LABORATORY MANUAL

ON
Pr.1b. COMPUTER APPLICATION
(For Diploma Courses1st and 2nd semester common)

By
Er. Swagatika Malik
Lecturer (Information technology)

Government Polytechnic, Balasore

At- Bidyadharpur, Po- Remuna, Balasore-756019, Odisha
 Contents
Practical Experiment Page No.
No.
1 Basic Computer Operations 1-3
2 Personal Computer System 4-6
3 Computer Lab safety and study of Lab tools 7-9
4 Operating System-DOS Commands 10-17
5 Basic Windows OS operations, MOUSE OPERATIONS, 18-22
Utilities and Accessories, Installation, and
configuration of OS
6 Basic operations of Word Processing Package. (MS- 23-27
Word)
7 Basic operations of Electronic Spread Sheet Package. 28-32
(MS-Excel)
8 Basic operations of Presentation Package (MS- Power 33-34
point) (Create, Edit, Format, Save, Print/View in the
above three packages)
9 WORKING WITH INTERNET 35-37
10 C- Programming 38-44
 Experiment-01
Name of the Experiment: To identify different components of Computer, Switch on
and Booting Process Shut down, Restart of computer.
Apparatus Required:
Sl. No. Name of the Equipment
01 Personal Computer
Procedure:
Identification of different component of Computer
KEYBOARD: It is an input device. The keyboard allows the user to intract with the
computer directly. Keyboard has Alphabet Key, Number key, some special function
keys(F1,F2………F12) Escape key (ESC) , Caps lock keys, Tab keys, Shift keys, Control
keys , Alt keys and Enter keys etc.
MOUSE: It is an input device which used to point and select on the VDU/Monitor. A
mouse has left button, right button and scroll. The function of each button is
determined by the programme that uses the mouse. A mouse can be classified as
optical or mechanical mouse depends upon the basic technology.
MONITOR: The most commonly used output devices is monitor. It is used to display
information on the screen. The information modes are text mode or graphical mode.
CPU: (CENTRAL PROCEESING UNIT): It is the brain of computer where all data should
manipulate with specified instruction then it display output. It also controls the input,
output, and storage devices. The CPU is divided into 3 basic parts.
a) Memory Unit
b) Control Unit
c) ALU (Arithmetic and logic unit)
a) Memory unit: It is called the main storage unit where we can
store the data temporarily or permanently.
b) Control unit: - It is the central nervous system of computer, which
control, maintain order or direct the operation of the entire
system. It also controls the input output(I/O) devices.
c) ALU: It performs the arithmetical calculation and logical decision.
It also manipulated the data like addition, multiplication,
subtraction and division.
STEP TO SWITCH ON THE COMPUTER
1. Switch on the power switch from the switch board.
2. Switch on UPS.
3. Switch on the CPU.
4. Switch on the monitor.
BOOTING PROCESS
The booting is a process of switching on the computer and starting the operating
system.
STEPS FOR BOOTING
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1. The Startup
It is the first step that involves switching the power ON. It supplies electricity to the
main components like BIOS and processor.

2. BIOS: Power On Self Test

It is an initial test performed by the BIOS. Further, this test performs an initial check
on the input/output devices, computer’s main memory, disk drives, etc. Moreover, if
any error occurs, the system produces a beep sound.

3. Loading of OS
In this step, the operating system is loaded into the main memory. The operating
system starts working and executes all the initial files and instructions.

4. System Configuration
In this step, the drivers are loaded into the main memory. Drivers are programs that
help in the functioning of the peripheral devices.

5. Loading System Utilities

System utilities are basic functioning programs, for example, volume control,
antivirus, etc. In this step, system utilities are loaded into the memory.

6. User Authentication
If any password has been set up in the computer system, the system checks for user
authentication. Once the user enters the login Id and password correctly the system
finally starts.

STEP TO SHUT DOWN THE COMPUTER

1. Press alt+f4 key simultaneously, select shut down option and click
on ok.
Or
Press the windows key from the keyboard or move the mouse pointer to the extreme
right corner of the screen i.e. just above the taskbar, click on setting, click on power,
click on shut down.
STEP TO RESTART THE COMPUTER
Press the Reset button to restart the computer, or press CTRL + ALT + DEL or click on
start button , then click on restart option to restart the computer.
LAYOUT OF FRONT PANEL & BACK PANEL OF COMPUTER

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3
 Experiment-2 (Personal Computer System)
Aim of the experiment:
Study of device, power supply form factor, identification of Motherboard
component, different port, connector, cooling system, processor, case
Apparatus Required:
Sl. No. Name of the Equipment
01 Personal Computer
Procedure:
Motherboard:
A motherboard is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in a computer. The
motherboard is a computer's central communications backbone connectivity point,
through which all components and external peripherals connect.
Components of Motherboard:

