MySQL Data Types

The data type of a column defines what value the column can hold: integer, character, money, date and time, binary,
and so on.

Each column in a database table is required to have a name and a data type.

An SQL developer must decide what type of data that will be stored inside each column when creating a table. The
data type is a guideline for SQL to understand what type of data is expected inside of each column, and it also
identifies how SQL will interact with the stored data.

In MySQL there are three main data types: string, numeric, and date and time.

String Data Types

Data type Description
CHAR(size) A FIXED length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special characters).
The size parameter specifies the column length in characters - can be from 0 to
255. Default is 1

VARCHAR(size) A VARIABLE length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special characters).
The size parameter specifies the maximum column length in characters - can be
from 0 to 65535
BINARY(size) Equal to CHAR(), but stores binary byte strings. The size parameter specifies the
column length in bytes. Default is 1

VARBINARY(size)
Equal to VARCHAR(), but stores binary byte strings. The size parameter specifies
the maximum column length in bytes.

TINYBLOB For BLOBs (Binary Large OBjects). Max length: 255 bytes
TINYTEXT Holds a string with a maximum length of 255 characters

TEXT(size) Holds a string with a maximum length of 65,535 bytes

BLOB(size)
For BLOBs (Binary Large OBjects). Holds up to 65,535 bytes of data

MEDIUMTEXT Holds a string with a maximum length of 16,777,215 characters

MEDIUMBLOB For BLOBs (Binary Large OBjects). Holds up to 16,777,215 bytes of data

LONGTEXT Holds a string with a maximum length of 4,294,967,295 characters

LONGBLOB For BLOBs (Binary Large OBjects). Holds up to 4,294,967,295 bytes of data
ENUM(val1, val2, val3, ...) A string object that can have only one value, chosen from a list of possible values.
You can list up to 65535 values in an ENUM list. If a value is inserted that is not in
the list, a blank value will be inserted. The values are sorted in the order you enter
them
SET(val1, val2, val3, ...) A string object that can have 0 or more values, chosen from a list of possible
values. You can list up to 64 values in a SET list
Numeric Data Types
Data type Description
BIT(size) A bit-value type. The number of bits per value is specified in size. The size
parameter can hold a value from 1 to 64. The default value for size is 1.
TINYINT(size) A very small integer. Signed range is from -128 to 127. Unsigned range is from
0 to 255. The size parameter specifies the maximum display width (which is
255)
BOOL Zero is considered as false, nonzero values are considered as true.
BOOLEAN Equal to BOOL
SMALLINT(size) A small integer. Signed range is from -32768 to 32767. Unsigned range is from
0 to 65535. The size parameter specifies the maximum display width (which
is 255)
MEDIUMINT(size) A medium integer. Signed range is from -8388608 to 8388607. Unsigned
range is from 0 to 16777215. The size parameter specifies the maximum
display width (which is 255)
INT(size) A medium integer. Signed range is from -2147483648 to 2147483647.
Unsigned range is from 0 to 4294967295. The size parameter specifies the
maximum display width (which is 255)
INTEGER(size) Equal to INT(size)
BIGINT(size) A large integer. Signed range is from -9223372036854775808 to
9223372036854775807. Unsigned range is from 0 to
18446744073709551615. The size parameter specifies the maximum display
width (which is 255)
FLOAT(size, d) A floating point number. The total number of digits is specified in size. The
number of digits after the decimal point is specified in the d parameter. This
syntax is deprecated in MySQL 8.0.17, and it will be removed in future MySQL
versions
FLOAT(p) A floating point number. MySQL uses the p value to determine whether to
use FLOAT or DOUBLE for the resulting data type. If p is from 0 to 24, the data
type becomes FLOAT(). If p is from 25 to 53, the data type becomes DOUBLE()
DOUBLE(size, d) A normal-size floating point number. The total number of digits is specified in
size. The number of digits after the decimal point is specified in the d
parameter
DECIMAL(size, d) An exact fixed-point number. The total number of digits is specified in size.
The number of digits after the decimal point is specified in the d parameter.
The maximum number for size is 65. The maximum number for d is 30. The
default value for size is 10. The default value for d is 0.
DEC(size, d) Equal to DECIMAL(size,d)

Note: All the numeric data types may have an extra option: UNSIGNED or ZEROFILL. If you add the UNSIGNED
option, MySQL disallows negative values for the column. If you add the ZEROFILL option, MySQL automatically
also adds the UNSIGNED attribute to the column.
Date and Time Data Types
Data type Description
DATE A date. Format: YYYY-MM-DD. The supported range
is from '1000-01-01' to '9999-12-31'

DATETIME(fsp) A date and time combination. Format: YYYY-MM-

DD hh:mm:ss. The supported range is from '1000-
01-01 00:00:00' to '9999-12-31 23:59:59'. Adding
DEFAULT and ON UPDATE in the column definition
to get automatic initialization and updating to the
current date and time

TIMESTAMP(fsp) A timestamp. TIMESTAMP values are stored as the

number of seconds since the Unix epoch ('1970-01-
01 00:00:00' UTC). Format: YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss.
The supported range is from '1970-01-01 00:00:01'
UTC to '2038-01-09 03:14:07' UTC. Automatic
initialization and updating to the current date and
time can be specified using DEFAULT
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP and ON UPDATE
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP in the column definition

TIME(fsp) A time. Format: hh:mm:ss. The supported range is

from '-838:59:59' to '838:59:59'

YEAR A year in four-digit format. Values allowed in four-

digit format: 1901 to 2155, and 0000.
MySQL 8.0 does not support year in two-digit
format.