DHIRAJLAL GANDHI COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, SALEM

Department of Agricultural Engineering

AI3403 – Strength of Materials for Agricultural Engineering
Assignment – 1
(Due date : 19/04/2024 & Time : before 03:00 PM)
Part - A
1. Define young modulus.
2. State Hooke’s law.
3. Recall modular ratio & Poisson’s ratio.
4. Explain longitudinal strain and lateral strain with a neat sketch.
5. What do you mean by Stress?
6. Discuss the relationship between Elastic Constants
7. Discuss about thermal stresses.
8. Define Hoop stress.
9. Write down the formula for Maximum shear stress in thin cylinders.
10. Distinguish between cylindrical shell and spherical shell.
11. What is meant by the term bulk modulus?
12. Distinguish between Rigid Bodies and Deformable Bodies.
13. Define the terms a) resilience b) proof resilience c) modulus of resilience
14. Define the term limit of proportionality elastic limit and yield point.
15. Relate shear stress and shear strain.
Part - B
1. A compound tube consists of steel tube 140 mm internal diameter and 160 mm
external diameter and an outer brass tube 160 mm internal diameter and 180 mm
external diameter. The two tubes are of same length. The compound tube carries an
axial compression load of 900 kN. Find the stresses and load carried by each tube and
the amount of its shortens. The length of each tube is 1500 mm. Take E for steel as
2 x 105 N/mm2 and for brass 1 x 105 N/mm2.
2. A steel bar is placed between two copper bars, each having the same area and length as
steel bar at 20°C. At this stage, they are rigidly connected together at both the ends.
When the temperature is raised to 320°C, the length of the bars increases by 1.5 mm.
Determine the original length and final stresses in the bars. Take: Es= 220 GN/m2;
Ec= 110 GN/m2 αs=0.000012 per °C αc= 0.0000175 per °C
3. A member ABCD is subjected to point loads P1, P2 ,P3 and P4 as shown. Find P2 required
for necessary equilibrium, if P1 = 45kN, P3 = 450kN and P4=130kN. Determine the total
elongation of the member.
4. A steel bar is 900 mm long; its two ends 40 mm and 30 mm in diameter and the length
of each rod is 200 mm. the middle portion of the bar is 15 mm in diameter and 500 mm
long. If the bar is subjected to axial tensile load of 15 kN, find its total extension.
5. A copper flat measuring 60 mm x 30 mm is brazed to 60 mm x 60 mm mild steel flat as
shown in figure. If the combination is heated through 120°C, determine:
(i) The stress produced in each of the bar.
(ii) Shear force that tends to rupture the brazing
(iii) Shear stress
 DHIRAJLAL GANDHI COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, SALEM
Department of Agricultural Engineering
AI3403 – Strength of Materials for Agricultural Engineering
Assignment – 2
(Due date : 06/05/2024 & Time : before 03:00 PM)
Part - A
1. Compare and contrast between torsion, bending and torque.
2. List the assumptions made in the theory of torsion.
3. Write about Torsion equation and torsion rigidity.
4. Write the expression for power transmitted by a shaft.
5. Quote the expressions for polar modulus of solid and hollow circular shaft.
6. What is called a torsion moment?
7. Differentiate between closed coil helical spring and open coil helical spring.
8. Explain the term spring index.
9. Give any two functions of spring.
10. Formulate the mathematical expression for deflection of an open coiled helical
spring.
11. What is a spring? Name the two important types of springs.
12. Write down the formula for the central deflection of a laminated spring.
13. Classify springs with examples.
14. What is leaf spring? State the uses of leaf spring.
15. Maximum shear stress developed on the surface of a solid circular shaft under pure
torsion is 240 MPa. If the shaft diameter is doubled then the maximum shear stress
developed corresponding to the same torque will be
Equal to?
Part - B
1. Determine the diameter of a solid shaft which will transmit 300 kW at 250 rpm. The
maximum shear stress should not exceed 30 N/mm2 and twist should not be more than
1° in a shaft length of 2 m. take modulus of rigidity C = 1 × 105 N/mm2
2. A hollow shaft of diameter ratio 3/8 (internal diameter to external diameter) is to
transmit 375 kW power at 100 rpm. The maximum torque being 20% greater than the
mean. The shear stress is no to exceed 60 N/mm2 and twist in a length of 4 m not to
exceed 2°. Calculate its external and internal diameters which would satisfy both the
above conditions. Assume modulus of rigidity, C = 0.85 × 105 N/mm2
3. A hollow shaft is 1 m long and has external diameter 50 mm. it has 20 mm internal
diameter for a part of the length and 30 mm internal diameter for the rest of the length.
If the maximum shear stress in it is not to exceed 80 N/mm2, determine the maximum
power transmitted by it at a speed of 300 rpm. If the twists produced in the two
portions of the shafts are equal, find the lengths of the two portions.
Diagram (pg no 709 – fig 16.8)
4. A composite shaft consists of copper rod of 30 mm diameter enclosed in a steel tube of
external diameter 50 mm and 10 mm thick. The shaft is required to transmit a torque
of 1000 N-m. Determine the shear stresses developed in copper and steel, if both the
shafts have equal lengths and welded to a plate at each end, so that their twists are
equal. Take modulus of rigidity for steel as twice that of copper.
5. A closely coiled helical spring made of 10 mm diameter steel wire has 15 coils of 100
mm mean diameter. The spring is subjected to an axial load of 100 N.
Calculate:
(i) The maximum shear stress induced,
(ii) The deflection , and
(iii) Stiffness of the spring.
Take modulus of rigidity, C = 8.16 × 104 N/mm2.
 DHIRAJLAL GANDHI COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, SALEM
Department of Agricultural Engineering

Year/Semester II / IV Time 2 hours

Max Marks 60 Date 25.03.2024 AN
CYCLE TEST - I
AI3403 - STRENGTH OF MATERIALS FOR AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

PART-A (10 X 2 = 20) BL COs

1 Define stress and strain. 1 1
2 State Hooke’s law. 1 1
3 Define the terms: Young’s modulus and modulus of rigidity. 2 1
4 What do you mean by Poisson’s ratio? 1 1
5 What is a bulk modulus? Derive an expression for Young’s modulus in terms of bulk 2 1
modulus and Poisson’s ratio.
6 Explain longitudinal strain and lateral strain with a neat sketch. 2 1
7 Discuss the relationship between Elastic Constants. 1 1
8 Define Hoop stress. 1 1
9 Differentiate thin cylinder & thick cylinder 2 1
10 Determine the Poisson’s ratio and bulk modulus of a material for which young’s 3 1
modulus is 1.2 x 105N/mm2 and modulus of rigidity is 4.8 x 104 N/mm2.

