Python Programming Fundamentals Cheat Sheet

Package/Method Description Syntax and Code Example

Syntax:
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1. statement1 and statement2

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Example:

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AND Returns `True` if both statement1 and statement2 are `True`. Otherwise, returns `False`. 6. 6
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1. marks = 90
2. attendance_percentage = 87
3.
4. if marks >= 80 and attendance_percentage >= 85:
5. print("qualify for honors")
6. else:
7. print("Not qualified for honors")
8.
9. # Output = qualify for honors

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Syntax:
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1. class ClassName: # Class attributes and methods

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Example:

Class Definition Defines a blueprint for creating objects and defining their attributes and behaviors. 1. 1
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1. class Person:
2. def __init__(self, name, age):
3. self.name = name
4. self.age = age

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Syntax:
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1. def function_name(parameters): # Function body

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Define Function A `function` is a reusable block of code that performs a specific task or set of tasks when called.
Example:
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1. def greet(name): print("Hello,", name)

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Syntax:
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1. variable1 == variable2

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Example 1:

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1. 5 == 5
Equal(==) Checks if two values are equal.
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returns True

Example 2:
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1. age = 25 age == 30

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returns False
Syntax:
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1. for variable in sequence: # Code to repeat

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Example 1:

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1. for num in range(1, 10):

2. print(num)
For Loop A `for` loop repeatedly executes a block of code for a specified number of iterations or over a sequence of elements (list, range, string, etc.).
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Example 2:

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1. fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange", "grape", "kiwi"]

2. for fruit in fruits:
3. print(fruit)

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Syntax:
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1. function_name(arguments)

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Function Call A function call is the act of executing the code within the function using the provided arguments.
Example:

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1. greet("Alice")

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Syntax:
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1. variable1 >= variable2

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Example 1:

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1. 5 >= 5 and 9 >= 5

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Greater Than or Equal To(>=) Checks if the value of variable1 is greater than or equal to variable2.
returns True

Example 2:

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1. quantity = 105
2. minimum = 100
3. quantity >= minimum

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returns True
Syntax:
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1. variable1 > variable2

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Example 1: 9 > 6

returns True

Greater Than(>) Checks if the value of variable1 is greater than variable2. Example 2:

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1. age = 20
2. max_age = 25
3. age > max_age

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returns False
Syntax:
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1. if condition: #code block for if statement

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If Statement Executes code block `if` the condition is `True`. Example:

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1. if temperature > 30:

2. print("It's a hot day!")

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Syntax:
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1. if condition1:
2. # Code if condition1 is True
3.
4. elif condition2:
5. # Code if condition2 is True
6.
7. else:
8. # Code if no condition is True

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If-Elif-Else Executes the first code block if condition1 is `True`, otherwise checks condition2, and so on. If no condition is `True`, the else block is executed. Example:
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1. score = 85 # Example score

2. if score >= 90:
3. print("You got an A!")
4. elif score >= 80:
5. print("You got a B.")
6. else:
7. print("You need to work harder.")
8.
9. # Output = You got a B.

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Syntax:
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1. if condition: # Code, if condition is True

2. else: # Code, if condition is False

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Example:
If-Else Statement Executes the first code block if the condition is `True`, otherwise the second block.
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1. if age >= 18:

2. print("You're an adult.")
3. else:
4. print("You're not an adult yet.")

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Syntax:
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1. variable1 <= variable2

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Example 1:

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1. 5 <= 5 and 3 <= 5

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Less Than or Equal To(<=) Checks if the value of variable1 is less than or equal to variable2.
returns True

Example 2:

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1. size = 38
2. max_size = 40
3. size <= max_size

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returns True
Syntax:
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Less Than(<) Checks if the value of variable1 is less than variable2.
1. variable1 < variable2
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Example 1:

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1. 4 < 6

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returns True

Example 2:
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1. score = 60
2. passing_score = 65
3. score < passing_score

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returns True
Syntax:
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1. for: # Code to repeat

2. if # boolean statement
3. break
4.
5. for: # Code to repeat
6. if # boolean statement
7. continue

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Example 1:
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Loop Controls `break` exits the loop prematurely. `continue` skips the rest of the current iteration and moves to the next iteration. 3. 3
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1. for num in range(1, 6):

2. if num == 3:
3. break
4. print(num)

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Example 2:

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1. for num in range(1, 6):

2. if num == 3:
3. continue
4. print(num)

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Syntax:
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1. !variable

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NOT Returns `True` if variable is `False`, and vice versa. Example:

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1. !isLocked

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returns True if the variable is False (i.e., unlocked).

Syntax:
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1. variable1 != variable2

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Example:

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1. a = 10
2. b = 20
3. a != b
Not Equal(!=) Checks if two values are not equal.
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returns True

Example 2:

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1. count=0
2. count != 0

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returns False
Syntax:
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1. object_name = ClassName(arguments)

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Object Creation Creates an instance of a class (object) using the class constructor.
Example:

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1. person1 = Person("Alice", 25)

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Syntax:
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1. statement1 || statement2

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Example:
OR Returns `True` if either statement1 or statement2 (or both) are `True`. Otherwise, returns `False`.
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1. "Farewell Party Invitation"

2. Grade = 12 grade == 11 or grade == 12

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returns True
Syntax:
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1. range(stop)
2. range(start, stop)
3. range(start, stop, step)

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range() Generates a sequence of numbers within a specified range.

Example:

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1. range(5) #generates a sequence of integers from 0 to 4.

2. range(2, 10) #generates a sequence of integers from 2 to 9.
3. range(1, 11, 2) #generates odd integers from 1 to 9.

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Syntax:
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1. return value

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Return Statement `Return` is a keyword used to send a value back from a function to its caller. Example:

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1. def add(a, b): return a + b

2. result = add(3, 5)

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Syntax:
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1. try: # Code that might raise an exception except

2. ExceptionType: # Code to handle the exception

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Example:
Try-Except Block Tries to execute the code in the try block. If an exception of the specified type occurs, the code in the except block is executed.
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1. try:
2. num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
3. except ValueError:
4. print("Invalid input. Please enter a valid number.")

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Syntax:
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1. try: # Code that might raise an exception except

2. ExceptionType: # Code to handle the exception
3. else: # Code to execute if no exception occurs

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Example:

Try-Except with Else Block Code in the `else` block is executed if no exception occurs in the try block. 1. 1
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1. try:
2. num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
3. except ValueError:
4. print("Invalid input. Please enter a valid number")
5. else:
6. print("You entered:", num)

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Syntax:
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1. try: # Code that might raise an exception except

2. ExceptionType: # Code to handle the exception
3. finally: # Code that always executes

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Example:

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Try-Except with Finally Block Code in the `finally` block always executes, regardless of whether an exception occurred. 2. 2
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1. try:
2. file = open("data.txt", "r")
3. data = file.read()
4. except FileNotFoundError:
5. print("File not found.")
6. finally:
7. file.close()

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Syntax:
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1. while condition: # Code to repeat

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While Loop A `while` loop repeatedly executes a block of code as long as a specified condition remains `True`. Example:

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1. count = 0 while count < 5:

2. print(count) count += 1

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