Computer Graphics & Multimedia

OBJECTIVES (2022)

Fill in the blanks:

(a) In a color CRT monitor, there are three beams, each for three primary colors, which are
red, green, and blue.

(b) The time it takes the emitted light from the screen to decay to one-tenth of its original
intensity is called persistence.

(c) Refresh rate is measured in Hertz (Hz).

(d) Eliminating the portion of the object(s) that does not contribute to the final image is called
clipping.

(e) Bitmap is a collection of pixels that describes an image.

(f) In a graphics program, applying color to a graphics object such as a rectangle, circle, or
polygon is referred to as filling.

(g) Non-uniform scaling results in distortion.

(h) Phong reflection model is used to calculate the intensity of light that is reflected at a given
point on a surface.

Write full form of the following:

(a) PNG: Portable Network Graphics

(b) JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group

(c) FLAC: Free Lossless Audio Codec

(d) MP4: MPEG-4 Part 14

(e) AVI: Audio Video Interleave

(f) TIFF: Tagged Image File Format

(g) MKV: Matroska Video

(h) WMV: Windows Media Video

(i) AAC: Advanced Audio Coding

(j) WAV: Waveform Audio File Format

2019

(a) 60 Hz is the minimum refresh rate for a good quality monitor.

(b) 1280x720 is the minimum HD resolution.

(c) A rectangular region in screen space used during clipping is called viewport.

(d) Directionless light that exists in an environment but does not seem to come from a
particular source is called ambient light.

(e) Aspect ratio is the ratio of the width 'w' to the height 'h' of the rectangle, expressed as a
ratio w

(f) A point that does not lie on the curve but is used to help control the shape of the curve is
called control point.

(g) The process of producing a 2D image from a 3D scene is called rendering.

(h) In 2D & 3D transformations, moving an object from one position to another is called
translation.

(i) The coordinate system in which a scene is defined is the world coordinate system.

(j) Sweeping an object along a trajectory through space defines a new object called a sweep
object.

Write one or two sentences about the following:

(a) Scanner: A scanner is a device used to convert physical documents or images into digital
format by capturing them using light and sensors.

(b) Shadow Mask: A shadow mask is a thin metal sheet with tiny holes used in CRT displays
to ensure electron beams hit the correct phosphor dots, producing clear colors.

(c) JPEG: JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a commonly used image compression
format that reduces file size with minimal loss of image quality.

(d) Hypergraphics: Hypergraphics refers to the use of complex and advanced visual
representations to convey information, often combining text, images, and graphics for
enhanced communication.

(e) Polygon Mesh: A polygon mesh is a collection of connected polygons used to model 3D
objects in computer graphics, with each polygon representing a small facet of the surface.
(f) Halftoning: Halftoning is a printing technique that simulates continuous tones using dots
of varying sizes or spacing to create the illusion of gradients in black-and-white or color
images.

(g) Animation: Animation is the process of creating the illusion of motion by displaying a
sequence of images or frames rapidly, used in films, games, and digital media.

(h) HDMI: HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) is a digital interface used to

transmit high-quality video and audio signals between devices like TVs, computers, and
gaming consoles.

(i) Eight-way Symmetry of a Circle: Eight-way symmetry in a circle refers to the geometric
property where a circle looks the same when rotated by 45 degrees, allowing efficient
algorithms for drawing circles.

(j) Shearing: Shearing is a transformation that distorts an object by shifting its sides in one
direction, making shapes appear slanted without changing their overall area.

2015

A. The correct answer is:

(ii) Rectangle – A rectangle is an example of 2D graphics.

B. The correct answer is:

(iii) .flv – FLV is a video format, not an image format.

C. The correct answer is:

(ii) Pattern detection and recognition – This deals with detecting standard patterns and
finding deviations.

D. The correct answer is:

(iv) Mid-point subdivision algorithm – This is a clipping algorithm.

E. The correct answer is:

(i) Raster graphics – A photographic image is an example of raster graphics.

True or False

A. mp3 is an uncompressed audio format. - FALSE

B. Scaling can be uniform and non-uniform. - TRUE

C. Electron gun is a part of the CRT monitor. - TRUE

D. Avi stands for audio video internet. - FALSE

E. Boundary fill is a polygon filling algorithm. - TRUE

Define the following:

A. Dot Pitch: The distance between two adjacent pixels of the same color on a display screen,
affecting the sharpness of the image.

B. Palette: A set of colors available for use in an image or graphic, typically defined for
graphics programs or display systems.

C. Persistence: The time it takes for a pixel on a display screen to decay to one-tenth of its
original brightness after being illuminated.

D. Video Controller Card: A hardware component responsible for rendering images, videos,
and graphics by converting digital signals to be displayed on the screen.

E. Shadow Mask: A metal sheet inside CRT monitors with tiny holes that guide electron
beams to strike specific phosphor dots, ensuring correct color rendering.

F. Polygon Mesh: A collection of interconnected polygons used to represent the surface of 3D

objects in computer graphics.

G. Halftoning: A printing technique that uses dots of varying sizes or spacing to simulate
gradients and continuous tones in images.

H. Animation: The process of creating the illusion of motion by displaying a sequence of

images or frames over time.

I. Clipping: The process of cutting off or limiting parts of an object that fall outside a defined
viewing area or boundary.

J. Sweep: A technique in 3D modeling where an object is extended along a trajectory to

create a new shape, such as extruding a 2D shape into 3D.

K. Image Resolution: The amount of detail an image holds, typically measured in pixels,
indicating the image's clarity and sharpness.