PART-B (2 X 13 = 26)

11 (a) An axial pull of 40000 N is acting on a bar consisting of three sections of lengths 3 1
30 cm, 25 cm and 20 cm. and of diameters 2 cm, 4 cm and 5 cm respectively. If the
Young’s modulus = 2 x 105 N/mm2 ,
Determine:
(i) Stress in each section
(ii) Total extension of the bar.
Or
(b) A brass bar, having cross-section area of 900 mm2 is subjected to axial forces as 3 1
shown in figure. In which AB = 0.6 m, BC = 0.8 m and CD = 1.0 m.

Find the total elongation of the bar. Take E = 2 x 10 5 GN/m2

12 (a) A steel rod of 2 cm diameter is enclosed centrally in a hollow copper tube of 3 1

external diameter 4 cm and internal diameter 3.5 cm. the composite bar is then
subjected to an axial pull of 5000 N. If the length of each bar is equal to 20 cm,
Determine:
(i) the stress in the rod and tube, and
(ii) Load carried by each bar.
Take E for steel = 2 x 105 N/mm2 and for copper = 1 x 105 N/mm2
 Or

(b) A steel rod of cross-sectional area 1600 mm2 and two brass rods each of cross- 3 1
sectional area of 1000 mm2 together support a load of 50 kN as shown in figure.

Find the stresses in the rods. Take E for steel = 2 x 10 5 N/mm2 and E for
Brass = 1 x 105 N/mm2.

PART-C (1 X 14 = 14)

13 (a) A rod is 3 m long at a temperature of 15⁰C. Find the expansion of the rod, when 3 1
the temperature is raised to 95⁰C. If this expansion is prevented, find the stress
induced in the material of the rod. Take E = 2 x 10 5 N/mm2 and α = 0.000012 per
degree centigrade.
Or
(b) Determine the value of Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio of a metallic bar 3 1
of length 25 cm, breadth 3 cm and depth 2 cm when the bar is subjected to an
axial compressive load of 240 kN. The decrease in length is given as 0.05 cm and
increase in breadth is 0.002.

Course Coordinator Module Coordinator HOD / Program Coordinator

 DHIRAJLAL GANDHI COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, SALEM
Department of Agricultural Engineering

Year/Semester II / IV Time 2 hours

Max Marks 60 Date 25.04.2024 AN
CYCLE TEST - II
AI3403 - STRENGTH OF MATERIALS FOR AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

PART-A (10 X 2 = 20) BL COs

1. Define Torsion. 1 4
2. What are the assumptions made in torsion equation? 2 4
3. Write the equation of Torsion. 2 4
4. Write down the expression for power transmitted by a shaft. 2 4
5. Define Polar modulus. 1 4
6. What is the power transmitted by circular shaft subjected to a torque of 700 kN-m at 3 4
110 rpm.
7. What is meant by spring? 1 4
8. What do you mean by spring index? 1 4
9. What is meant by stiffness? What is the formula for the stiffness of a close coiled 1 4
helical spring subjected to an axial load?
10. Give shear stress and deflection relation for close-coiled helical spring. 2 4

PART-B (2 X 13 = 26)
11. (a) Find the diameter of a solid shaft to transmit 115 kW of power at 225 rpm, if the 3 4
shear stress is not to exceed 80 N/mm2 and the twist shall not exceed 1° in a length of
3.25 m. Take C = 8 × 104 N/mm2.
Or
(b) A solid shaft is subjected to a torque of 1.5 kN-m. Find the necessary diameter of 3 4
the shaft, if the allowable shear stress is 55 Mpa. The allowable twist is 1° for every
20 diameters length of the shaft. Take C = 78 Gpa.

12. (a) A hollow shaft of internal and external diameters are in the ratio of 3/8 is 3 4
required to transmit 588 kW at 110 rpm. The maximum torque exceeds the mean by
20%. The shear stress is limited to 63 N/mm2 and the twist should not be more than
0.0081 rad. Calculate the external diameter required satisfying both the conditions.
Take G = 84 Gpa. Length = 3 m.
Or
(b) A solid shaft A of 50 mm diameter rotates at 250 rpm. Find the power that can be 3 4
transmitted for a limiting shear stress of 60 N/mm2 in the steel. It is proposed to
replace A by hollow shaft B of the same external diameter but with the limiting shear
stress of 75 N/mm2. Determine the internal diameter of B to transmit the same power
at the same speed.

PART-C (1 X 14 = 14)
13. (a) A shaft PQR of 0.6 m length and 0.050 m external diameter is bored for a part of 3 4
its length PQ, to a 0.025 m diameter and for the remaining length QR to a 0.035 m
diameter bore. If the shear stress is not to exceed 70 N/mm2, find the maximum
power that the shaft can transmit at a speed of 150 rpm.
If the angle of twist in the length of 0.025 m diameter bore is equal to that in the
0.035 m diameter bore, find the length of the shaft that has been bored to 0.025 m
and 0.035 m diameter.

