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Forth Lecture

Lecture

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5 views15 pages

Forth Lecture

Lecture

Uploaded by

civilz85en9ineeriing1
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© © All Rights Reserved
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‫– محاضرات اللغة االنكليزية – قسم الهندسة المدنية‬

Bridges & Types of Bridges


1)Bridges a structure that is built over a river , road , or rail road to allow
people and vehicles to cross from one side to the others . 2) A structure that is
built to span physical obstacles without closing the way underneath such as
a body of water or roads .

Types of Bridge
1- Beam bridges ‫الجسور الشعاعية‬
2- Truss bridges ‫الجسور التراس‬
3- Arch bridges ‫الجسور المقوسة‬
4- Suspension bridges ‫الجسور المعلقة‬
5- Cantilever bridges ‫الجسور الناتئة‬
6- Cable – Stayed bridges ‫الجسور المعلقة باسالك فوالذية‬
7- Tied arch bridges ‫جسور القوس المقيد‬
8- Movable bridges ‫الجسور المتحركة‬

 Cantilever Bridges

Cantilever bridge is constructed using cantilever span , the span is supported


at one end and the others end is opened . Usually , two cantilever parts are
joined to make the road way .
 Suspension Bridges

In suspension bridge , the deck slap is suspended using ropes , chains , or high
tensile strength steel cables . The road way hangs from massive steel cables ,
which are dropped over two towers and secured by anchors on both ends of
bridges . The anchors are made from solid concrete blocks .The cables transfer
the loads into compression in the two towers . Usually , this type of bridge can
span 2000- 7000 feet .

 Cable –Stayed Bridges

Cable – stayed bridges are similar to suspension bridges as they also use
cables but in different form . They consist of fewer cables and the high of the
towers is much greater than suspension bridge .

 Beam Bridges

The most simple and common type of bridge used in the real world . This type
can be quite effective and most high way bridges fall under this category
made from to reinforced concrete beams can made into different shapes and
used on any bridge types the most simple is a solid square beam .

 Arch Bridges

Arch bridges are beautiful and effective in real life their effectiveness has a
limited range meaning and they are limited in effective length. Arch is a main
structure components and it is always located below the bridge never above
it with the help of mid – span piers . They can be made with one or more
arches depending on what kind of load and stress force . The most popular
materials for the construction of arch bridges are masonry stone ,
concrete ,wrought iron , cast iron and structure steel .
 Truss bridges

Truss bridge is a very popular bridge design that uses a diagonal mesh of
most often triangle – shaped posts above . The bridge to distribute force across
almost entire bridge structure . Individual elements of this structure usually
straight beams can endure dynamic force of tension and compression , but by
distinguish those loads a cross entire structure , entire bridge can handle
much stronger force and heavier loads than types of bridges .
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering is one of the oldest engineering disciplines because it deals
with constructed environment including planning , designing and overseeing
construction and maintenance of building structure and facilities such as
roads, railroads , air ports , bridges , harbors , channels , dams , irrigation
projects , pipe lines , power plants , water and water sewage systems .

The term (Civil Engineering ) was established by John Smeaton in 1750 to


contrast engineers working on civil projects with the military engineers who
worked on armaments and defenses . Over time , various sub- discipline of civil
engineering have become recognized and much of military engineering has
been absorbed by civil engineering , other engineering practices became
recognized as independent engineering discipline , including chemical
engineering , mechanical engineering and electric engineering . In some
places , a civil engineering may perform land surveying in others , surveying is
limited to construct surveying unless an additional qualification is obtained .

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