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110 JavaScript Quiz Questions

Which of the following is not a primitive data

type in JavaScript?
a) Number
b) String
c) Boolean
d) Object

Answer: d) Object
Explanation: In JavaScript, the primitive data types are Number,
String, Boolean, Null, and Undefined. Object is not a primitive
data type.

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What does the "typeof" operator do in

JavaScript?
a) Returns the data type of a variable
b) Checks if a variable is defined
c) Assigns a value to a variable
d) Concatenates two strings

Answer: a) Returns the data type of a variable

Explanation: The "typeof" operator in JavaScript returns the data
type of a variable. For example, "typeof 42" would return
"number".

What is the output of the following code:

console.log(2 + "2");
a) "4"
b) "22"
c) 4
d) 22

Answer: b) "22"
Explanation: When a number is concatenated with a string,
JavaScript will convert the number to a string and concatenate
the two values. Therefore, the output of the code is "22".

Which of the following is not a comparison

operator in JavaScript?
a) ==
b) ===
c) !=

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d) =<

Answer: d) =<
Explanation: The correct comparison operator is "<=", not "=<".

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 5;
console.log(x++);
a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) Error

Answer: b) 5

Explanation: The "++" operator increments the value of the

variable by 1 after the value is returned. Therefore, the output of
the code is 5.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = true;
console.log(!x);

a) true
b) false
c) undefined
d) Error

Answer: b) false

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Explanation: The "!" operator inverts the value of a boolean

expression. Since the value of "x" is true, "!x" will evaluate to
false.

What does the "NaN" value represent in

JavaScript?
a) Not a number
b) Null value
c) Undefined value
d) Boolean value

Answer: a) Not a number

Explanation: The "NaN" value in JavaScript represents "Not a
Number" and is returned when a mathematical operation fails to
produce a valid number.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 5;
var y = "5";
console.log(x == y);

a) true
b) false
c) undefined
d) Error

Answer: a) true
Explanation: The "==" operator in JavaScript performs type
coercion, which means that the values are converted to a

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common type before being compared. In this case, the string "5"
is converted to the number 5, so the values of x and y are equal.

What is the correct way to declare a variable

in JavaScript?
a) var x = 5;
b) variable x = 5;
c) x = 5;
d) let x = 5;

Answer: d) let x = 5;
Explanation: In modern JavaScript, the recommended way to
declare a variable is using the "let" keyword.

What does the "this" keyword refer to in

JavaScript?
a) The current function
b) The global object
c) The object that the function belongs to
d) The parent object of the current object

Answer: c) The object that the function belongs to

Explanation: The "this" keyword in JavaScript refers to the object
that the function belongs to. The value of "this" is determined at
runtime based on how the function is called.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = [1, 2, 3];

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console.log(x.length);
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Answer: c) 3
Explanation: The "length" property in JavaScript returns the
number of elements in an array. In this case, the array "x" has
three elements, so the output is 3.

What is the output of the following code:

console.log(typeof NaN);
a) "number"
b) "string"
c) "undefined"
d) "NaN"

Answer: a) "number"
Explanation: Although NaN stands for "Not a Number", its type in
JavaScript is actually "number".

What does the "forEach" method do in

JavaScript?
a) Adds a new element to the end of an array
b) Removes an element from the beginning of an array
c) Executes a function once for each element in an array
d) Reverses the order of the elements in an array

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Answer: c) Executes a function once for each element in an array

Explanation: The "forEach" method in JavaScript executes a
provided function once for each element in an array.

What is the output of the following code:

console.log(2 ** 3);
a) 5
b) 6
c) 8
d) 9

Answer: c) 8
Explanation: The "**" operator in JavaScript is the exponentiation
operator, which raises the first operand to the power of the
second operand. In this case, 2 raised to the power of 3 is 8.

What is the correct syntax for a "for" loop in

JavaScript?
a) for (var i = 0; i < 5; i++)
b) for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
c) for (var i = 5; i > 0; i--)
d) for (i = 5; i > 0; i--)

Answer: a) for (var i = 0; i < 5; i++)

Explanation: The correct syntax for a "for" loop in JavaScript
includes the initialization statement, the condition, and the
increment statement, all separated by semicolons.

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What is the output of the following code:

var x = 5;
var y = "5";
console.log(x === y);
a) true
b) false
c) undefined
d) Error

Answer: b) false
Explanation: The "===" operator in JavaScript performs a strict
comparison, which means that the values and the types must be
equal for the comparison to return true. In this case, x is a
number and y is a string

What is the difference between "==" and

"===" operators in JavaScript?
a) They are interchangeable
b) "==" performs a strict comparison, while "===" performs a
loose comparison
c) "===" performs a strict comparison, while "==" performs a
loose comparison
d) They both perform the same type of comparison

Answer: c) "===" performs a strict comparison, while "=="

performs a loose comparison
Explanation: The "===" operator in JavaScript performs a strict
comparison, which means that the values and the types must be
equal for the comparison to return true. The "==" operator

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performs a loose comparison, which means that it tries to convert

the operands to the same type before making the comparison.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 10;
var y = "5";
console.log(x - y);
a) 5
b) 10
c) 15
d) "105"

Answer: a) 5
Explanation: When JavaScript tries to perform arithmetic
operations with a string and a number, it automatically converts
the string to a number before making the calculation. In this
case, "5" is converted to 5, so the result of the subtraction is 5.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = [1, 2, 3];
var y = [...x];
console.log(y);
a) [1, 2, 3]
b) [3, 2, 1]
c) [1, 2]
d) Error

Answer: a) [1, 2, 3]

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Explanation: The spread operator (...) in JavaScript allows you to

copy the elements of an array into a new array. In this case, the
variable "y" is assigned a new array that contains the same
elements as "x".