Or
(b) A composite shaft consists of copper rod of 25 mm diameter enclosed in a steel 3 4
tube of external diameter 45 mm and 5 mm thick. The shaft is required to transmit a
torque of 1100 N-m and both the shafts have equal lengths, welded to a plate at each
end, so that their twists are equal. If the modulus of rigidity for steel as twice of
copper, find
(i) Shear stress developed in copper. (9)
(ii) Shear stress developed in steel. (5)

Course Coordinator Module Coordinator HOD / Program Coordinator

 DHIRAJLAL GANDHI COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY,SALEM
Department of Agricultural Engineering

Year/Semester II/ IV Time 3hours

Max Marks 100 Date 23.05.2024 AN
INTENSIVE COACHING TEST
AI3403 - STRENGTH OF MATERIALS FOR AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

PART-A (10 x 2 = 20) BL COs

1. Define young modulus. 1 1
2. Explain longitudinal strain and lateral strain with a neat sketch. 2 1
3. What is the procedure for finding the thermal stresses in acomposite bar? 1 1
4. Write down the formula for Maximum shear stress in thin cylinders. 1 1
5. List the methods available for analyzing the trusses. 1 2
6. State the advantages of method of section over method of joints. 1 2
7. A perfect truss consists of 7 members. Decide the number of joints. 2 2
8. List the assumptions made in the theory of torsion. 1 4
9. Explain the term spring index. 1 4
10. What is leaf spring? State the uses of leaf spring. 1 4

PART-B (5 x 13 = 65)
11. (a) A member ABCD is subjected to point loads P1, P2, P3 and P4 as shown in figure. 3 1
Calculate the force P3 necessary for equilibrium if P1 = 120 kN, P2 = 220 kN and P4 = 160
kN. Determine also the net change in the length of the member. Take E = 200 GN/m 2.

Or
(b) A compound tube consists of a steel tube of 140 mm internal diameter and 160 3 1
external diameter and an outer brass tube of 160 mm internal diameter and 180 mm
external diameter. The two tubes are of same length. The compound tube carries an
axial compression load of 900 kN. Find the stresses and the load carried by each tube
and the amount of it shortens. Length of each tube is 1500 mm. Take E for steel as
2×105 N/mm2 and for brass 1×105 N/mm2.

12. (a) A thin cylindrical shell 3 m long has 1 m internal diameter and 15 mm metal 3 1
thickness. Calculate the circumferential and longitudinal stresses induced and also
change in the dimensions of the shell, if it is subjected to an internal pressure of
2N/mm2. Take E = 2×105 N/mm2 and Poisson’s ratio = 0.3. Also calculate change in
volume.
Or
(b) A steel tube of 30 mm external diameter and 20 mm internal diameter encloses a 3 1
copper rod of 15 mm diameter to which it is rigidly joined at each end. If at a
Temperature of 10°C there is no longitudinal stress; calculate the stresses in the rod
and tube when the temperature is raised to 200°C. Take E for steel and copper as
 2.1×105 N/mm2 and 1×105 N/mm2 respectively. The value of co-efficient of linear
expansion for steel and copper is given as 11×10-6 per °C and 18×10-6per °C
respectively.

13. (a) A truss of span 7.5 m is loaded as shown in figure. Find the reactions and forces in 3 2
members of the truss.

Or
(b) Determine the forces in the truss shown in figure which carries a horizontal load of 3 2
16 kN and a vertical load of 24 kN.

14. (a) Determine the diameter of a solid shaft which will transmit 300 kW at 250 r.p.m. 3 4
The maximum shear stress should not exceed 30 N/mm 2 and twist should not be more
than 1° in a shaft length of 2 m. Take modulus of rigidity = 1×105 N/mm2.
Or
(b) A hollow shaft, having an internal diameter 40% of its external diameter, transmits 3 4
562.5 kW power at 100 r.p.m. Determine the external diameter of the shaft if the shear
stress is not to exceed 60 N/mm2 and the twist in a length of 2.5 m should not exceed
1.3 degrees. Assume maximum torque = 1.25 mean torque and modulus of rigidity =
9×104 N/mm2.

15. (a) In an open coil helical spring consists of 12 coils. The stresses due to bending and 3 4
twisting are 73 Mpa and 92Mpa respectively. When the spring is axially loaded, find the
maximum permissible load and the diameter of wire for a maximum extension of 25
mm. assume spring index as 9. E = 210 Gpa and C = 80 Gpa.
Or
(b) A closely coiled helical spring of round steel wire 10 mm in diameter having 10 3 4
complete turns with a mean diameter of 12 cm is subjected to an axial load of 200 N.
Determine the following: 1. The deflection of the spring, 2. Maximum shear stress in the
wire, 3. Stiffness of the spring. Take C = 8×10 4 N/mm2.
 PART-C (1 x 15 = 15)

16. (a) A shaft ABE of 500 mm length and 40 mm external diameter is bored for a part of its 3 4
length AB, to a 20 mm diameter and for the remaining length BC to a 30 mm diameter
bore. If the shear stress is not to exceed 80N/mm2, find the maximum power, the shaft
can transmit at a speed of 200 r.p.m.
If the angle of twist in the length of 20 mm diameter bore is equal to that in the 30 mm
diameter bore, find the length of the shaft that has been bored to 20 mm and 30 mm
diameter.

Or
(b) A plane truss is loaded and supported as shown in figure. Determine the nature and 3 2
magnitude of forces in the members 1, 2 and 3.

Course Coordinator Module Coordinator HOD/ Program Coordinator

 DHIRAJLAL GANDHI COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, SALEM
Department of Agricultural Engineering
Year/Semester II/ IV Time 3 hours
Max Marks 100 Date & Session 20.06.2024 & AN
MODEL EXAMINATIONS
AI3403 - STRENGTH OF MATERIALS FOR AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

PART - A (10 x 2 = 20) BL COs

1. Define Shear Stresses. 1 1

2. Determine the Modulus of rigidity of a material, for which Poisson's ratio of 0.25 And Young's
3 1
modulus is 1.2 x l05 N/mm².
3. What are the different methods of analyzing of trusses? 1 2
4. Define Perfect frame. 2 2
5. Draw the Shear force and Bending Moment diagram for a cantilever of length L carrying a load 3 3
W at the free end.
6. Write down the Equation for Theory of Bending. 1 3
7. Define Polar Modulus. 1 4
8. What are the different types of Springs? 1 4
9. Write down the methods to determine slope and deflection in beams? 2 5
10. Determine the deflection of Simply supported beam carrying a point load at the centre. 1 5

PART - B (5 x 13 = 65)

11. (a) Determine the value of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of a metallic bar of length 30 3 1
cm, breadth 4 cm and depth 4 cm when the bar is subjected to an axial compressive load of
400 kN. The decrease in length is given 0.075 cm and increase in breadth is 0.003 cm.
Or
(b) A cylindrical pipe of diameter 1.5 m and thickness 1.5 cm is subjected to an internal fluid 3 1
pressure of 1.2 N/mm² Determine longitudinal stress and circumferential stress
developed in a pipe.