1. PCI Slot – This board has 2 PCI slots. These can be used for components
such as Ethernet cards, sound cards, graphics card and modems.
2. Northbridge – It allows communication between the CPU and the system
memory and PCI-E slots.
3. ATX power connection – This is one of the connections that supply
power to the motherboard. This connection will come from your Power
Supply.
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4. CPU – Fan Connection – This is where your CPU fan will connect. Using
this connection over one from your power supply will allow the
motherboard to control the speed of your fan, based on the CPU
temperature.
5. Socket – This is where your CPU will plug in. The bracket that is
surrounding it is used for high end heat sinks. It helps to support the
weight of the heat sink.
6. Memory slots – These are the slots for your RAM. Most boards will have
4 slots, but some will only have 2.
7. IDE connection – The IDE(Integrated Drive Electronics) is the connection
for your hard drive or CD / DVD drive. Most drives today come with
SATA connections, so we may not use this.
8. Southbridge – This is the controller for components such as the PCI
slots, onboard audio, and USB connection.
9. SATA connections – These will be used for hard drives, and CD / DVD
drives.
10.Front Panel connections – This is where you will hook in the connections
from your case. These are mostly the different lights on your case, such
as power on , hard drive activity etc.
11. FDD connection – The FDD is the floppy Disk controller. If you have a
floppy disk drive in your computer, this is where you will hook it up.
12. External USB connections – This is where you will plug in external USB
connections for your case or USB bracket.
13. CMOS battery – This is the motherboard’s battery. This is used to allow
the CMOS to keep it settings
Types of ports and connectors

5
6
 Experiment-3
(Computer Lab safety and study of Lab Tools)
Aim of the Experiment:
To study of various types of LAB Safety measures and procedures for proper
disposal or recycling of hazardous computer components
Apparatus Required:
Sl. No. Name of the Equipment
01 Personal Computer
Lab Safety Measures:
Safety guidelines help protect individuals from accidents and injury. They also help to
protect equipment from damage. Some of these guidelines are designed to protect
the environment.
1) General Safety
Safe working conditions help prevent injury to people and damage to computer
equipment. A safe workspace is clean, organized, and properly lighted. Everyone
must understand and follow safety procedures.
CAUTION
This is a partial list of basic safety precautions to use when working on a computer:
· Remove your watch and jewellery and secure loose clothing.
· Turn off the power and unplug equipment before performing service.
· Cover sharp edges inside the computer case with tape.
· Never open a power supply or a CRT monitor.
· Do not touch areas in printers that are hot or that use high voltage.
· Know where the fire extinguisher is located and how to use it.
· Keep food and drinks out of your workspace.
· Keep your workspace clean and free of clutter.
· Bend your knees when lifting heavy objects to avoid injuring your back.
2) Electrical Safety
Follow electrical safety guidelines to prevent electrical fires, injuries, and fatalities in
the home and the workplace.
CAUTION
· Do not wear the antistatic wrist strap when repairing power supplies or CRT
monitors. Only experienced technicians should attempt to repair power
supplies and CRT monitors.
· Some printer parts become hot during use, and other parts might contain high
voltage. Check the printer manual for the location of high-voltage
components. Some components retain a high voltage even after the printer is turned
off. Make sure that the printer has had time to cool before making the repair.

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· Electrical devices have certain power requirements. For example, AC
adapters are manufactured for specific laptops. Exchanging power cords with
a different type of laptop or device may cause damage to both the AC adapter
and the laptop.
3) Fire Safety
Fire can spread rapidly and be very costly. Proper use of a fire extinguisher can
prevent a small fire from getting out of control.
CAUTION
follow these safety procedures:
·Never fight a fire that is out of control or not contained.
·Always have a planned fire escape route before beginning any work.
·Get out of the building quickly.
·Contact emergency services for help.
·Locate and read the instructions on the fire extinguishers in your workplace.
before you have to use them.
Analysis of various Power Fluctuation Types (Blackout, Brownout, Noise, Spike)
The following types of AC power fluctuations can cause data loss or hardware failure:
·Blackout - Complete loss of AC power. A blown fuse, damaged transformer,
or downed power line can cause a blackout.
·Brownout - Reduced voltage level of AC power that lasts for a period of time.
Brownouts occur when the power line voltage drops below 80 percent of the
normal voltage level. Overloading electrical circuits can cause a brownout.
·Noise - Interference from generators and lightning. Noise results in poor
quality power, which can cause errors in a computer system.
·Spike - Sudden increase in voltage that lasts for a short period and exceeds
100 percent of the normal voltage on a line. Spikes can be caused by lightning strikes
but can also occur when the electrical system comes back on after a blackout.
·Power surge - Dramatic increase in voltage above the normal flow of
electrical current. A power surge lasts for a few nanoseconds, or one-billionth
of a second.
Power Protection Devices
To help shield against power fluctuation problems, use devices to protect the data
and computer equipment:
·Surge suppressor - Helps protect against damage from surges and spikes. A
surge suppressor diverts extra electrical voltage that is on the line to the
ground.
·Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) - Helps protect against potential
electrical power problems by supplying a consistent level of electrical power to
a computer or other device.
·Standby power supply (SPS) - Helps protect against potential electrical
power problems by providing a backup battery to supply power when the incoming
voltage drops below the normal level. The battery is on standby during normal
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operation. When the voltage decreases, the battery provides DC power to a power
inverter, which converts it to AC power for the computer. This device is not as
reliable as a UPS because of the time it takes to switch over to the battery. If the
switching device fails, the battery cannot supply power to the computer.
Procedures for proper Disposal or recycling of computer components
Equipment Disposal
Batteries
Monitors
Toner Kits & Cartridges
Chemical Solvents and Aerosol Cans

