Java Files

File handling is an important part of any application.

Java has several methods for creating, reading, updating, and deleting files.

Java File Handling

The File class from the java.io package, allows us to work with files.

To use the File class, create an object of the class, and specify the filename or directory name:

Example

import java.io.File; // Import the File class

File myObj = new File("filename.txt"); // Specify the filename

The File class has many useful methods for creating and getting information about files. For
example:

Method Type Description

canRead() Boolean Tests whether the file is readable or not

canWrite() Boolean Tests whether the file is writable or not

createNewFile() Boolean Creates an empty file

delete() Boolean Deletes a file

exists() Boolean Tests whether the file exists

getName() String Returns the name of the file

getAbsolutePath() String Returns the absolute pathname of the file

length() Long Returns the size of the file in bytes

list() String[] Returns an array of the files in the directory

mkdir() Boolean Creates a directory

Create a File

To create a file in Java, you can use the createNewFile() method. This method returns a boolean
value: true if the file was successfully created, and false if the file already exists. Note that the
method is enclosed in a try...catch block. This is necessary because it throws an IOException if
an error occurs (if the file cannot be created for some reason):

import java.io.File; // Import the File class

import java.io.IOException; // Import the IOException class to handle errors

public class CreateFile {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

File myObj = new File("filename.txt");

if (myObj.createNewFile()) {

System.out.println("File created: " + myObj.getName());

} else {

System.out.println("File already exists.");

} catch (IOException e) {

System.out.println("An error occurred.");

e.printStackTrace();

}
}

The output will be:

File created: filename.txt

To create a file in a specific directory (requires permission), specify the path of the file and use
double backslashes to escape the "\" character (for Windows). On Mac and Linux you can just
write the path, like: /Users/name/filename.txt

Example

File myObj = new File("C:\\Users\\MyName\\filename.txt");

Write To a File
In the following example, we use the FileWriter class together with its write() method to write
some text to the file we created in the example above. Note that when you are done writing to the
file, you should close it with the close() method:

Example

import java.io.FileWriter; // Import the FileWriter class

import java.io.IOException; // Import the IOException class to handle errors

public class WriteToFile {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

FileWriter myWriter = new FileWriter("filename.txt");

myWriter.write("Files in Java might be tricky, but it is fun enough!");

myWriter.close();

System.out.println("Successfully wrote to the file.");

} catch (IOException e) {

System.out.println("An error occurred.");

e.printStackTrace();

}
 }

The output will be:

Successfully wrote to the file.

Read a File

In the following example, we use the Scanner class to read the contents of the text file we created
in the previous chapter:

ExampleGet your own Java Server

import java.io.File; // Import the File class

import java.io.FileNotFoundException; // Import this class to handle errors

import java.util.Scanner; // Import the Scanner class to read text files

public class ReadFile {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

File myObj = new File("filename.txt");

Scanner myReader = new Scanner(myObj);

while (myReader.hasNextLine()) {

String data = myReader.nextLine();

System.out.println(data);

myReader.close();

} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

System.out.println("An error occurred.");

e.printStackTrace();
 }

The output will be:

Files in Java might be tricky, but it is fun enough!

Delete a File

To delete a file in Java, use the delete() method:

ExampleGet your own Java Server

import java.io.File; // Import the File class

public class DeleteFile {

public static void main(String[] args) {

File myObj = new File("filename.txt");

if (myObj.delete()) {

System.out.println("Deleted the file: " + myObj.getName());

} else {

System.out.println("Failed to delete the file.");

The output will be:

Deleted the file: filename.txt

Delete a Folder

You can also delete a folder. However, it must be empty:

Example

import java.io.File;

public class DeleteFolder {

public static void main(String[] args) {

File myObj = new File("C:\\Users\\MyName\\Test");

if (myObj.delete()) {

System.out.println("Deleted the folder: " + myObj.getName());

} else {

System.out.println("Failed to delete the folder.");

The output will be:

Deleted the folder: Test

Java I/O

The java.io package contains nearly every class you might ever need to perform input and output
(I/O) in Java. All these streams represent an input source and an output destination. The stream
in the java.io package supports many data such as primitives, object, localized characters, etc.

Streams

A stream can be defined as a sequence of data. There are two kinds of Streams −

 InPutStream − The InputStream is used to read data from a source.

 OutPutStream − The OutputStream is used for writing data to a destination.

Java provides strong but flexible support for I/O related to files and networks but this tutorial
covers very basic functionality related to streams and I/O. We will see the most commonly used
examples one by one −

Byte Streams
Java byte streams are used to perform input and output of 8-bit bytes. Though there are many
classes related to byte streams but the most frequently used classes
are, FileInputStream and FileOutputStream. Following is an example which makes use of
these two classes to copy an input file into an output file −

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class CopyFile {

public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {

FileInputStream in = null;
FileOutputStream out = null;

try {
in = new FileInputStream("input.txt");
out = new FileOutputStream("output.txt");

int c;
while ((c = in.read()) != -1) {
out.write(c);
}
}finally {
 if (in != null) {
in.close();
}
if (out != null) {
out.close();
}
}
}
}

Now let's have a file input.txt with the following content −

This is test for copy file.

As a next step, compile the above program and execute it, which will result in creating output.txt
file with the same content as we have in input.txt. So let's put the above code in CopyFile.java
file and do the following −

$javac CopyFile.java
$java CopyFile

Character Streams
Java Byte streams are used to perform input and output of 8-bit bytes, whereas
Java Character streams are used to perform input and output for 16-bit unicode. Though there
are many classes related to character streams but the most frequently used classes
are, FileReader and FileWriter. Though internally FileReader uses FileInputStream and
FileWriter uses FileOutputStream but here the major difference is that FileReader reads two
bytes at a time and FileWriter writes two bytes at a time.

We can re-write the above example, which makes the use of these two classes to copy an input
file (having unicode characters) into an output file −

Example

import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;

public class CopyFile {

public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {

FileReader in = null;
FileWriter out = null;

try {
in = new FileReader("input.txt");
out = new FileWriter("output.txt");
 int c;
while ((c = in.read()) != -1) {
out.write(c);
}
}finally {
if (in != null) {
in.close();
}
if (out != null) {
out.close();
}
}
}
}

Now let's have a file input.txt with the following content −

This is test for copy file.

As a next step, compile the above program and execute it, which will result in creating output.txt
file with the same content as we have in input.txt. So let's put the above code in CopyFile.java
file and do the following −

$javac CopyFile.java
$java CopyFile

Java User Input

The Scanner class is used to get user input, and it is found in the java.util package.

To use the Scanner class, create an object of the class and use any of the available methods found
in the Scanner class documentation. In our example, we will use the nextLine() method, which is
used to read Strings:

Example

import java.util.Scanner; // Import the Scanner class

class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner myObj = new Scanner(System.in); // Create a Scanner object

 System.out.println("Enter username");

String userName = myObj.nextLine(); // Read user input

System.out.println("Username is: " + userName); // Output user input

OUTPUT:
Enter username
Rani
Username is: rani