12. (a) A truss of span 7.5 m carries a point load of 1 kN at joint D as shown in figure 12(a). Find 3 2
the reactions and forces in the member of the truss using method of joints.

Or
(b) Find the forces in the members AB, AC and BC of the truss shown in figure 12(b). Using 3 2
method of sections.
13. (a) A simply supported beam of length 6 m carries point load of 3 kN and 6 kN at distances of 3 3
2 m and 4 m from the left end. Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for the
beam.
Or
(b) A beam is simply supported and carries a uniformly distributed load of 40 kN/m run over 3 3
the whole span. The section of the beam is rectangular having depth as 500 mm. If the
maximum stress in the material of the beam is 120 N/mm² and moment of inertia of the
section is 7 x 108 mm4 find the span of the beam.

14. (a) Find the maximum shear stress induced in a solid circular shaft if diameter 15 cm when 3 4
the shaft transmits 150 kW power at 180 r.p.m.
Or
(b) A closely coiled helical spring of mean diameter 20 cm is made of 3 cm diameter rod and 3 4
has l6 turns. A weight if 3 kN is dropped in this spring. Find the height by which the weight
should be dropped before striking the spring so that the spring may be compressed by 18
cm. Take Modulus of Rigidity = 8 x 104 N/mm².

15. (a) A beam 6 m long, simply supported at its ends, is carrying a point load of 60 kN at its 3 5
centre. The moment of inertia of the beam I = 78 x 106 mm4, If E for the material of the
beam = 2.1 x 108 N/mm², Calculate the deflection at the centre of the beam and slope at the
supports.
Or
(b) A cantilever beam of length 3 m carries a point load of 10 kN at a distance of 2 m from the 3 5
fixed end. If E = 2 x 108 N/mm² and I = 108 mm4, find the slope and deflection at the free
end using conjugate beam method.

PART - C (1 x 15 = 15)

16. (a) A metallic bar 300 mm x 100 mm x 40 mm is subjected to a force of 5 kN (tensile), 6 kN 3 1

(tensile) and 4 kN (tensile) along z, y, and z directions respectively. Determine the change
in volume of the block. Take E = 2 x 105 N/mm² and Poisson's ratio = 0.25.
Or
(b) A rectangular beam 100 mm wide and 250 mm deep is subjected to a maximum shear 3
force of 50 kN Determine :
(i) Average shear stress (5)
(ii) Maximum shear stress (5)
(iii) Shear stress at a distance of 25 mm above the neutral axis. (5)

Course Coordinator Module Coordinator HOD/ Program Coordinator

*X10239* Reg. No. :

Question Paper Code : X10239 FM1204

B.E./B.Tech. Degree Examinations, april/may 2021

Third/Fourth Semester
Aeronautical Engineering
CE 8395 – strength of materials for mechanical engineers
(Common to Aerospace Engineering/Automobile Engineering/Industrial
Engineering/Industrial Engineering and Management/Manufacturing
Engineering/Marine Engineering/Material Science and Engineering/Mechanical
Engineering/Mechanical Engineering (Sandwich)/Mechanical and Automation
Engineering/Mechatronics Engineering/Production Engineering/Robotics and
Automation)
(Regulations 2017)

Time : Three Hours Maximum : 100 Marks

Answer all questions

Part – A (10×2=20 Marks)

1. Define Stress.

2. What is principle of super position ?

3. What is meant by transverse loading on beam ?

4. Define flitched beam.

5. Write down the expression for torque transmitted by hollow shaft.

6. What are the various types of springs ?

7. What are the methods for finding out the slope and deflection at a section ?

8. When Macaulay’s method is preferred ?

9. List out the modes of failure in thin cylindrical shell due to an internal pressure.

10. State Lame’s theorem.

X10239 -2- *X10239*

Part – B (5×13=65 Marks)

11. a) A tensile test was conducted on a mild steel bar. The following data was obtained
from the test.
i) Diameter of the steel bar = 3 cm
ii) Gauge length of the bar = 20 cm
iii) Load at elastic limit = 250 kN
iv) Extension at a load of 150 kN = 0.21 mm
v) Maximum load = 380 kN
vi) Total extension = 60 mm
vii) Diameter of rod at failure = 2.25 cm
Determine : 1) The Young’s modulus (2) The stress at elastic limit (3) The
percentage of elongation (4) The percentage decreases in area.
(OR)
b) At a certain point in a strained material, the intensities of stresses on two planes
at right angles to each other are 20 N/mm2 and 10 N/mm2 both tensile. They
are accompanied by a shear stress of magnitude 10 N/mm2. Find the location
of principal plane and evaluate the principal stresses.

12. a) A cantilever 1.5 m long is loaded with a UDL of 2 kN/m run over a length of
1.25 m from the free end. It also carries a point load of 3 kN at a distance of
0.25m from the free end. Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams
of the cantilever.
(OR)
b) A rectangular beam 100 mm wide and 250 mm deep is subjected to a maximum
shear force of 50 kN. Determine
i) Average shear stress
ii) Maximum shear stress
iii) Shear stress at a distance of 25 mm above the neutral axis.

13. a) A hollow shaft of external diameter 120 mm transmits 300 kW power at

200 r.p.m. Determine the maximum internal diameter if the maximum stress
in the shaft is not to exceed 60 N/mm2.
(OR)
b) Find the expression for the close – coiled helical spring at the centre due to
axial load ‘W’.
*X10239* -3- X10239

14. a)

fig. 1.
A two metres long cantilever of rectangular section 150 mm wide and 300 mm
deep is loaded as shown in fig. 1. Calculate the deflection at the free end. Take
E = 10.5 GN/m2.
(OR)
b) A simply supported beam of span ‘l’ is carrying concentrated ‘W’ at the centre
and a UDL of intensity of ‘w’ per unit length. Show that Maxwell’s reciprocal
theorem holds good at the centre of the beam

15. a) A cylindrical Shell 3 m long which is closed as the ends an internal diameter
of one metre and a wall thickness of 15 mm. Calculate the circumferential and
longitudinal stresses induced and also changes in the dimensions of the shell,
if it is subjected to an internal pressure of 1.5 N/mm2 and m = 0.3.
(OR)
b) Find the thickness of metal necessary for a cylindrical shell of internal diameter
160 mm to withstand an internal pressure of 8 N/mm2. The maximum hoop
stress in the section is not to exceed 35 N/mm2.
Part – C (1×15=15 Marks)
16. a) The bar shown in fig. 2 is subjected to a tensile load of 160 kN. If the stress in the
middle portion is limited to 150 N/mm2, determine the diameter of the middle
portion. Find also the length of the middle portion if the total elongation of the
bar is to be 0.2 mm. Young’s modulus is given as equal to 2.1 × 105 N/mm2.

fig. 2
(OR)
b) A simply supported beam of length 4 m carries a point load of 3 kN at a distance
of 1 m from each end. If E = 2 × 105 N/mm2 and I = 108 mm4 for the beam, then
using conjugate beam method determine :
i) Slope at each end and under each load.
ii) Deflection under each load and at the centre.

