be shut down. How many weeks until the store will h

Unit 5 Practice Page 31

LT 1-10 Practice Test #1

Describe the transformations for each graph in relation to the parent exponential function
1. 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑥−3 + 2 2. 𝑦 = 5 − 𝑎2−𝑥 3. 𝑦 = 5𝑎 𝑥

Sketch the graph of the following exponential functions. Identify the parent function,
transformations, domain, range and asymptote.

4. 𝑦 = −2𝑥 − 4

Parent__________

Transformations:

Domain_________

Range__________

Asymptote_______

1 𝑥−2
5. 𝑦 = (3)

Parent__________

Transformations:

Domain_________

Range__________

Asymptote_____

Use the change of base formula and a calculator to find the following quantities.
6. log 7 16 7. log 1 13
2

Unit 5 Practice Page 32

LT 1-10 Practice Test #1

If in logarithmic form, rewrite in exponential form. If in exponential form, rewrite in logarithmic

form.

8. 35 = 243 9. log 𝑎 37 = 2 10. log 7 𝑏 = 12

Describe the transformations for each graph in relation to the parent logarithmic function
𝑦 = log 𝑥.

11. 𝑦 = − log 𝑎 (2 − 𝑥) 12. 𝑦 = log 𝑎 (𝑥) − 5 13. 𝑦 = log 𝑎 (𝑥 + 2)

Sketch the graph of the following logarithmic functions. Identify the parent inverse function,
transformations, domain, range and asymptote.

14. 𝑦 = − log 3 (𝑥) + 2

Parent__________

Transformations:

Domain_________

Range__________

Asymptote_______

15. 𝑦 = log 2 (𝑥 + 3)

Parent__________

Transformations:

Domain_________

Range__________

Asymptote_______

Unit 5 Practice Page 33

LT 1-10 Practice Test #1
𝑟 𝑛𝑡
Use the Interest Formulas to calculate. Remember: 𝐴 = 𝑃 (1 + 𝑛) 𝐴 = 𝑃𝑒 𝑟𝑡

16. If $1500 is invested at 8% compounded quarterly, what is the balance at the end of 5 years?

17. If $3500 is invested at 4.5% continuously, what is the balance at the end of 10 years?

18. Determine the amount of money that should be invested at a rate of 8% compounded
quarterly to produce a final balance of $20,000 in 10 years.

Evaluate.

19. log 𝑎 𝑎5 20. ln 𝑒 1−𝑥 21. log(1 + √2) (use calculator)

Use properties of logarithms to expand each logarithmic expression as much as possible.

4 𝑎2 𝑏4 √3𝑥 + 2
22. log √ 23. ln
𝑐6 2𝑥

24. log 3 4𝑥(𝑥 − 3)

Use properties of logarithms to condense into a single logarithm with coefficient of 1.

1
25. 4 [log(5𝑥 + 15) − log(𝑥 + 3)] 26. ln(2𝑥) + 3 ln(3𝑥) − 2ln(4𝑥)

Unit 5 Practice Page 34

LT 1-10 Practice Test #1
Evaluate each expression with a calculator given: log 𝑎 2 = 0.2789, log 𝑎 3 = 0.4421.

4 6
27. log 𝑎 3 28. log 𝑎 √6 29. log 𝑎 18

Solve for x.

30. 3𝑥 = 243 31. 3𝑥−1 = 27

32. ln(2𝑥 − 1) = 0 33. 4𝑒 𝑥 = 91

34. 𝑒 2𝑥−1 = 20 35. 𝑒 2𝑥 − 8𝑒 𝑥 + 7 = 0

Unit 5 Practice Page 35

LT 1-10 Practice Test #1
Solve for x.

36. 64𝑥 = 510 37. ln √𝑥 + 5 = 2

38. log(𝑥 + 4) = 5 39. log 4 (𝑥 + 1) + log 4(𝑥) = log 4 (𝑥 + 2)

𝑟 𝑛𝑡
Solve using the compound interest formulas 𝐴 = 𝑃 (1 + 𝑛) 𝐴 = 𝑃𝑒 𝑟𝑡

40. You deposit $5000 in an account with an interest rate of 7.5%. The account is compounded
semi-annually. How long will it take for you to have a total of $11,000?

41. How long would it take for you to triple your investment in an account that is compounded
continuously at an interest rate of 6.75%

Unit 5 Practice Page 36

LT 1-10 Practice Test #1
42. How much do you need to invest to have $13,000 after 10 years with an account that has a
5% interest rate and compounds daily?

43. Carbon 14 has a half – life of 5730 years. Find the amount remaining after 1000 years, if you
start with 10 grams.

44. The population P of a city is given by 𝑃 = 140,500𝑒 𝑘𝑡 , where t is the time in years, with t = 0
corresponding to the year 1990. In 1960, the population was 100,250. Find the value of k and
use this result to predict the population in 2010.

Unit 5 Practice Page 37

LT 1-10 Practice Test #2

Solve for x.

1. 12ex - 3 = 130 2. -3e4-3x = -42

3. 2e2x - 9e x + 9 = 0 4. 6 3x-5 = 450

5. 5ln 2x + 6 = 20 6. 2 log 4 ( x + 1) = log 4 ( x + 2 )

Given logb 3 = 0.2345 and logb 2 = 0.1678 , evaluate the following using a calculator:

24
7. logb 36 8. log b
6

Unit 5 Practice Page 38

LT 1-10 Practice Test #2

𝑟 𝑛𝑡
Remember: 𝐴 = 𝑃 (1 + 𝑛) 𝐴 = 𝑃𝑒 𝑟𝑡

9. You deposit $1,200 in an account with an interest rate of 2%. The account is compounded
monthly. How long will it take for you to have a total of $9,000?

10. How long will it take you to triple your investment in an account that is compounded
quarterly at an interest rate of 3%?

11. What initial investment must be made in order to have $5,000 at the end of 10 years in an
account that is compounded continuously at 3%?

12. Radium has a half-life of 2400 years. Find the amount after 400 years, if you start with 200
grams.

Unit 5 Practice Page 39