What is the output of the following code:

console.log(Math.random());
a) 0
b) 0.5
c) 1
d) A random number between 0 and 1

Answer: d) A random number between 0 and 1

Explanation: The Math.random() function in JavaScript generates
a random number between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive) each
time it is called.

What is the difference between "let" and

"const" keywords in JavaScript?
a) They are interchangeable
b) "let" variables cannot be reassigned, while "const" variables
can
c) "const" variables cannot be reassigned, while "let" variables
can
d) "let" and "const" both refer to constant variables

Answer: c) "const" variables cannot be reassigned, while "let"

variables can

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Explanation: In JavaScript, "let" and "const" are used to declare

variables. The difference is that "let" variables can be reassigned
a new value, while "const" variables cannot be reassigned a new
value after they are declared. Both "let" and "const" variables are
block-scoped.

Which of the following is not a data type in

JavaScript?
a) Boolean
b) String
c) Number
d) Character

Answer: d) Character
Explanation: In JavaScript, there is no data type called
"Character". Instead, characters are represented using the
"String" data type.

What is the output of the following code:

console.log("5" + 5);
a) "10"
b) 10
c) "55"
d) Error

Answer: c) "55"
Explanation: When you use the "+" operator with a string and a
number, JavaScript converts the number to a string and
concatenates it to the string.

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What is the difference between "var" and "let"

keywords in JavaScript?
a) They are interchangeable
b) "var" variables cannot be reassigned, while "let" variables can
c) "let" variables have block scope, while "var" variables have
function scope
d) "var" and "let" both refer to constant variables

Answer: c) "let" variables have block scope, while "var" variables

have function scope
Explanation: In JavaScript, "var" and "let" are used to declare
variables. The difference is that "let" variables have block scope,
which means they are only accessible within the block they are
declared in, while "var" variables have function scope, which
means they are accessible throughout the function they are
declared in.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 10;
if (true) {
var x = 5;
}
console.log(x);
a) 10
b) 5
c) undefined
d) Error

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Answer: b) 5
Explanation: In JavaScript, "var" variables are
function-scoped, not block-scoped. This means that the
"x" variable inside the if statement is the same as the
"x" variable outside of it, and changing its value
inside the block also changes its value outside the
block.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = [1, 2, 3];
console.log(x[3]);
a) 3
b) undefined
c) Error
d) NaN

Answer: b) undefined
Explanation: In JavaScript, arrays are zero-indexed, which means
that the first element of an array has an index of 0. Since the "x"
array has only three elements, attempting to access the fourth
element using an index of 3 results in undefined.

Which of the following is not a valid way to

declare a function in JavaScript?
a) function myFunction() {}
b) var myFunction = function() {}
c) () => {}
d) function = {}

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Answer: d) function = {}
Explanation: The syntax for declaring a function in JavaScript is
either "function functionName() {}" or "var functionName =
function() {}", or using an arrow function expression "() => {}".
The option d) is not a valid way to declare a function in
JavaScript.

What is the difference between "==" and

"===" operators in JavaScript?
a) They are interchangeable
b) "==" checks for value equality, while "===" checks for value
and type equality
c) "===" checks for value equality, while "==" checks for value
and type equality
d) They both perform the same operation

Answer: b) "==" checks for value equality, while "===" checks

for value and type equality
Explanation: The "==" operator checks for value equality, and it
performs type coercion if the types of the two values being
compared are different. The "===" operator checks for value and
type equality, and it does not perform type coercion.

What is the output of the following code:

console.log(typeof undefined);
a) "undefined"
b) "null"
c) "object"

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d) "string"

Answer: a) "undefined"
Explanation: "undefined" is a primitive data type in JavaScript
that represents the absence of a value. The typeof operator
returns a string indicating the type of the operand.

What is the output of the following code:

console.log(1 + "2" + 3);
a) "123"
b) 6
c) "15"
d) Error

Answer: a) "123"
Explanation: When you use the "+" operator with a string and a
number, JavaScript converts the number to a string and
concatenates it to the string. So in this case, "1" is concatenated
with "2" to create "12", and then "3" is concatenated to create
"123".

Which of the following is not a loop in

JavaScript?
a) for
b) while
c) do...while
d) next

Answer: d) next

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Explanation: "next" is not a loop in JavaScript. The correct loop

keywords are "for", "while", and "do...while".

Which of the following is not a valid JavaScript array method?

a) push()
b) pop()
c) shift()
d) slice()

Answer: d) slice()
Explanation: "slice()" is a valid array method in JavaScript, but it
is not a method for modifying the array. Instead, it returns a
shallow copy of a portion of the array as a new array.

What is the output of the following code:

console.log(typeof []);
a) "array"
b) "object"
c) "array[]"
d) "undefined"

Answer: b) "object"
Explanation: In JavaScript, arrays are a type of object. The typeof
operator returns "object" for any object type, including arrays.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 10;
function foo() {
console.log(x);

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var x = 5;
}
foo();
a) 10
b) 5
c) undefined
d) Error

Answer: c) undefined
Explanation: In JavaScript, variable declarations are hoisted to
the top of the function, but their assignments are not. So the "x"
variable inside the "foo" function is hoisted, but it is not assigned
a value until after the console.log statement. Therefore, the
output is "undefined".