9
 Experiment-4
Working with MS DOS (Microsoft DOS Operating System)
Aim of the Experiment: To perform internal and external DOS Commands.
Apparatus Required:
Sl. No. Name of the Equipment
01 Personal Computer with DOS operating System
Procedure:
INTERNAL COMMANDS: SET, PATH, DIR, MD, CD, CD..,BREAK
EXTERNAL COMMANDS: ATTRIB,TREE,CHKDSK,APPEND
1. DIR
C:\>DIR

2. CD
C:\>USERS>CD..

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3. TYPE
D:\>TYPE TRY.TXT

4. DEL
D:\>DEL TRY.TXT

11
5. MD
D:\>MD STUDENT

Copy

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6. RMDIR
D:\>RMDIR STUDENT

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8) VER, DATE, TIME
D:\>VER
D:\>DATE
D:\>TIME

9) COPY CON
D:\>COPY CON
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10) SET, PATH
D:\>PATH
D:\>SET

TREE
C:\>TREE

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APPEND
C:\>APPEND

ATTRIB
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C:\>DOCUME~1>USER4>ATTRIB

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 Experiment-5
Working with Basic Windows Operating System
Aim of the Experiment: To perform different operations using Windows Operating
System.
Apparatus Required:
Sl. No. Name of the Equipment
01 Personal Computer with Windows operating System
Windows operating is a type of system software that acts as an interface between
the users of a computer and the computer hardware. It acts as the resource manager
that use the computer resources like CPU, memory,files and I/O devices in an efficient
manner. Example: MS DOS, MS Windows, Unix etc. There are various versions of MS
Windows available like Windows XP, Vista, 7,8 or 10.
Basic components of windows:
Window: A window is an area of desktop within which all widows-based program
run.
Desktop: Desktop refers to main background area. We can customize desktop in
various ways such.
as editing background pictures, changing background colour and changing the icons
on the desktop.
There are small pictures which appear on the left side of the desktop called icon. We
choose are of
the icon by double clicking on it.
Taskbar: The taskbar is a simple row at the very bottom of the screen where all
currently opened
files or applications are listed. It helps you select what you want to keep opened and
what you want.
to close.
Start Menu: By clicking the start menu, in the bottom left corner of the screen, a
vertical window.
consisting of the recently opened applications and saved locations will pop-up.
Clock: It displays the current time. It appears on the right side of the taskbar.
My computer: It provides a quick access to our computer disk device. Control panel
and internal
devices.
My document: It provides a complete space to store our document.

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Recycle bin: It stores all the information of all the deleted files and folder. It also
allows us to recover.
them.
Network place: It allows us to view or display various network available and files and
folders on our network.
Maximize/Minimize/Close Buttons:
These buttons are located at the top right corner of our opened documents, and the
area used to close, minimize or maximize the document window. They help us jump
from one task to another fast and let us decide either we want to close an application
or resize it’s area on the screen or just hide it for a few moments
WINDOWS UTILITIES & ACCESSORIES
In Windows 10 we still have well-known Windows Accessories folder. It is available in
Start Menu > All Apps > Windows Accessories.
1. Note pad: It is a simple text editor for Microsoft windows. It is a common text only
editor which have no format tags or styles. The extension name is .TXT .
2.Word pad: It is a basic word processor. It is more advanced then note pad but less
efficient then
Microsoft word. The extension name is .DOC.
3. Paint: It is a drawing tool. The extension name is .BMP
4. Calculator: It is commonly used icon calculating tools in window OS.
5. Character Map: It is the built-in utility for helping us insert all possible text symbols
or special characters into our document.
6. Sound recorder: It record sound and save it in the computer MOUSE OPERATIONS
A computer mouse is a hand-held pointing device that detects two-dimensional
motion relative to a surface. This motion is typically translated into the motion of a
pointer on a display, which allows a smooth control of the Graphical User Interface of
a computer. On a standard mouse, there are three controls: Left button, Right button
and the wheel in between.
Operations:
A mouse typically controls the motion of a pointer in two dimensions in a graphical
user interface
(GUI).
Different ways of operating the mouse cause specific operations to be performed in
the GUI:
• Click: pressing and releasing a button.
• (left) Single-click: Clicking the left mouse button once.
• (left) Double-click: Clicking the left button two times in quick succession. Point to
the icon to open (My Computer) on the desktop and then double-click by quickly
pressing and releasing the left mouse button twice without moving the mouse.
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• Right-click: Clicking the Right button. Point to any icon on the desktop or in a
window or a
selected character, word or paragraph and then click the right mouse button. This
brings a shortcut menu with different options depending on the software. Some of
the options are enabled (black colour) and some disabled (gray colour). The disabled
options become enabled(black) only if the object is selected.
DRAG AND DROP: In computer graphical user interface drag and drop is the action of
clicking on an object and dragging it to a different location as required.
The basic sequence involved in drag and drop is:
• Press and hold down, the button on the mouse or the other pointing device to
“grab” the object.
• “Drag” the object/ cursor/ pointing device to the desired location.
“Drop” the object by releasing the button.
FIND FILES AND FOLDERS:
Click on start button. The start menu will appear.
Highlight search.
Click files or folders. The search results dialog box will open.
Choose on option.
Enter your search criteria. Use the table that follows to help you.
Click search. The results of your search will appear in the right pan.
CHANGE WINDOW TASKBAR PROPERTIES:
Right-click a blank area of the taskbar.
From the menu, select properties.
In the taskbar and start menu properties dialog.
Check group similar taskbar buttons.
Click ok.
CREATE A SHORTCUT TO AN ITEM ON THE DESKTOP
Click start. The start menu will appear.
Locate the item which you want to create a shortcut. If the item is located on a
submenu, go to the submenu.
Click and drag the item on your desktop.
KEYBOARD OPERATIONS:
This table lists the commonly used shortcut keys:
TO PRESS
Activate Help F1
Activate context- sensitive Help Shift –F1Zoom in (limit 1600%) PgUP
Zoom out (limit 25%) PgDN
Switch windows forward F6
Switch window backward Shift-F6
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Undo an operation CTRL-Z
Redo an operation CTRL-Y
Close Maxlm DL ALT-F4
Open a file CTRL-N
Save a file CTRL-S
Create a new file CTRL-N
Open camera control window CTRL-W
Open Observatory control window CTRL-T
FILE EXPLORER / WINDOWS EXPLORER AND UTILITIES
File / Windows Explorer: It is a place we can view the drives on your computer and
manipulate the folders and files using windows explorer. We can cut, copy, Paste,
Rename and delete folders and files.
To Open Windows Explorer:
I. Click the start button, located in the lower left corner on our screen.
II. Go to the programs.
III. Go to Accessories.
IV. Click windows explorer.
To create file/folders: Open windows explorer ® Right click in right side ® New ®
File/Folder To cut/copy/paste/delete- File/Folder
CUT:
• Select what you want to cut.
• Click Edit, which is located on the menu bar. A drop-down menu will appear.
• Click Cut.
PASTE:
• Place the cursor at the point where you want to place the information that is
currently on the Clipboard.
• Click Edit. A drop-down menu will appear.
• Click Paste.
COPY:
• Select what you want to copy.
• Click Edit, which is located on the menu bar. A drop-down menu will appear.
• Click copy.
Using keyboard shortcuts :
Cut:
• Select what you want to cut.
• Press Ctrl + X.
Paste:
• Place the cursor at the point where you want to place the information that is
currently on
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the Clipboard.
• Press Ctrl + V.
Copy:
• Select what you want to copy.
• Press Ctrl + C.
Expanding and collapsing explorer folders : We will find a (+) and (-) sign on the left
side of the list
of folders.
By clicking on “+” sign we expanding the folder or click on “-“ sign we collapse the
folders.