__________________________
 QUESTION BANK

CE 8395 - STRENGTH OF MATERIALS FOR

MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

UNIT I STRESS STRAIN DEFORMATION OF SOLIDS

PART- A (2 Marks)

1. What is Hooke’s Law?

2. What are the Elastic Constants?
3. Define Poisson’s Ratio.
4. Define: Resilience
5. Define proof resilience
6. Define modulus of resilience.
7. Define principal planes and principal stresses.
8. Define stress and strain.
9. Define Shear stress and Shear strain.
10. Define elastic limit.
11. Define volumetric strain.
12. Define tensile stress and compressive stress.
13. Define young’s Modulus.
14. What is the use of Mohr’s circle?
15. Define thermal stress.
16. Define Bulk modulus.
17. What is modulus of rigidity?
18. Define factor of safety.
19. State the relationship between young’s modulus and modulus of rigidity..
20. What is compound bar?
21. A cylindrical pipe of diameter 1.5 m and thickness 1.5 cm is subjected to an internal
fluid pressure of 1.2 N/mm2. Determine the longitudinal stress developed in the pipe.
22. Find the thickness of the pipe due to an internal pressure of 10 N/mm2 if the
permissible stress is 120 N/mm2. The diameter of pipe is 750 mm.
23. The principal stress at a point are 100 N/mm2 (tensile) and 50 N/mm2 (compressive)
respectively. Calculate the maximum shear stress at this point.
24. A spherical shell of 1 m diameter is subjected to an internal pressure 0.5N/mm 2. Find
the thickness if the thickness of the shell, if the allowable stress in the material of the
shell is 75 N/mm2.
25. Normal stresses s x and s y and shear stress t act at a point. Find the principal stresses
and the principal planes.
26. Derive an expression for the longitudinal stress in a thin cylinder subjected to an
uniform internal fluid pressure.
27. Distinguish between thick and thin cylinders.
28. What is mean by compressive and tensile force?

Prepared By : Prof . N.Panneerselvam M.E (Ph.D), Sr.AP/Mech/DGCT

42
29. How will you determine the forces in a member by method of joints?
30. Define thin cylinder?
31. What are types of stress in a thin cylindrical vessel subjected to internal pressure?
32. What is mean by Circumferential stress (or hoop stress) and Longitudinal stress?
33. What are the formula for finding circumferential stress and longitudinal stress?
34. What are the formula for finding circumferential strain and longitudinal strain?
35. What are the formula for finding change in diameter, change in length and change
volume of a cylindrical shell subjected to internal fluid pressure p?
36. 1Distinguish between Circumferential stress (or hoop stress) and Longitudinal stress?
37. Find the thickness of the pipe due to an internal pressure of 10 N/mm 2 if the
permissible stress is 120 N/mm2. The diameter of pipe is 750 mm.
38. What do you mean by a thick compound cylinder? how will you determine the hoop
stresses in a thick compound cylinder?
39. What are the different methods of reducing hoop stresses?

PART- B (16 Marks)

1. A Mild steel rod of 20 mm diameter and 300 mm long is enclosed centrally inside a
hollow copper tube of external diameter 30 mm and internal diameter 25 mm. The
ends of the rod and tube are brazed together, and the composite bar is subjected to an
axial pull of 40 kN. If E for steel and copper is 200 GN/m2 and 100 GN/m2
respectively, find the stresses developed in the rod and the tube also find the extension
of the rod.

2. A cast iron flat 300 mm long and 30 mm (thickness) × 60 mm (width) uniform cross
section, is acted upon by the following forces : 30 kN tensile in the direction of the
length 360 kN compression in the direction of the width 240 kN tensile in the direction
of the thickness. Calculate the direct strain, net strain in each direction and change in
volume of the flat.Assume the modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio for cast iron as
140 kN/mm2 and 0.25 respectively.

3. A bar of 30 mm diameter is subjected to a pull of 60 kN. The measured extension on

gauge length of 200 mm is 0.09 mm and the change in diameter is 0.0039 mm.
calculate the Poisson’s ratio and the values of the three moduli.

Prepared By : Prof . N.Panneerselvam M.E (Ph.D), Sr.AP/Mech/DGCT

43
4. The bar shown in fig. is subjected to a tensile load of 160 KN. If the stress in the middle
portion is limited to 150 N/mm2 , determine the diameter of the middle portion. Find
also the length of the middle portion if the total elongation of the bar is to be 0.2mm.
young’s modulus is given as equal to 2.1 x 105 N/mm2.

9. A member ABCD is subjected to point loads P1, P2, P3, P4 as shown in fig. calculate
the force P2 necessary for equilibrium, if P1 = 45 KN, P3 = 450 KN and P4 = 139
KN. Determine the total elongation of the member, assuming the modulus of elasticity
to be 2.1 x 105 N/mm2

5. A steel rod of 20mm diameter passes centrally through a copper tube of 50mm
external diameter and 40mm internal diameter. The tube is closed at each end by rigid
plates of negligible thickness. The nuts are tightened lightly home on the projecting
parts of the rod. If the temperature of the assembly is raised by 50˚C, calculate the
stress developed in copper and steel. Take E for steel and copper as 200 GN/m2 and
100 GN/m2 and α for steel and copper as 12 x 10 per ˚C and 18 x 10-6 per ˚C.