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 1;
function foo() {
var x = 2;
function bar() {
console.log(x);
}
return bar;
}
var baz = foo();
baz();
a) 1
b) 2
c) undefined
d) Error

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Answer: b) 2
Explanation: In JavaScript, inner functions have access to the
variables of their outer functions, even after the outer function
has returned. In this case, the "baz" variable is assigned the "bar"
function returned by "foo", and when "baz" is called, it accesses
the "x" variable of its parent function "foo".

What is the output of the following code:

console.log("5" == 5);
a) true
b) false
c) Error
d) NaN

Answer: a) true
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "==" operator performs type
coercion before comparison. In this case, the string "5" is
converted to the number 5 before comparison with the number 5,
resulting in true.

Which of the following is not a valid way to

declare a variable in JavaScript?
a) var x;
b) let y;
c) const z;
d) variable w;

Answer: d) variable w;

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Explanation: "variable" is not a valid keyword for

declaring variables in JavaScript. The correct keyword
is "var", "let", or "const".

What is the output of the following code:

console.log(typeof null);
a) "null"
b) "object"
c) "undefined"
d) Error

Answer: b) "object"
Explanation: In JavaScript, the typeof operator returns "object"
for the null value. This is considered to be a historical bug in the
language.

What is the output of the following code:

console.log("Hello".charAt(1));
a) "H"
b) "e"
c) "l"
d) "o"

Answer: b) "e"
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "charAt" method is used to access
a character in a string by its index. In this case, the character at
index 1 is "e".

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What is the output of the following code:

var x = 5;
function foo() {
console.log(x);
}
function bar() {
var x = 10;
foo();
}
bar();
a) 5
b) 10
c) undefined
d) Error

Answer: a) 5
Explanation: In JavaScript, inner functions have access to the
variables of their outer functions, even if the outer function has
already returned. In this case, the "foo" function accesses the "x"
variable in the global scope, which has a value of 5. The "x"
variable declared in the "bar" function is a separate variable with
a different scope.

What is the output of the following code:

console.log(2 + 3 + "4");
a) "54"
b) "9"
c) "234"
d) Error

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Answer: a) "54"
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "+" operator performs both
addition and string concatenation. When the "+" operator is used
with both numbers and strings, it performs addition first and then
concatenates the result with the remaining string. In this case, 2
+ 3 = 5, and then "4" is concatenated to create "54".

Which of the following is not a valid way to

create a JavaScript array?
a) var arr = [];
b) var arr = new Array();
c) var arr = Array();
d) var arr = {1, 2, 3};

Answer: d) var arr = {1, 2, 3};

Explanation: Curly braces are used to create JavaScript objects,
not arrays. The correct way to create an array is to use square
brackets or the Array constructor.

What is the output of the following code:

console.log(NaN == NaN);
a) true
b) false
c) undefined
d) Error

Answer: b) false

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Explanation: In JavaScript, NaN is a special value that represents

"Not a Number". NaN is not equal to any other value, including
itself.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 5;
var y = x++;
console.log(y);
a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) Error

Answer: b) 5
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "++" operator is used to
increment a variable by 1. When used after the variable (i.e.
x++), the increment happens after the current value is used. In
this case, the value of x is 5, so y is assigned the value of 5
before x is incremented to 6.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = [1, 2, 3];
var y = x.slice(1);
console.log(y);
a) [1, 2]
b) [2, 3]
c) [1, 3]
d) Error

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Answer: b) [2, 3]
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "slice" method is used to create a
new array that contains a portion of an existing array. In this
case, the "y" variable is assigned a new array that contains all
elements of "x" starting from index 1 (i.e. [2, 3]).

What is the output of the following code:

var x = [1, 2, 3];
console.log(x.length);
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Answer: c) 3
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "length" property of an array
returns the number of elements in the array. In this case, the "x"
array has 3 elements, so the output is 3.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = "hello";
console.log(x.charAt(0));
a) "h"
b) "e"
c) "l"
d) "o"

Answer: a) "h"

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Explanation: In JavaScript, the "charAt" method is used to get

the character at a specified index in a string. In this case, "x" is
the string "hello", and "charAt(0)" returns the first character,
which is "h".

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 5;
console.log(typeof x);
a) "number"
b) "string"
c) "boolean"
d) "undefined"

Answer: a) "number"
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "typeof" operator is used to get
the type of a value or variable. In this case, "x" is assigned the
value of 5, which is a number, so the output is "number".

What is the output of the following code:

var x = "5";
var y = 2;
console.log(x + y);
a) "7"
b) "52"
c) 7
d) 52

Answer: b) "52"

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Explanation: In JavaScript, the "+" operator performs both

addition and string concatenation. When the "+" operator is used
with a string and a number, the number is converted to a string
and then concatenated with the original string. In this case, "x" is
the string "5", and "y" is the number 2, so "x + y" concatenates
the two values to create the string "52".

What is the output of the following code:

var x = [1, 2, 3];
x.push(4);
console.log(x);
a) [1, 2, 3]
b) [2, 3, 4]
c) [1, 2, 3, 4]
d) Error

Answer: c) [1, 2, 3, 4]
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "push" method is used to add an
element to the end of an array. In this case, the "x" array already
contains the elements [1, 2, 3], and the "push(4)" statement
adds the element 4 to the end of the array, resulting in the new
array [1, 2, 3, 4].