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 Experiment-6
Basic operations of Word Processing Package. (MS-Word)
Aim of the Experiment: To study and perform various operations using MS Office.
Apparatus Required:
Sl. No. Name of the Equipment
01 Personal Computer with MS Office Suit
MS-WORD is the part of the bigger package called MS-OFFICE. We can do much more
than word processing.
What is word processing?
Word processing is a software package that enables you to create, print and save
document for future retrial and reference creating a document involves typing by
using a keyboard and saving it editing a document a document involves correcting
the spelling mistakes if any deleting or moving words sentence or paragraph.
Advantages of word processing:
Word processor over a conventional typewriter is that a word processor enables you
to may change to a document without retyping the entire document.
Features of word processing:
1. Text is typing into the computer which allows alteration to be made easily
2. Word and sentence can be inserted or deleted.
3. Paragraph or text can be copy/move throughout the documents.
4. Margins and page length can be adjusted as desired.
5. Spelling can be checked and modify through the spell check facility.
6. Multiple documents/files can be merged.
7. Multiple copies of letters can be generated with different address through the
male merger facility.
Some commands of a word processing package:
1. Create New Document.
2. Save Document
3. Insert Word Art.
4. Insert Chart
5. Footer.
6. Header.
Important components of the screen:
1. Title bar: - The title bar displayed the name of the currently active word document
like other
windows applications.
2. Toolbar: - Word has a number of tool bar that help you perform task faster and
with great

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 easy two of the most commonly toolbar are the formatting toolbar and the standard
toolbar.
3. Ruler bar: - the ruler bar allows you to format the vertical alignment of text in a
document.
4. Status bar: - The status bar displays information about the currently activate
document. This
includes the page no. that you are working.
5. Scroll bar: - This bar helps scroll the content or body of document.
6. Work space: - The work space is the document windows where you enter/type the
text of
your document.
7. Main menu: - The word main menu is displayed at the top if the screen.

Create a new Document:

Step 1 - Click the File tab and select the New option.
· The New Document dialog box appears.
· Select Blank document under the Blank and recent section. It will be
highlighted by default.

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·

Add and format text

1. Place the cursor and type some text.

2. To format, select the text and then select an option: Bold, Italic, Bullets, Numbering,
and more.

Add Pictures, Shapes, SmartArt, Chart, and more

1. Select the Insert tab.

2. Select what you want to add:
3. Tables - select Table, hover over the size you want, and select it.
4. Pictures - select Pictures, browse for pictures from your computer.
5. Shapes - select Shapes, and choose a shape from the drop-down.
6. Icons - select Icons, pick the one you want, and select Insert.
7. 3D Models - select 3D Models, choose from a file or online source, go to the image
you want, and select Insert.
8. SmartArt - select SmartArt, choose a SmartArt Graphic, and select OK.
9. Chart - select Chart, select the chart you want, and select OK.
10.Screenshot - select Screenshot and select one from the drop-down.