6. Two vertical rods one of steel and the other of copper are each rigidly fixed at the
top and 50cm apart. Diameters and lengths of each rod are 2cm and 4m respectively.
A cross bar fixed to the rods at the lower ends carries a load of 5000 N such that the
cross bar remains horizontal even after loading. Find the stress in each rod and the
position of the load on the bar. Take E for steel 2x105 N/mm2 and for Copper = 1 x105
N/mm2

Prepared By : Prof . N.Panneerselvam M.E (Ph.D), Sr.AP/Mech/DGCT

44
7. Drive the relationship between modulus of elasticity and modulus of rigidity.
Calculate the modulus of rigidity and bulk modulus of a cylindrical bar of diameter 30
mm and of length 1.5 m if the longitudinal strain in a bar during a tensile stress is four
times the lateral strain.
Find the change in volume, when the bar is subjected to a hydrostatic pressure of 10
N/mm2. Take E = 1X 105 N/mm2 what are the different types of machining operations
that can be performed on a lathe? And explain any six in detail.
(A). Find the young’s modulus of a rod of diameter 30mm and of length 300mm
which is subjected to a tensile load of 60 KN and the extension of the rod is equal to 0.4
mm.
(B). The ultimate stress for a hollow steel column which carries an axial load of 2MN is
500 N/mm2 .If the external diameter of the column is 250mm, determine the internal
diameter Take the factor of safety as 4.0

8. The extension in a rectangular steel bar of length 400mm and thickness 3mm is found be
0.21mm .The bar tapers uniformly in width from 20mm to 60mm E for the bar is 2x
105 N/mm 2. Determine the axial load on the bar.

9. A thin cylinder 1.5 m internal diameter and 5 m long is subjected to an internal pressure
of 2 N/mm2. If the maximum stress is limited to 160 N/mm 2, find the thickness of the
cylinder. E = 200 kN/mm2 and Poisson’s ratio = 0.3. Also find the changes in diameter,
length and volume of the cylinder.

10. At a point in a strained material the horizontal tensile stress is 80 N/mm2 and the
vertical compressive stress is 140 N/mm 2. The shear stress is 40N/mm2. Find the principal
stresses and the principal planes. Find also the maximum shear stress and its planes.

11. A thin cylindrical shell 3 m long has 1m internal diameter and 15 mm metal thickness.
Calculate the circumferential and longitudinal stresses induced and also the change in the
dimensions of the shell, if it is subjected to an internal pressure of1.5 N/mm 2 Take E =
2x105 N/mm2 and poison’s ratio =0.3. Also calculate change in volume.

12 . A closed cylindrical vessel made of steel plates 4 mm thick with plane ends, carries fluid
under pressure of 3 N/mm2 The diameter of the cylinder is 25 cm and length is75 cm.
Calculate the longitudinal and hoop stresses in the cylinder wall and determine the change
in diameter, length and Volume of the cylinder. Take E=2.1x105 N/mm2 and 1/m = 0.286.

13. A cylindrical shell 3 m long, 1 m internal diameter and 10 mm thick is subjected to an

internal pressure of 1.5 N/mm2. Calculate the changes in length, diameter and volume of
the cylinder. E = 200 kN/mm2, Poisson’s ratio = 0.3.

14 . A steel cylindrical shell 3 m long which is closed at its ends, had an internal diameter of
1.5 m and a wall thickness of 20 mm. Calculate the circumferential and longitudinal stress
induced and also the change in dimensions of the shell if it is subjected to an internal
pressure of 1.0N/mm2. Assume the modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio for steel as
200kN/mm2 and 0.3 respectively.

Prepared By : Prof . N.Panneerselvam M.E (Ph.D), Sr.AP/Mech/DGCT

45
15. . A cylindrical shell 3 m long which is closed at the ends has an internal diameter 1m
and wall thickness of 15 mm. Calculate the change in dimensions and change in volume if
the internal pressure is 1.5 N/mm2,E = 2 x 105 N/min2, μ= 0.3.

16. A cylindrical shell 3 m long which is closed at the ends, has an internal diameter of 1m
and a wall thickness of 20 mm. Calculate the circumferential and longitudinal stresses
induced and also changes in the dimensions of the shell, if it is subjected to an internal
pressure of 2.0 N/mm2. Take E = 2 X 105 N/mm2 and — 1= 0.3.m

17. A closed cylindrical vessel made of steel plates 5 mm thick with plane ends, carries fluid
under pressure of 6 N/mm2 The diameter of the cylinder is 35cm and length is 85 cm.
Calculate the longitudinal and hoop stresses in the cylinder wall and determine the change
in diameter, length and Volume of the cylinder. Take E=2.1x105 N/mm2 and 1/m = 0.286

18. Determine the maximum hoop stress across the section of a pipe of external diameter
600mm and internal diameter 440mm. when the pipe is subjected to an internal fluid
pressure of 50N/mm2.

Prepared By : Prof . N.Panneerselvam M.E (Ph.D), Sr.AP/Mech/DGCT

46
 UNIT-II: ANALYSIS OF PLANE TRUSSES

1. Distinguish between perfect and imperfect frame?

2. Compare and contrast deficient and redundant frame.
3. Justify how method of joints applied to Trusses carrying Horizontal and inclined loads
4. Discuss the assumptions made in finding out the forces in a frame?
5. List the methods available for analyzing the frames.
6. Differentiate a frame and truss.
7. State the advantages of method of section over method of joints.
8. A perfect frame consists of 7 members. Decide the number of joints.
9. Show the difference between a cantilever and simply supported frame? How will you find the
reactions in both the cases?
10. Differentiate a strut from tie
11. What are the types of framed structures?
12. What are the methods used in determining the stresses in a framed structure?
13. What is a frame?
14. How are frames classified?
15. What is a perfect frame?
16. Define strut.
17. Define tie.
18. A perfect frame consists of 4 joints. Decide the number of members.
19. Identify whether the given truss is determinate or indeterminate

20. List out the types of analytical methods in determining the forces in a frame.
21. Name any two types of trusses with a neat sketch.
22. List down the types of trusses.
23. What is a truss?
24. A plane truss with applied loads is shown in the figure. List out the members which do not carry
any force.

25. Identify whether the given truss is determinate or indeterminate

47
 PART - B
1. Determine the forces in various members of the truss as shown in figure by method of tension
coefficient.