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 10;
var y = "5";
console.log(x - y);
a) 5
b) 10
c) 15
d) NaN

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Answer: c) 15
Explanation: In JavaScript, when the "-" operator is used with a
number and a string, the string is converted to a number and the
subtraction is performed. In this case, "x" is the number 10, and
"y" is the string "5". However, because the "-" operator can also
be used for string concatenation, the string "5" is first converted
to the number 5, and then subtracted from 10 to get 15.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = "hello";
console.log(x.toUpperCase());
a) "HELLO"
b) "Hello"
c) "hello"
d) Error
Answer: a) "HELLO"
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "toUpperCase" method is used to
convert a string to all uppercase letters. In this case, "x" is the
string "hello", and "toUpperCase()" converts it to "HELLO".

What is the output of the following code:

var x = true;
var y = false;
console.log(x || y);
a) true
b) false
c) Error
d) NaN
Answer: a) true
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "||" operator is the logical OR
operator, and returns true if either operand is true. In this case,
"x" is true, and "y" is false, so the expression "x || y" evaluates to
true.

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What is the output of the following code:

var x = [1, 2, 3];
console.log(x[0]);
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) [1, 2, 3]

Answer: a) 1
Explanation: In JavaScript, arrays are indexed starting from 0.
The square brackets notation is used to access an element of an
array by its index. In this case, "x" is the array [1, 2, 3], and
"x[0]" accesses the first element of the array, which is the
number 1.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 5;
var y = "10";
console.log(x + y);
a) 15
b) "15"
c) "510"
d) 510

Answer: c) "510"
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "+" operator performs both
addition and string concatenation. When the "+" operator is used
with a number and a string, the number is converted to a string
and then concatenated with the original string. In this case, "x" is

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the number 5, and "y" is the string "10", so "x + y" concatenates
the two values to create the string "510".

What is the output of the following code:

var x = [1, 2, 3];
x.push(4);
console.log(x);
a) [1, 2, 3]
b) [1, 2, 3, 4]
c) [4, 3, 2, 1]
d) Error

Answer: b) [1, 2, 3, 4]
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "push" method is used to add an
element to the end of an array. In this case, "x" is the array [1,
2, 3], and "x.push(4)" adds the number 4 to the end of the array
to create the array [1, 2, 3, 4].

What is the output of the following code:

var x = "10";
var y = "5";
console.log(x + y);
a) 15
b) "15"
c) "105"
d) 105

Answer: c) "105"

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Explanation: In JavaScript, the "+" operator performs both

addition and string concatenation. When the "+" operator is used
with two strings, the two strings are concatenated. In this case,
"x" is the string "10", and "y" is the string "5", so "x + y"
concatenates the two strings to create the string "105".

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 10;
console.log(typeof x);
a) number
b) string
c) boolean
d) undefined

Answer: a) number
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "typeof" operator is used to
determine the data type of a value. In this case, "x" is the
number 10, so "typeof x" returns the string "number".

What is the output of the following code:

var x = [1, 2, 3];
console.log(x.length);
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3

Answer: d) 3

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Explanation: In JavaScript, the "length" property is used to get

the number of elements in an array. In this case, "x" is the array
[1, 2, 3], and "x.length" returns the number 3.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = "10";
var y = "5";
console.log(x - y);
a) 5
b) "5"
c) "10"
d) NaN

Answer: a) 5
Explanation: In JavaScript, when the "-" operator is used with
two strings, both strings are converted to numbers and the
subtraction is performed. In this case, "x" is the string "10", and
"y" is the string "5". Both strings are converted to numbers (10
and 5, respectively), and then 5 is subtracted from 10 to get 5.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 5;
console.log(++x);
a) 5
b) 6
c) NaN
d) Error

Answer: b) 6

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Explanation: In JavaScript, the "++" operator is used to

increment a variable by 1. When the "++" operator is used before
the variable (like in this example), the variable is first
incremented and then used. So, "++x" increments the variable
"x" from 5 to 6, and then returns the value 6.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = [1, 2, 3];
console.log(x[1]);
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) Error

Answer: b) 2
Explanation: In JavaScript, arrays are zero-indexed, meaning the
first element in the array has an index of 0, the second element
has an index of 1, and so on. In this case, "x" is the array [1, 2,
3], and "x[1]" accesses the second element of the array (which
has an index of 1), which is the number 2.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 10;
if (x == "10") {
console.log("Equal");
} else {
console.log("Not equal");
}
a) Equal

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b) Not equal
c) Undefined
d) Error

Answer: a) Equal
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "==" operator performs a loose
equality comparison, which means it compares the values without
considering their data types. In this case, "x" is the number 10,
and "x == '10'" returns true because the string "10" is converted
to the number 10 before the comparison is made. So, the "if"
statement evaluates to true, and "Equal" is printed to the
console.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = "hello";
console.log(x.toUpperCase());
a) "hello"
b) "HELLO"
c) "Hello"
d) Error

Answer: b) "HELLO"
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "toUpperCase" method is used to
convert a string to all uppercase letters. In this case, "x" is the
string "hello", and "x.toUpperCase()" converts the string to
"HELLO" and prints it to the console.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = true;

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var y = false;
console.log(x || y);
a) true
b) false
c) null
d) Error

Answer: a) true
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "||" operator performs a logical
OR operation. The expression "x || y" evaluates to true if either
"x" or "y" is true. In this case, "x" is true, so the expression "x ||
y" evaluates to true and is printed to the console.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = "5";
console.log(typeof x);
a) "string"
b) "number"
c) "boolean"
d) "undefined"

Answer: a) "string"
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "typeof" operator is
used to determine the data type of a variable. In this
case, "x" is a string because it is enclosed in
quotation marks.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 3;

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var y = "4";
console.log(x + y);
a) "34"
b) "7"
c) 7
d) Error

Answer: a) "34"
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "+" operator is used to
concatenate strings and add numbers. If one or both
operands are strings, the "+" operator performs string
concatenation. In this case, "x" is the number 3 and
"y" is the string "4", so the expression "x + y"
converts the number 3 to a string and concatenates it
with the string "4", resulting in the string "34".