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 To insert a header or footer:
· Select the Insert tab.
· Click either the Header or Footer command. A menu appears with a list
of built-in options you can use.
· Left click one of the built-in options, and it will appear in the document.

OR
· Left click Blank to select it.

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· Saving New Document
· Once you are done with typing in your new Word document, it is time to save your
document to avoid losing work you have done on a Word document. Following are
the steps to save an edited Word document -
· Step 1 - Click the File tab and select the Save As option.

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 Experiment-7
Basic operations of Microsoft Excel. (MS-Excel)
Aim of the Experiment: To study and perform various operations using MS Excel
Apparatus Required
Sl. No. Name of the Equipment
01 Personal Computer with MS Office Suit

MS Excel
Introduction to Microsoft Excel 2007
Microsoft Excel is a very powerful tool for you to use for numeric computations and
analysis Excel can also function as a simple database but that is another class. Today
we will look at how to get starting with Excel and show you around the neighborhood
sort of speak.
Starting MS-Excel 2007
· To start Microsoft Excel:
· Click once on the Start button on the bottom left corner of the screen.
· Click on All Programs.
· Move the cursor to the new menu on the right and then click on Microsoft Office
2007.
· Move the cursor to the next menu that opens and click Microsoft Office excel
2007.
· A blank document will appear on the screen.
Main screen of a Microsoft Excel 2007 Document
This is a workbook. A workbook is a collection of worksheets (spreadsheets) and
macros. By default, Excel creates 3 worksheets in a new workbook. The worksheets
are designated at the bottom part of the window where you see the file folder-like
tabs. The tabs are named Sheet1,Sheet2 and Sheet3. If you click on Sheet2, you will
be in Sheet2 and not Sheet1 so you need to be aware of which worksheet you are in.
Office Fluent user interface
In Excel 2007, the new Office Fluent user interface replaces the traditional menus and
toolbars from previous versions of Excel with a single mechanism designed to help
users find the right features more efficiently.
The interface contains three main components:
·Office Button
·Quick Access Toolbar
·Ribbon
Open a New Workbook
Sometimes you have to create a new workbook.
1. Click on the Office Button
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2. Click on New
You are now able to open recently used or new workbooks from this panel. You can
also open up templates that are available with Excel or ones that you create. If you
click on Blank Workbook, Excel will create a new workbook for you.
What are Columns, Rows, and Cells?
·Columns are the vertical markers in the worksheet and are denoted by the alphabet
i.e. A, B, C.
·The rows are the horizontal markers in the worksheet and are denoted by numbers
i.e. 1, 2, 3.
·Cells are the single box that you get where the column and row intersect i.e. A1, B3,
and C2.
You will often need to know the cell reference. The cell reference is the cell‘s name
and you can find that by looking at the toolbar. This means that the cell that is
selected is named C28.
Selecting a cell
1. We are going to select C28. Look for the C column.
2. Look for the Row number 28.
3. You may use your finger to follow the column C down to where row 28 is.
4. Once you have located it, click on it.
5. Look at the toolbar; the cell reference box should say C28. If it does not, try again.
6. After you have done this, click on a different cell and note the cell reference box.
Selecting a group of cells A4 to D10
1. Click on the first cell A4
2. Click and Hold the mouse button down. Drag the cursor down to D10.
3. Let go of the mouse button.
4. If you did it correctly, you should see a Highlighted box around those cells. If not,
try again. Please see the picture on the next page.
Basic data entry, fill handle.
From the example, we have numeric (year, numbers) and text (months) entered as
data in our worksheet. Let us practice by re-creating the example on our own.

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Method 1
1. Click on cell A2 to select it.
2. Type in 1981 and hit Enter. Notice by hitting Enter, we automatically move down
to the
next row. (we can also do the same by hitting the down arrow)
3. Click on cell B1 to select it.
4. Type in January and hit Tab. By hitting Tab (or right arrow), we move to the next
column. We can continue to doing this to enter the data from 1981 to 1992 and so
on, but Excel provides us with a tool to complete sequences.
Method 2:
1. Click on cell A2 to select it.
2. Type in 1981 and hit Enter.
3. Type in 1982, and then select both cells A2 and A3.
4. Move your mouse cursor over the fill handle (small black box on the bottom right
of the, active cell) so that the cursor turns into a cross.
5. Click and drag the fill handle down to the cell desired.
Copy, Cut, Paste

