Python

Lists, Loops

Practice Problems
P11) Check if a number is positive, negative, or zero.

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

if num > 0:
print("The number is positive.")
elif num < 0:
print("The number is negative.")
else:
print("The number is zero.")

P12) Find the maximum of three numbers.

num1 = int(input("Enter the first number: "))
num2 = int(input("Enter the second number: "))
num3 = int(input("Enter the third number: "))

if num1 >= num2 and num1 >= num3:

print("The maximum number is:", num1)
elif num2 >= num1 and num2 >= num3:
print("The maximum number is:", num2)
else:
print("The maximum number is:", num3)

P13) Determine the type of triangle (Scalene, Isosceles, Equilateral).

side1 = int(input("Enter the length of side 1: "))

side2 = int(input("Enter the length of side 2: "))
side3 = int(input("Enter the length of side 3: "))

if side1 == side2 == side3:

print("It is an equilateral triangle.")
elif side1 == side2 or side1 == side3 or side2 == side3:
print("It is an isosceles triangle.")
else:
print("It is a scalene triangle.")
P14) Determine the Grade based on the score.

score = float(input("Enter the student's score: "))

if 90 <= score <= 100:

print("Grade: A")
elif 80 <= score < 90:
print("Grade: B")
elif 70 <= score < 80:
print("Grade: C")
elif 60 <= score < 70:
print("Grade: D")
else:
print("Grade: F")

P15) Calculate the car rental price.

days_rented = int(input("Enter the number of days the car was rented: "))
daily_rate = float(input("Enter the daily rental rate: "))
is_damage = input("Is the car damaged upon return? (Y/N)")

if days_rented <= 0:
print("Invalid input. Number of days should be greater than 0.")
else:
total_cost = days_rented * daily_rate
print("Total cost of car rental:", total_cost)

if str.upper(is_damage) == 'Y':
print("There is damage in the car upon return")
adjusted_amount = total_cost + 0.25*total_cost
print("Adjusted amount: ",adjusted_amount)
else:
print("There is no further adjustment needed in the amount.")

Python Lists

Lists are used to store multiple items in a single variable.

Lists are one of 4 built-in data types in Python used to store collections of data, the other 3
are Tuple, Set, and Dictionary, all with different qualities and usage.

Create a List:
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(thislist)
  List items are ordered, changeable, and allow duplicate values.

 List items are indexed, the first item has index [0], the second item has index [1] etc.

 When we say that lists are ordered, it means that the items have a defined order, and that order
will not change.

 If you add new items to a list, the new items will be placed at the end of the list.

To determine how many items a list has, use the len() function:

Print the number of items in the list:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(len(thislist))
append(): The append() method is used to add a single element to the end of a list. It takes one
argument, which is the element you want to add to the list. The element is added as a single item at the
end of the list.
extend(): The extend() method is used to add multiple elements to the end of a list. It takes an iterable
(e.g., a list, tuple, or another iterable) as its argument and adds each element from the iterable to the end
of the list.
In Python, a nested list is a list that contains other lists as its elements. This allows you to create a multi-
dimensional data structure, where each element of the outer list is itself a list, and these inner lists can,
in turn, contain more lists, forming a nested structure.

Accessing a List
List items are indexed and you can access them by referring to the index number:
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(thislist[1])
This will print "banana".

Negative indexing means start from the end. -1 refers to the last item, -2 refers to the second last item
etc.

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

print(thislist[-1])

This will print "cherry".

You can specify a range of indexes by specifying where to start and where to end the range. When
specifying a range, the return value will be a new list with the specified items.
thislist =
["apple", "banana", "cherry", "orange", "kiwi", "melon", "mango"]
print(thislist[2:5])

This will print "cherry", "orange", "kiwi".

Python For Loop

A for loop is used for iterating over a sequence (that is either a list, a tuple, a dictionary, a set, or a
string).

This is less like the for keyword in other programming languages, and works more like an iterator
method as found in other object-orientated programming languages.

With the for loop, we can execute a set of statements, once for each item in a list, tuple, set etc.

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

for x in fruits:
print(x)
for x in "banana":
print(x)

With the break statement we can stop the loop before it has looped through all the items:
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
print(x)
if x == "banana":
break

With the continue statement we can stop the current iteration of the loop, and continue with the next:
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
if x == "banana":
continue
print(x)

The range() Function

To loop through a set of code a specified number of times, we can use the range() function,

The range() function returns a sequence of numbers, starting from 0 by default, and increments by 1
(by default), and ends at a specified number.
for x in range(6):
print(x)
range(6) is not the values of 0 to 6, but the values 0 to 5.

for x in range(2, 6):

print(x)

The range() function defaults to 0 as a starting value, however it is possible to specify the starting
value by adding a parameter: range(2, 6), which means values from 2 to 6 (but not including 6):

for x in range(2, 30, 3):

print(x)

Increment the sequence with 3.

P16) Calculate the sum of digits of a number

number = int(input("Enter the number: \n"))

total = 0
temp_number = number

while temp_number > 0:

digit = temp_number % 10
total += digit
temp_number //= 10

print("Sum of digits of", number, "is:", total)

number = input("Enter the number: \n")

add = 0
for num in number:
add += int(num)

print("Sum of digits of", number, "is:", add)

P17) Find the common between two lists.

list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
list2 = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

common_elements = []

for element in list1:

if element in list2:
common_elements.append(element)

print("Common elements:", common_elements)

P18) Fibbonacci Sequence

n = int(input("Enter the number of Fibonacci numbers to generate: "))

fibonacci = [0, 1]

if n == 0:
exit()

while len(fibonacci) < n:

next_number = fibonacci[-1] + fibonacci[-2]
fibonacci.append(next_number)

if n == 1:
print("Fibonacci sequence:", fibonacci[0])
else:
print("Fibonacci sequence:", fibonacci)

P19) Check if a number is prime

number = int(input("Enter a number: "))

if number < 2:
print(number, "is not a prime number.")
else:
is_prime = True
for i in range(2, number):
if number % i == 0:
is_prime = False
break

if is_prime:
print(number, "is a prime number.")
else:
print(number, "is not a prime number.")