What is the output of the following code:

var x = [1, 2, 3];
x.push(4);
console.log(x);
a) [1, 2, 3]
b) [1, 2, 3, 4]
c) [4, 3, 2, 1]
d) Error

Answer: b) [1, 2, 3, 4]
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "push" method is used to add
elements to the end of an array. In this case, "x" is the array [1,
2, 3], and "x.push(4)" adds the number 4 to the end of the array,
resulting in the array [1, 2, 3, 4].

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What is the output of the following code:

var x = 5;
if (x === "5") {
console.log("Equal");
} else {
console.log("Not equal");
}
a) Equal
b) Not equal
c) Undefined
d) Error

Answer: b) Not equal

Explanation: In JavaScript, the "===" operator performs a strict
equality comparison, which means it compares the values and
data types of the operands. In this case, "x" is the number 5, and
"x === '5'" returns false because the string "5" is not the same
data type as the number 5. So, the "if" statement evaluates to
false, and "Not equal" is printed to the console.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 10;
while (x > 0) {
console.log(x);
x--;
}
a) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
b) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
c) 0
d) Error

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Answer: b) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "while" loop is used to repeatedly
execute a block of code while a condition is true. In this case, the
loop will execute as long as "x" is greater than 0. In each
iteration of the loop, the value of "x" is printed to the console
using the "console.log" function, and then "x" is decremented by
1.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = [1, 2, 3];
var y = x;
y.push(4);
console.log(x);
a) [1, 2, 3]
b) [1, 2, 3, 4]
c) [4, 3, 2, 1]
d) Error

Answer: b) [1, 2, 3, 4]
Explanation: In JavaScript, arrays and objects are reference
types, which means that when a variable is assigned to an array
or object, it holds a reference to the location in memory where
the array or object is stored. In this case, "y" is assigned to the
same array as "x" using the assignment operator, so both
variables reference the same array. When "y.push(4)" is called, it
modifies the array that both "x" and "y" reference, so the output
of "console.log(x)" is the modified array [1, 2, 3, 4].

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What is the output of the following code:

var x = 10;
var y = x++;
console.log(y);
a) 9
b) 10
c) 11
d) Error

Answer: b) 10
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "++" operator is used to
increment a variable by 1. When "x++" is called, the value of "x"
is first used as the operand of the expression, and then it is
incremented by 1. The value of the expression "x++" is the
original value of "x" before it was incremented, so "y" is assigned
the value 10. The output of "console.log(y)" is therefore 10.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 5;
var y = 3;
console.log(x *= y);
a) 8
b) 15
c) 12
d) 25

Answer: c) 15
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "*=" operator is used to perform
multiplication and assignment in a single step. The expression "x
*= y" is equivalent to "x = x * y", which multiplies the value of

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"x" by the value of "y" and assigns the result back to "x". The
output of "console.log(x *= y)" is therefore the product of 5 and
3, which is 15.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = "10";
var y = +"3";
console.log(x + y);
a) "103"
b) "13"
c) 13
d) Error

Answer: b) "13"
Explanation: In JavaScript, the unary "+" operator can be used to
convert a string to a number. When the expression "+ '3'" is
evaluated, the string "3" is converted to the number 3. The
expression "x + y" then concatenates the string "10" with the
string "3", resulting in the string "13". The output of
"console.log(x + y)" is therefore "13".

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 0;
while (x < 5) {
console.log(x);
x += 2;
}
a) 0 2 4 6 8
b) 0 2 4

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c) 2 4 6 8
d) Error

Answer: b) 0 2 4

What is the output of the following code:

console.log("5" + 2);
a) "7"
b) 7
c) "52"
d) Error

Answer: c) "52"
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "+" operator is used for both
addition and string concatenation. When one or both operands
are strings, the "+" operator concatenates the strings. In this
case, the string "5" is concatenated with the number 2, resulting
in the string "52". The output of "console.log("5" + 2)" is
therefore "52".

What is the output of the following code:

var x = [1, 2, 3];
console.log(x.slice(1));
a) [1, 2]
b) [2, 3]
c) [1, 2, 3]
d) Error

Answer: b) [2, 3]

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Explanation: In JavaScript, the "slice" method is used to create a

new array that contains a portion of an existing array. The "slice"
method takes two arguments: the starting index (inclusive) and
the ending index (exclusive) of the portion to be sliced. If the
ending index is omitted, the "slice" method returns a new array
that includes all elements from the starting index to the end of
the original array. In this case, "x.slice(1)" creates a new array
that includes all elements from index 1 (i.e., the second element)
to the end of the "x" array. The output of "console.log(x.slice(1))"
is therefore the array [2, 3].

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 5;
var y = 3;
if (x > y) {
console.log("x is greater than y");
} else {
console.log("y is greater than x");
}
a) "x is greater than y"
b) "y is greater than x"
c) 2
d) Error

Answer: a) "x is greater than y"

Explanation: In this code, an "if" statement is used to check
whether the value of "x" is greater than the value of "y". If the
condition is true, the first block of code (i.e., the "console.log"
statement) is executed. Otherwise, the second block of code is
executed. In this case, the condition is true because 5 is greater
than 3, so the output of "console.log" is "x is greater than y".