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You can Copy, Cut and Paste anything into your worksheet. You can copy from one
worksheet to another worksheet in another book. Let‘s concentrate on the basics.
We are going to copy cells D4 to H9.
Cut/Copy and Paste to the same worksheet.
1. Using the same worksheet, select cells A4 to D10.
2. Use CTRL-c to copy and CTRL-x to cut the selected cells.
3. Click on cell E29. It should be blank.
4. Use CTRL-v to paste the data.
You can also use the toolbar shortcuts for cut/copy/paste as the functionality is the
same.
Insert & delete columns, rows, and cells
Have you ever entered all of your data and realized that you are missing an entry in
the middle of the worksheet? If yes and you did not know how to add columns or
rows, it would be really difficult to fix. Well, there is an easier method.
You can insert columns, rows, or cells in any spot on your worksheet.
Using the sort feature
We want to insert a new row for Anne Frank‘s contact information between John Doe
1. And Fred Johnson but this time we will create her record in line 5.
1. Select cells A1 to G5
2. Go to the Data tab, then click on Sort
3. In the sort option window, use the pull down boxes to select the sort criteria. In
this case
we want to sort by Last Name, ascending order A-Z, then click on OK.
Delete columns and rows
We all make mistakes. It is very easy to remove a column or rows.
1. Select the column or row that you want to delete.
2. Point at the highlighted column name or row name and right click.
3. A pop-up menu should appear
4. Select Delete
5. The column or row should be gone.
Inserting & deleting new worksheets
There will be many times when you need to add a whole worksheet rather than
columns or rows.
Insert a worksheet:
1. Right Click on the tabs where the name of the worksheets are.
2. Click on Insert
3. Select what kind of insert you want from the window.
4. To move the worksheet, click and hold the left mouse button on the worksheet
tab. Drag
the tab to where you want it to be placed. Note: you can only move the worksheet
tabs to
the left or right.
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Delete a worksheet:
1. Click on the tab of the worksheet that you want to delete.
2. Right Click on the same tab of the worksheet
3. Click on Delete
Printing
Printing your worksheets out to a printer would be a nice thing to know how to do. If
the information that you have on the worksheet fits on an 8.5‖x11‖ paper, you have
no trouble printing your worksheet out. The problem arises when you have a larger
worksheet. You may have noticed that your worksheet has dashed lines running
down and across it; this is your print area.

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 Experiment-8
Basic operations of Microsoft PowerPoint. (MS-PowerPoint)
Aim of the Experiment: To study and perform various operations using MS
PowerPoint
Apparatus Required
Sl. No. Name of the Equipment
01 Personal Computer with MS Office Suit
MS-POWER POINT
The presentation software is used for creation of the slides and to display the
information in form of presentation software are easy to use and provide an
alternative to other older types of visual aids like hand drawn slides, black board,
posters, hand outs or overhead transparency. A presentation software provide tool
like editor that allows insertion and formatting of text and methods for inserting and
manipulating graphics images along with sound and visual effects.

33
Features of MS-Power point:
1. Design.
2. Flexibility.
3. Animation.
4. Presentation.
5. Effects.
6. Multimedia.
7. Integration.
Presentation terminology:
1. Audience hangouts.
2. Free hand drawing.
3. Object.
4. Outline.
5. Placeholder.
6. Slides.
7. Speaker‘s notes.
Starting the MS-Power point:
1. Using the start menu.
(a) Click on start button.
(b) Click at programs.
(c) Click on MS-Office sub menu.
2. By using shortcuts.
User can use these facilities if the icon of the software has been created and it put on
desktop.
3. By using Microsoft office bar.
4. Menu bar and menu.
5. Screen of MS-Power point.
Screen of MS Power Point:
1. Title bar: The title bar displayed the name of the currently active word document
like other windows applications.
2. Toolbar: Word has a number of tool bar that help you perform task faster and with
great easy two of the most commonly toolbar are the formatting toolbar and the
standard toolbar.
3. Ruler bar: The ruler bar allows you to format the vertical alignment of text in a
document.
4. Status bar: The status bar displays information about the currently activate
document. This includes the page no. that you are working.
5. Scroll bar: This bar helps scroll the content or body of document.
6. Workspace: The workspace is the document windows where you enter/type the
text of your document.
7. Main bar: The word main menu is displayed at the top if the screen

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 EXPERIMENT à9
Working with Internet
Aim of the Experiment: To study about web browser and working with Internet and
Email.
Apparatus Required:
Sl. No. Name of the Equipment
01 Personal Computer with Internet Connectivity
Procedure:
Web browser & E-Mail
A web browser is a software application which enables a user to display and interact
with text, images, videos, music, and other information that could be on a website.
Text and images on awe page can contain hyperlinks to other web pages at the same
or different website. Web browsers allow a user to quickly and easily access
information provided on many web pages atman websites by traversing these links.
Web browsers format HTML information for displays the appearance of a web page
many differ between browsers.
Purpose:
Web browser defines the application software that is designed for the Web browser
is used to run the software application that allows retrieving, presenting and
traversing the information from one place to another Web browser provides the
resources using the WWW (World Wide Web) this can be identified by URI (Uniform
Resource Identifier).Web browser fetches the data like web page, image, video or
other piece of content from the server and displays it accordingly Web browser uses
hyperlinks to display the resources and allow the users to navigate their browsers
user to access and retrieve the documents using the Internet.
Protocols and Standards
Web browsers communicated with web servers primarily using HTTP (hypertext
transfer protocol) to fetch web pages. HTTP allows web browsers to submit
information to web servers as well as fetch web pages from them. Pages are
identified by means of a URL (uniform resource locater), which is treated as an
address, beginning with ―h p://‖ for HTTP access. The file format for a web page is
usually HTML (hyper-text markup language) and is identified in the HTTP protocol.
Most web browsers also support a variety of additional formats, such aspen, PNG,
and GIF image formats, and can be extended to support more through the use of
plug-in. The combination of HTTP content type and URL protocol specification allows
webpage designers to embed images, animations, video, sound, and streaming media
into a webpage, or to make them accessible through the web page.
Popular Browsers 1. Firefox
Firefox is a very popular web browser. One of the great things about Firefox is that it
is supported on all different OSs. Firefox is also open source which makes its support
group Avery large community of open source developers. Firefox is also known for its