2. Determine the forces in various members of the truss as shown in figure by

3. Determine the forces in various members of the truss as shown in figure by method of joints.

4. Determine the forces in various members of the truss as shown in figure.

5. Determine the forces in various members of the truss as shown in figure.

48
 6. Determine the forces in various members of the truss as shown in figure by method of tension
coefficient.

7. Determine the forces in various members of the truss as shown in figure by method of tension
coefficient.

8. Determine the forces in various members of the truss as shown in figure by method of joints.

9. Determine the forces in various members of the truss as shown in figure.

49
10. Determine the forces in various members of the truss as shown in figure.

11. A truss is loaded as shown in the figure. Determine the forces in all the members of truss.

50
 UNIT III - BEAMS – LOADS AND STRESSES
PART- A (2 Marks)

1. State the different types of supports.

2. What is cantilever beam?
3. Write the equation for the simple bending theory.
4. What do you mean by the point of contraflexure?
5. What is mean by positive or sagging BM?
6. Define shear force and bending moment.
7. What is Shear stress diagram?
8. What is Bending moment diagram?
9. What are the different types of loading?
10. Write the assumption in the theory of simple bending.
11. What are the types of beams?
12. When will bending moment is maximum.
13. Write down relations for maximum shear force and bending moment in
case of a cantilever beam subjected to uniformly distributed load running
over entire span.
14. Draw the shear force diagram for a cantilever beam of span 4 m and
carrying a point load of 50 KN at mid span.
15. Sketch (a) the bending stress distribution (b) shear stress distribution for a
beam of rectangular cross section.
16. A cantilever beam 3 m long carries a load of 20 KN at its free end.
Calculate the shear force and bending moment at a section 2 m from the
free end.
17. Derive the relation between the intensity of load and shear force, in
bending theory.
18. A clockwise moment M is applied at the free end of a cantilever. Draw the
SF and BM diagrams for the cantilever.
19. What is maximum bending moment in a simply supported beam of span
‘L’ subjected to UDL of ‘w’ over entire span?
20. What is mean by negative or hogging BM?
21. Define the term Flexural Rigidity.
22. Draw shear force and bending moment diagram a cantilever beam of length ‘L’ is
subjected with Load ‘W” at free end.
PART- B (16 Marks)
1. Three blanks of each 50 x200 mm timber are built up to a symmetrical I section for a
beam. The maximum shear force over the beam is 4KN. Propose an alternate
rectangular section of the same material so that the maximum shear stress developed is
same in both. sections. Assume then width of the section to be 2/3 of the depth.
2. A beam of uniform section 10 m long carries a udl of 2KN/m for the entire length
and a concentrated load of 10 KN at right end. The beam is freely supported at the
left end. Find the position of the second support so that the maximum bending
moment in the beam is as minimum as possible. Also compute the maximum bending
moment
3. A beam of size 150 mm wide, 250 mm deep carries a uniformly distributed load of

51
 w kN/m over entire span of 4 m. A concentrated load 1 kN is acting at a distance of
1.2 m from the left support. If the bending stress at a section 1.8 m from the left
support is not to exceed 3.25 N/mm find the load w.
4. A cantilever of 2m length carries a point load of 20 KN at 0.8 m from the fixed
end and another point of 5 KN at the free end. In addition, a u.d.l. of 15 KN/m is
spread over the entire length of the cantilever. Draw the S.F.D, and B.M.D.
5. A Simply supported beam of effective span 6 m carries three point loads of 30 KN,
25 KN and 40 KN at 1m, 3m and 4.5m respectively from the left support. Draw the
SFD and BMD. Indicating values at salient points.
6. A Simply supported beam of length 6 metres carries a udl of 20KN/m throughout
its length and a point of 30 KN at 2 metres from the right support. Draw the shear
force and bending moment diagram. Also find the position and magnitude of
maximum Bending moment.
7. A Simply supported beam 6 metre span carries udl of 20 KN/m for left half of span
and two point loads of 25 KN end 35 KN at 4 m and 5 m from left support. Find
maximum SF and BM and their location drawing SF and BM diagrams.
8. A cantilever 1.5m long is loaded with a uniformly distribution load of 2 kN/m run
over a length of 1.25m from the free end it also carries a point load of 3kn at a
distance of 0.25m from the free end. Draw the shear force and bending moment
diagram of the cantilever.
9. For the simply supported beam loaded as shown in Fig. , draw the shear force
diagram and bending moment diagram. Also, obtain the maximum bending moment.

10. A cast iron beam is of T-section as shown in Fig. The beam is simply supported on a
span of 6 m. The beam carries a uniformly distributed load of 2kN/m on the entire
length (span). Determine the maximum tensile and maximum compressive stress.

52
 UNIT IV TORSION ON SHAFTS AND SPRINGS
PART-A (2 Marks)

1. Define torsional rigidity of the solid circular shaft.

2. Distinguish between closed coil helical spring and open coil helical spring.
3. What is meant by composite shaft?
4. What is called Twisting moment?
5. What is Polar Modulus ?
6. Define: Torsional rigidity of a shaft.
7. What do mean by strength of a shaft?
8. Write down the equation for Wahl factor.
9. Define: Torsional stiffness.
10. What are springs? Name the two important types.
11. How will you find maximum shear stress induced in the wire of a close-coiled helical
spring carrying an axial load?
12. Write the expressions for stiffness of a close coiled helical spring.
13. Find the minimum diameter of shaft required to transmit a torque of 29820 Nm
if the maximum shear stress is not to exceed 45 N/mm2 .
14. Find the torque which a shaft of 50 mm diameter can transmit safely, if the allowable
shear stress is 75 N/mm2 .
15. Differentiate open coiled helical spring from the close coiled helical spring and state the
type of stress induced in each spring due to an axial load.
16. State any two functions of springs.
17. Write the polar modulus for solid shaft and circular shaft.
18. What are the assumptions made in Torsion equation
19. Write an expression for the angle of twist for a hollow circular shaft with
external diameter D, internal diameter d, length l and rigidity modulus G.
20. What is spring index?
PART- B (16 Marks)
1. Determine the diameter of a solid shaft which will transmit 300 KN at 250 rpm. The
maximum shear stress should not exceed 30 N/mm2 and twist should not be more
than 10 in a shaft length 2m. Take modulus of rigidity = 1 x 105 N/mm2.