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What is the output of the following code:

var x = 10;
function foo() {
console.log(x);
var x = 5;
console.log(x);
}
foo();
a) 10 5
b) 5 10
c) Error
d) undefined 5

Answer: d) undefined 5
Explanation: In JavaScript, variable declarations are "hoisted" to
the top of their scope, which means that they are processed
before any other code in the same scope. However, variable
assignments are not hoisted. In this case, the "foo" function
includes a variable declaration "var x = 5" after the first
"console.log" statement. This means that the "x" variable used in
the first "console.log" statement refers to the local variable
declared in the "foo" function, not the global variable with the
same name. However, at the time of the first "console.log"
statement, the local variable "x" has not yet been assigned a
value, so its value is undefined.

What is the output of the following code:

console.log(typeof null);

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a) "null"
b) "object"
c) "undefined"
d) Error

Answer: b) "object"
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "typeof" operator is used to
determine the data type of a value or variable. When used with
the "null" keyword, "typeof" returns "object". This is a historical
artifact of JavaScript, as "null" was originally intended to
represent an empty object reference.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = [1, 2, 3];
var y = x;
y.push(4);
console.log(x);
a) [1, 2, 3]
b) [1, 2, 3, 4]
c) [4, 3, 2, 1]
d) Error

Answer: b) [1, 2, 3, 4]
Explanation: In JavaScript, arrays are objects, and
objects are passed by reference rather than by value.
This means that when "y" is assigned the value of "x",
it is actually assigned a reference to the same array
in memory. Therefore, when "y.push(4)" is called, it
modifies the same array that "x" refers to. The output
of "console.log(x)" is therefore [1, 2, 3, 4].

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What is the output of the following code:

console.log(5 == "5");
a) true
b) false
c) Error
d) undefined

Answer: a) true
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "==" operator is used to compare
two values for equality. When the values being compared have
different data types, JavaScript will attempt to convert one or
both of the values to a common data type before making the
comparison. In this case, the string "5" is converted to the
number 5 before the comparison is made. Therefore, the output
of "console.log(5 == "5")" is true.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 10;
function foo() {
console.log(x);
}
foo();
var x = 5;
a) 10
b) 5
c) undefined
d) Error

Answer: a) 10

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Explanation: In JavaScript, function declarations are processed

before any other code in the same scope. Therefore, the "foo"
function is defined before the global variable "x" is assigned the
value 5. When "foo" is called, it outputs the current value of the
global variable "x", which is 10 at the time of the call. The output
of "console.log(x)" is therefore 10.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 5;
var y = 3;
var z = x++ - y--;
console.log(z);
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

Answer: a) 2
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "++" and "--" operators are used
to increment and decrement a variable's value by 1, respectively.
The placement of these operators determines whether the
variable's value is incremented or decremented before or after an
expression is evaluated. In this case, the expression "x++ - y--"
is evaluated as follows:

● The value of "x" (5) is used in the expression, and then

incremented to 6.
● The value of "y" (3) is used in the expression, and then
decremented to 2.

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What is the output of the following code:

console.log("hello" + 3);
a) "hello3"
b) 3
c) "hello"
d) Error

Answer: a) "hello3"
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "+" operator is used for both
addition and concatenation. When used with a string and a
number, it performs concatenation rather than addition.
Therefore, the output of "console.log("hello" + 3)" is "hello3".

What is the output of the following code:

console.log(true && "hello");
a) true
b) "hello"
c) false
d) undefined

Answer: b) "hello"
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "&&" operator is used for logical
AND. It returns the first falsy value it encounters, or the last
truthy value if all values are truthy. In this case, both "true" and
"hello" are truthy values, so the expression evaluates to "hello".

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 5;

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function foo() {
console.log(x);
var x = 10;
}
foo();
a) 5
b) 10
c) undefined
d) Error

Answer: a) 5
Explanation: In JavaScript, variable declarations are processed
before any other code in the same scope, but their values are not
assigned until they are reached in the code. Therefore, the "var x
= 10;" statement in the "foo" function does not affect the value
of "x" in the outer scope. When "foo" is called, it outputs the
value of "x" in the outer scope, which is 5. The output of
"console.log(x)" is therefore 5.

What is the output of the following code:

console.log(typeof NaN);
a) "number"
b) "string"
c) "undefined"
d) Error

Answer: a) "number"
Explanation: In JavaScript, NaN (Not a Number) is a special value
of the number data type that represents an undefined or
unrepresentable value resulting from a mathematical operation.

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Despite its name, NaN is still considered a number data type.

Therefore, the output of "console.log(typeof NaN)" is "number".

What is the output of the following code:

var x = [1, 2, 3];
var y = x.slice(0, 2);
console.log(y);
a) [1, 2]
b) [2, 3]
c) [1, 2, 3]
d) Error

Answer: a) [1, 2]
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "slice" method is used to extract a
portion of an array into a new array. It takes two arguments: the
starting index and the ending index (exclusive) of the slice. In
this case, "x.slice(0, 2)" extracts the elements at indices 0 and 1
(i.e. [1, 2]) into a new array, which is assigned to "y". Therefore,
the output of "console.log(y)" is [1, 2].