35
vast range of plugins/add-ons that let the user customize in a variety of ways. Firefox
is a product of the
Mozilla Foundation. The latest version of Firefox is Firefox 3.Some of Firefox‘s most
prominent features includes: tabbed browsing, a spell checker, incremental find, live
bookmarking, a download manager, and an integrated search system that uses the
user‘s favorite search engine. Like mentioned before, one of the best things about
Firefox is its vast amount of plugging/addons. Some of the most popular include No
Script (script blocker), Foxy Tunes (controls music players), Ad block Plus (ad blocker),
Stumble Upon (website discovery), Down Them All! (Download functions), and Web
Developer (web tools).
2. Internet Explorer
Internet Explorer (IE - created by Microsoft) is a very prominent web browser for the
Windows. IE is the most popular web browser. It comes pre-installed on all Windows
computers. The latest version of IE is IE7 with IE8 in beta. IE was designed to view a
broad range of web pages and to provide certain features within the OS.IE almost
fully supports HTML 4.01, CSS Level 1, XML 1.0, and DOM Level 1. It has introduced a
number of proprietary extensions to many of the standards. This has resulted in
number of web pages that can only be viewed properly using IE. It has been subject
to many security vulnerabilities just like Windows has. Much of the spyware, adware,
and viruses across the Internet are made possible by exploitable bugs and flaws in
the security architecture of IE.These are drive-by downloads come into play (see
computer security lesson for more details on that).
E-mail:
E-mail (electronic mail) is the exchange of computer-stored messages by
telecommunication. (Some publications spell it email; we prefer the currently more
established spelling of e-mail.) E-mail messages are usually encoded in ASCII text.
However, you can also send non-text files, such as graphic images and sound files, as
attachments sent in binary streams. E-mail was one of the first uses of the Internet
and is still the most popular use. A large percentage of the total traffic over the
Internet is e-mail. E-mail can also be exchanged between online service provider
users and in networks other than the Internet, both public and privateer-mail can be
distributed to lists of people as well as to individuals. A shared distribution list can be
managed by using an e-mail reflector. Some mailing lists allow you to
subscribe by sending a request to the mailing list administrator. A mailing list that is
administered automatically is called a list server‘s-mail is one of the protocols
included with the Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite of
protocols. A popular protocol for sending e-mail is Simple Mail Transfer Protocol and
a popular protocol for receiving it is POP3. Both Netscape and Microsoft include an e-
mail utility with their Web browsers.
How to Create a Email
Gmail has been increasing in popularity since it was first introduced in 2004. With the
decline of Yahoo!, AOL, and Hotmail, more and more people are moving to Google‘s
36
services. Creating a Gmail account is quick and easy, and also provides you access to
other Google products such as YouTube, Google Drive, and Google Plus.
Creating Your Account
Suppose if u want to open your account on gmail.com. Then follow the steps given
below Open a Web browser (internet explorer or Google chrome or Mozilla etc.)write
in address bar www.gmail.com and you will get below image Now click on "CREATE
AN ACCOUNT", as shown in below (check the red arrow) .After clicking on "CREATE
AN ACCOUNT‖ button you will get a window as shown in below image Fill all the
details, here the user name is the desired user ID which you want to create. after
felling all the details click on "Next step" Button (check the red arrow)after next step
it will ask for Phone number for verification, enter cell phone number and click on
next now click on "next step " button and you will get you inbox Cong‘syou have
created your new Gmail ID Enjoy your new Gmail account. You're finished! Click on
"Continue to Gmail" to access your inbox, read your emails, and write new ones.
Use of Email
Email is one of the most important forms of communication in today's digital age. It's
the way that millions (if not billions) of people stay in touch with each other. Luckily,
this form of nearinstant communication is completely free. Make a free email
account today to starts sending and receiving email immediately. Read on below the
jump for detailed instruction son registering a new email account with several of the
internet's most popular email providers. Go to Gmail.com. The first step to creating
an email account with Gmail, Google's free email service, is to visit Gmail's main site.
Type "gmail.com" into your browser's navigation bar, or, alternatively, type "Gmail"
into your search engine of choice and click the relevant result. The email is actually
used to transfer messages between one to another. It is also used for:-
1. Group discussion by making groups in hotmail, yahoo, etc
2. Stay in touch with users attached in the group.
3. Transmitting documents through attachments
4. Group email to multiple users
5. Convenient way of sending job application.
6. Easy method of advertisement.
7. Receiving conformation of service.
8. Service subscription

37
 EXPERIMENT à10
“C” Programming
Aim of the Experiment:
To learn C programming language, its compilation and execution to get the desired
result.
Apparatus Required:
Sl. No. Name of the Equipment
01 Personal Computer with “C” Editor software