2. The stiffness of the closed coil helical spring at mean diameter 20 cm is made of 3
cm diameter rod and has 16 turns. A weight of 3 KN is dropped on this spring. Find the
height by which the weight should be dropped before striking the spring so that the
spring may be compressed by 18 cm. Take C= 8x104N/mm2.

3. It is required to design a closed coiled helical spring which shall deflect 1mm under
an axial load of 100 N at a shear stress of 90 Mpa. The spring is to be made of round
wire having shear modulus of 0.8 x 105 Mpa. The mean diameter of the coil is 10 times
that of the coil wire. Find the diameter and length of the wire.
53
 4. A steel shaft ABCD having a total length of 2400 mm is contributed by three
different sections as follows. The portion AB is hollow having outside and inside
diameters 80 mm and 50 mm respectively, BC is solid and 80 mm diameter. CD is also
solid and 70 mm diameter. If the angle of twist is same for each section, determine the
length of each portion and the total angle of twist. Maximum permissible shear stress is
50 Mpa and shear modulus 0.82 x 105MPa

5. The stiffness of close coiled helical spring is 1.5 N/mm of compression under a maximum
load of 60 N. The maximum shear stress in the wire of the spring is 125 N/mm2. The
solid length of the spring (when the coils are touching) is 50 mm. Find the diameter of
coil, diameter of wire and number of coils. C = 4.5.

6. Calculate the power that can be transmitted at a 300 r.p.m. by a hollow steel shaft of
75 mm external diameter and 50 mm internal diameter when the permissible shear stress
for the steel is 70 N/mm2 and the maximum torque is 1.3 times the mean. Compare the
strength of this hollow shaft with that of an solid shaft. The same material, weight and
length of both the shafts are the same.

7. A solid cylindrical shaft is to transmit 300 kN power at 100 rpm. If the shear stress is
not to exceed 60 N/mm2 , find its diameter. What percent saving in weight would be
obtained if this shaft is replaced by a hollow one whose internal diameter equals to 0.6
of the external diameter, the length, the material and maximum shear stress being the
same.

8. A helical spring of circular cross-section wire 18 mm in diameter is loaded by a force of

500 N. The mean coil diameter of the spring is 125mm. The modulus of rigidity is 80
kN/mm2. Determine the maximum shear stress in the material of the spring. What
number of coils must the spring have for its deflection to be 6 mm?

9. A close coiled helical spring is to have a stiffness of 1.5 N/mm of compression under a
maximum load of 60 N. the maximum shearing stress produced in the wire of the spring
is 125 N/mm2.The solid length of the spring is 50mm. Find the diameter of coil, diameter
of wire and number of coils .C = 4.5 xl04N/mm2
10. A closely coiled helical spring of round steel wire 10 mm in diameter having 10
complete turns with a mean diameter of 12 cm is subjected to an axial load of 250 N.
Determine I. the deflection of the spring II. Maximum shear stress in the wire and III.
Stiffness of the spring and IV. Frequency of vibration. Take C = 0.8 x 105 N/mm 2.

54
 UNIT V – DEFLECTION of BEAMS

PART-A (2 Marks)
1. State the condition for the use of Macaulay’s method.
2. What is the maximum deflection in a simply supported beam subjected to uniformly
distributed load over the entire span?
3. Calculate the maximum deflection of a simply supported beam carrying a point load of
100 KN at mid span. Span = 6 m, E= 20000 kn/m2.
4. A cantilever beam of spring 2 m is carrying a point load of 20 kn at its free end.
Calculate the slope at the free end. Assume EI = 12 x 103 KN/m2.
5. Calculate the effective length of a long column, whose actual length is 4 m when: a.
Both ends are fixed b. One end fixed while the other end is free.
6. A cantilever is subjected to a point load W at the free end. What is the slope and
deflection at the free end?
7. What are the methods for finding out the slope and deflection at a section?
8. Why moment area method is more useful, when compared with double integration?
9. Explain the Theorem for conjugate beam method?
10. What are the points to be worth for conjugate beam method?
11. What are the advantages of Macaulay method over the double integration method,
for finding the slope and deflections of beams?
3
12. A cantilever beam of spring 4 m is carrying a point load of 2x10 Nat its free end.
Calculate the slope at the free end. Assume EI = 2 X105 N/mm2.
13. What is meant by flitched beam?
14. State Maxwell’s reciprocal theorem.

PART-B (16 Marks)

1. A beam AB of length 8 m is simply supported at its ends and carries two point loads
of 50 kN and 40 kN at a distance of 2 m and 5 m respectively from left support A.
Determine, deflection under each load, maximum deflection and the position at which
maximum deflection occurs. Take E = 2 x 105 N/mm2 and I = 8.5 X106 mm4.

2. For the cantilever beam shown in Fig.3. Find the deflection and slope at the free end. EI
= 10000 kN/m2
3. A beam is simply supported at its ends over a span of 10 m and carries two concentrated
loads of 100 kN and 60 kN at a distance of 2 m and 5 m respectively from the left
support. Calculate (i) slope at the left support (ii)slope and deflection under the 100 kN
load. Assume EI = 36 x 104 kN-m2
4. A 3 m long cantilever of uniform rectangular cross–section 150 mm wide and 300 mm
deep is loaded with a point load of 3 kN at the free end and a udl of 2 kN/m over the
entire length. Find the maximum deflection. E = 210 kN/mm 2. Use Macaulay’s method.
5. A simply supported beam of span 6 m is subjected to a udl of 2 kN/m over the entire
span and a point load of 3 kN at 4 m from the left support. Find the deflection under the
point load in terms of EI. Use strain energy method.

55
6. A simply supported beam of uniform flexural rigidity EI and span l, carries two
symmetrically placed loads P at one–third of the span from each end. Find the slope at
the supports and the deflection at mid–span. Use moment area theorems.

7. Derive double integration method for cantilever beam concentrated load at free end.

8. Determine the section of a hollow C.I. cylindrical column 5 m long with ends firmly built
in. The column has to carry an axial compressive load of 588.6 KN. The internal diameter
of the column is 0.75 times the external diameter. Use Rankine’s constants. a = 1 / 1600,
σc = 57.58 kN/m2 and F.O.S = 6.

56