What is the output of the following code:

console.log("3" + 2);
a) "32"
b) "5"
c) 5
d) Error

Answer: a) "32"

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Explanation: In JavaScript, the "+" operator is used for both

addition and concatenation. When used with a string and a
number, it performs concatenation rather than addition.
Therefore, the output of "console.log("3" + 2)" is "32".

What is the output of the following code:

console.log(null == undefined);
a) true
b) false
c) NaN
d) Error

Answer: a) true
Explanation: In JavaScript, null and undefined are equal to each
other and to no other value. Therefore, the output of
"console.log(null == undefined)" is true.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 5;
function foo() {
console.log(x);
}
foo();
a) 5
b) undefined
c) null
d) Error

Answer: a) 5

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Explanation: In this code, the variable "x" is declared in the

global scope and assigned the value 5. The function "foo" is
defined to log the value of "x". When "foo" is called, it outputs the
value of "x" in the outer scope, which is 5. Therefore, the output
of "console.log(x)" is 5.

What is the output of the following code:

console.log(0.1 + 0.2 == 0.3);
a) true
b) false
c) NaN
d) Error

Answer: b) false
Explanation: In JavaScript, floating-point numbers are
represented using binary fractions, which can sometimes result in
rounding errors. Therefore, the expression "0.1 + 0.2" does not
equal exactly 0.3, but instead equals a slightly larger number
(e.g. 0.30000000000000004). Therefore, the output of
"console.log(0.1 + 0.2 == 0.3)" is false.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = {name: "John", age: 30};
console.log(Object.keys(x));
a) {name: "John", age: 30}
b) ["name", "age"]
c) "John,30"
d) Error

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Answer: b) ["name", "age"]

Explanation: In JavaScript, the "Object.keys" method is used to
retrieve an array of an object's own enumerable property names.
In this case, "Object.keys(x)" returns an array containing the
property names "name" and "age". Therefore, the output of
"console.log(Object.keys(x))" is ["name", "age"].

What is the output of the following code:

console.log(typeof NaN);
a) "number"
b) "string"
c) "NaN"
d) "undefined"

Answer: a) "number"
Explanation: In JavaScript, NaN (Not-a-Number) is a special
value of the number type. Therefore, the output of
"console.log(typeof NaN)" is "number".

What is the output of the following code:

console.log("foo".indexOf("o"));
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) -1

Answer: b) 1
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "indexOf" method is used to find
the index of the first occurrence of a substring within a string. In

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this case, "foo" contains two occurrences of "o", but "indexOf"

returns the index of the first occurrence, which is 1. Therefore,
the output of "console.log("foo".indexOf("o"))" is 1.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 5;
var y = x++;
console.log(x, y);
a) 5, 5
b) 6, 5
c) 6, 6
d) Error

Answer: b) 6, 5
Explanation: In this code, the variable "x" is assigned the value 5
and then incremented using the "++" operator. The variable "y"
is assigned the original value of "x" (i.e. 5) before the
incrementation. Therefore, the output of "console.log(x, y)" is 6,
5.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = ["a", "b", "c"];
x.splice(1, 1);
console.log(x);
a) ["a", "b", "c"]
b) ["a", "c"]
c) ["b", "c"]
d) Error

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Answer: b) ["a", "c"]

Explanation: In JavaScript, the "splice" method is used to add or
remove elements from an array. In this case, "x.splice(1, 1)"
removes one element starting from the index 1 (i.e. "b") from the
array "x". Therefore, the output of "console.log(x)" is ["a", "c"].

What is the output of the following code:

console.log(10 < 9 < 8);
a) true
b) false
c) NaN
d) Error

Answer: a) true
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "<" operator performs a numerical
comparison between two values. Therefore, the expression "10 <
9 < 8" is evaluated as "(10 < 9) < 8", which first evaluates "10 <
9" to false and then "false < 8" to true. Therefore, the output of
"console.log(10 < 9 < 8)" is true.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = [1, 2, 3];
var y = x.map(function(n) { return n * 2; });
console.log(y);
a) [1, 2, 3]
b) [2, 4, 6]
c) [1, 4, 9]
d) Error

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Answer: b) [2, 4, 6]
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "map" method is used to create a
new array by applying a function to each element of an existing
array. In this case, the "map" method is used to create a new
array "y" where each element is twice the value of the
corresponding element in the original array "x". Therefore, the
output of "console.log(y)" is [2, 4, 6].

What is the output of the following code:

console.log(typeof null);
a) "object"
b) "null"
c) "undefined"
d) "string"

Answer: a) "object"
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "typeof" operator returns the data
type of a value. However, there is a known bug where "typeof
null" returns "object" instead of "null". Therefore, the output of
"console.log(typeof null)" is "object".

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 5;
var y = "5";
console.log(x == y);
a) true
b) false
c) NaN
d) Error

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Answer: a) true
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "==" operator performs type
coercion before comparison. In this case, the number 5 and the
string "5" are coerced to the same type (i.e. number) before
comparison. Therefore, the output of "console.log(x == y)" is
true.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 5;
var y = "5";
console.log(x === y);
a) true
b) false
c) NaN
d) Error

Answer: b) false
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "===" operator performs
strict comparison without type coercion. In this case,
the number 5 and the string "5" are of different types,
so strict comparison will always return false.
Therefore, the output of "console.log(x === y)" is
false.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = [1, 2, 3];
console.log(x.toString());
a) "1,2,3"

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b) [1, 2, 3]
c) ["1", "2", "3"]
d) Error

Answer: a) "1,2,3"
Explanation: In JavaScript, the "toString" method is used to
convert an array to a string by concatenating its elements with
commas. Therefore, the output of "console.log(x.toString())" is
"1,2,3".