Q1.W.A.P to print the message as “Welcome to Govt. Polytechnic, Balasore”.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
printf(“Govt. Polytechnic, Balasore “);
}
Output =
Govt. Polytechnic, Balasore
Q2. W.A.P to accept sum of 2numbers.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a, b, sum;
clrscr();
printf(“enter two nos“);
scanf(“%d%d”,&a,&b);
sum=a+b;
printf(“The sum of the two number is %d”,sum);
}
Output =
Enter two numbers 23 24
Sum of numbers is 47
Q3. W.A.P in C to find the greatest number among three numbers
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a, b, c;
clrscr();
printf(“enter3nos“);
scanf(“%d%d%d”,&a,&b,&c);
38
 if(a>=b&&a>=c)
{
printf(“largestis%d”,a);
}
else
if(b>=a&&b>=c)
{
printf(“largestis%d”,b);
}
else
if(c>=a&&c>=b)
{
printf(“largestis%d”,c);
}
}
Output =
Enter3nos 349070
Largestis90
Q4. W.A.P in C to find the average of n numbers by using for loop.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i, n, num;
float sum, avg;
clrscr();
printf(“enter the nth value : ”);
scanf (“%d”, &n);
for (i=1; i<=n; i++)
{
printf(“enter a number : ”);
scanf(“%d”, &num);
sum = sum + num;
}
avg = sum/n;
printf(“average of %d different number is %d : ”, n, avg);
}
Output =
enter the nth value : 3
enter a number : 25 36 78
average of 3 different number is 46.33
Q5. W.A.P in C to determine whether a number is prime or not ?
39
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int n, i, flag = 0;
printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
for (i = 2; i < n / 2; ++i)
{
if (n % i == 0)
{
flag = 1;
break;
}
}
if (n == 1)
{
printf("1 is neither prime nor composite.");
}
else if (flag == 0)
{
printf("%d is a prime number.", n);
}
else
{
printf("%d is not a prime number.", n);
}}
Output=
Enter a positive integer: 7
7 is a prime number.
Q6. W.A.P in C to check whether a given number is palindrome or
not ?
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int n, rev = 0, rem, temp;
printf("Enter a number“);
scanf("%d", &n);
temp = n;
while (temp != 0)
{
rem = temp % 10;
rev = rev * 10 + rem;
40
temp = temp/10;
}
if (rev == n)
printf("%d is a palindrome number.\n", n);
else
printf("%d isn't a palindrome number.\n", n);
}
Output =
Enter a number 131
131 is a palindrome
Q7. W.A.P in C to accept row wise and column wise element in a
two dimensional array and print them.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i, j, mark[3][3];
clrscr();
printf("enter 9 elements ");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for (j=0; j<3; j++)
{
scanf("%d",&mark[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\n the matrix elements are \n");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for (j=0; j<3; j++)
{
printf("%d \t",mark[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
OUTPUT =
Enter 9 elements
11 22 33
44 55 66
77 88 99
the matrix elements are
41
11 22 33
44 55 66
77 88 99
Q8. W.A.P in C to find the vowels in a given string.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, count = 0;
char s[50];
printf("Input a string\n");
gets(s);
for (i=0; s[i]!=`\0’; i++)
{
if (s[i] == 'a' || s[i] == 'A' || s[i] == 'e' || s[i] == 'E' || s[i] == 'i' || s[i]
== 'I' || s[i] =='o' || s[i]=='O' || s[i] == 'u' || s[i] == 'U')
{
count++;
}}
printf("Number of vowels in the string: %d", count);
return 0;
}
OUTPUT =
Input a string Rourkela
Number of vowels in the string : 4
Q9. W.A.P in C to find the factorial of a number by using recursion.
int fact(int n);
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int num,f;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the number: ");
scanf("%d",&num);
f=fact(num);
printf("\n The factorial of the number %d is %d",num,f);
getch();
}
int fact(int n)
{
if(n==0 || n==1)
return 1;
42
else
return(n * fact(n-1));
}
OUTPUT =
Enter a number 3
The factorial of the number 3 is 6
Q10. W.A.P in C to find the sum of Fibonacci series, by using
function.
#include <stdio.h>
void Fibo(int r);
void main()
{
Int range;
printf(“ enter the range of Fibonacci series :”);
scanf(“%d”, &range);
fibo(range);
}
void fibo(int r)
{
Int a=0, b=1, c, sum=0;
while( a <= r)
{
sum +=a;
c = a+b;
a = b;
b = c;
}
Printf(“sum of fibo series is %d”,sum);
}
OUTPUT = enter the range of Fibonacci series :4
sum of fibo series is 7
Q 11. W.A.P in C to accept a number from keyboard and print it in
reverse order of entry, by using function.
#include <stdio.h>
void reverse(int no);
void main()
{
int n ;
printf("Enter a number“);
scanf("%d", &n);
reverse (n);
}
43
void reverse(int no)
{
int rev = 0, rem,temp;
temp = no;
while (temp != 0)
{
rem = temp % 10;
rev = rev * 10 + rem;
temp = temp/10;
}
printf("reverse of the no is %d \n", rev);
}
Output =
Enter a number 131
Reverse of the no is 131
Q12. W.A.P in C to compute the sine series.
// WAP to find the sine series
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h> //sine and M_PI is defined in math.h
void main()
{
float angle,value;
printf("Enter an angle:");
scanf("%f",&angle);
value=sin(angle*M_PI/180); //M_PI is a constant used to
represent pi
printf("sin(%.0f)=%.4f",angle,value);
getch();
}
Enter an angle: 30
Output:
sin(30)=0.5

COURSE OUTCOME OF COMPUTER APPLICATION LAB (PR-1)

CO1 Analyze the working and application of PC and internet
CO2 Apply the different tools and utilities of the Operating System (DOS,
Windows)
CO3 Use MS Office to create, edit Word file, Spreadsheet and present
documents
CO4 Develop programs by using ‘C’ language.
CO5 Write and explain the procedure of the experiments conducted

44