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 5;
var y = 3;
console.log(x %= y);
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Answer: b) 2
Explanation: In JavaScript, the %= operator is the modulus
assignment operator, which computes the modulus of two
operands and assigns the result to the left operand. Therefore, x
%= y is equivalent to x = x % y, which evaluates to 2. The
output of console.log(x %= y) is 2.

What is the output of the following code:

console.log(typeof []);
a) "array"

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b) "object"
c) "null"
d) "undefined"

Answer: b) "object"
Explanation: In JavaScript, an array is a special type of object
that can hold a collection of values. Therefore, the typeof
operator returns "object" when applied to an array.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = [1, 2, 3];
x.push(4);
console.log(x);
a) [1, 2, 3]
b) [1, 2, 3, 4]
c) [4, 3, 2, 1]
d) Error

Answer: b) [1, 2, 3, 4]
Explanation: In JavaScript, the push() method adds one or more
elements to the end of an array and returns the new length of the
array. Therefore, after x.push(4), the array x contains the
elements [1, 2, 3, 4]. The output of console.log(x) is [1, 2, 3, 4].

What is the output of the following code:

var x = "hello";
var y = x.toUpperCase();
console.log(y);
a) "hello"

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b) "HELLO"
c) "Hello"
d) Error

Answer: b) "HELLO"
Explanation: In JavaScript, the toUpperCase() method is used to
convert a string to uppercase letters. Therefore, after y =
x.toUpperCase(), the value of y is "HELLO". The output of
console.log(y) is "HELLO".

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 5;
var y = "3";
console.log(x + y);
a) 8
b) "53"
c) 53
d) Error

Answer: b) "53"
Explanation: In JavaScript, the + operator can be used for
addition or string concatenation, depending on the type of the
operands. If either operand is a string, the + operator performs
string concatenation. In this case, the value of x is a number and
the value of y is a string, so the + operator performs string
concatenation and the output of console.log(x + y) is "53".

What is the output of the following code:

var x = 10;

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var y = 5;
console.log((x > y) && (y < 6));
a) true
b) false
c) TypeError
d) ReferenceError

Answer: b) false
Explanation: In JavaScript, the && operator returns true if both
operands are true, and false otherwise. In this case, (x > y)
evaluates to true (because 10 is greater than 5), but (y < 6)
evaluates to false (because 5 is not less than 6). Therefore, the
expression (x > y) && (y < 6) evaluates to false. The output of
console.log((x > y) && (y < 6)) is false.

What is the output of the following code:

var x = "5";
var y = "3";
console.log(x + y);
a) 8
b) "53"
c) 53
d) Error

Answer: b) "53"
Explanation: In JavaScript, the + operator performs string
concatenation when either operand is a string. In this case, both
x and y are strings, so the + operator performs string
concatenation and the output of console.log(x + y) is "53".

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What is the output of the following code:

var x = 10;
var y = "5";
console.log(x + y);
a) 15
b) "105"
c) 105
d) Error

Answer: b) "105"
Explanation: In JavaScript, the + operator performs string
concatenation when either operand is a string. In this case, y is a
string and x is a number, so the + operator performs string
concatenation and the output of console.log(x + y) is "105".

What is the output of the following code:

var x = [1, 2, 3];
var y = [1, 2, 3];
console.log(x == y);
a) true
b) false
c) TypeError
d) ReferenceError

Answer: b) false
Explanation: In JavaScript, arrays are objects, and two arrays are
considered equal only if they refer to the same object. In this
case, x and y are two different arrays with the same elements, so
the expression x == y evaluates to false. The output of
console.log(x == y) is false.

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What is the output of the following code:

var x = 10;
var y = 3;
console.log(x / y);
a) 3.33
b) 3.3333
c) 3.333333
d) 3

Answer: a) 3.33
Explanation: In JavaScript, the / operator performs division of
two operands. When one or both operands are floating-point
numbers, the result is also a floating-point number. Therefore,
the expression x / y evaluates to 3.33333... (with repeating
decimals), but the output of console.log(x / y) is rounded to two
decimal places and displayed as 3.33.

Which of the following is not a primitive data

type in JavaScript?
A) String
B) Number
C) Boolean
D) Array

Answer: D) Array
Explanation: In JavaScript, primitive data types are String,
Number, Boolean, null, undefined, and symbol. Array is not a
primitive data type; it is an object type.

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Which of the following methods removes the

last element from an array and returns that
element?
A) push()
B) pop()
C) shift()
D) unshift()

Answer: B) pop()
Explanation: The pop() method removes the last element from an
array and returns that element. The push() method adds one or
more elements to the end of an array, while the shift() method
removes the first element from an array and returns that
element. The unshift() method adds one or more elements to the
beginning of an array.

What is the output of the following code?

function foo() {
var a = b = 3;
}

foo();
console.log("a defined? " + (typeof a !==
'undefined'));
console.log("b defined? " + (typeof b !==
'undefined'));
A) a defined? true, b defined? true

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B) a defined? false, b defined? true

C) a defined? true, b defined? false
D) a defined? false, b defined? false

Answer: B) a defined? false, b defined? true

Explanation: The function foo() declares a variable a and assigns
it the value of 3, but it also assigns the value of 3 to an
undeclared variable b. This creates a global variable b with a
value of 3, but a is only defined within the scope of the function.
Therefore, typeof a !== 'undefined' will be true within the
function, but false outside of it. typeof b !== 'undefined' will be
true because it is a global variable.

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