Data Communication Theory

Data Communication Theory Basis
Training Objectives
 Know data communication theory basis

 Know the application scenario and networking solution of data
communication products
 Master common technical knowledge points of data communication
products
 Know common features of switch
 Master backup & restore configuration
 Master system upgrading method
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www.fiberhomegroup.com
CONTENT
Switch Brief Introduction
Switch Knowledge Points
Switch Networking
Switch Introduction
Backup & Upgrading

Switch Introduction
 Switch is working on the OSI layer 2, the data link layer device, can identify the MAC
address, by parsing the destination MAC address of a data frame, data frame can be
quickly forwarded from the source port to the destination port, so as to avoid collision
with other ports, improve the network exchange and transmission speed.
 Layer 3 switches is the switch with router functions, can work in the OSI layer 3, the
network layer, can also work on layer 2. Layer 3 switches as a layer 3 device equivalent
to multiple port router. Layer 3 switches can according to the IP address to forward
packets.
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Switching Principle
 Switch working principle is to store and forward, it will store the data frames sending
from the port first, by parsing the data frame to obtain the destination MAC address,
then retrieve the destination port linked to the destination host by checking the MAC
address and interface mapping table (MAC table/forwarding database), immediately
forward the data frame from source port directly to the destination port after the
specific MAC entry be found in the MAC table.
Switch#show mac-address verbose

Total number of mac-address is :2
MAC Address Vlan Interface Oper-Type Type
68:f7:28:76:f7:56 1 ge-1/25 forward dynamic
00:86:57:25:e3:f4 1 fe-1/8 forward static
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CONTENT
Switch Networking
Switch Introduction
Backup & Upgrading

MAC Address Definition
 MAC ( Medium/Media Access Control),

MAC address is also called hardware
address, consists of 48bit (6byte,
1byte=8bits), 16 hexadecimal numbers.
 0~23 bits is called OUI (organizationally
unique identification, is to identify the
LAN (local area network) node.
 24~47 bits is assigned by the
manufacturer. The 48th bit is the
multicast address sign.
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MAC Address Table
 The initial MAC address table is empty
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MAC Address Learning
 Host A sends data frame to host C

 Switch record the MAC address of host A by learning the SA (source MAC address) of the data frame,
the corresponding interface is E0 (Ethernet port 0)
 The data frame is forwarded to all other ports other than the port E0 (this unicast communication uses
flood method if the switch doesn’t know the DA)
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MAC Address Learning
 Workstation D sends data frame to workstation C

 Switch caching the MAC address of workstation D into port E3
 Switch flood the frame to all ports other than E3
 If workstation C replies, switch will cache the MAC address of workstation C with port E2 into MAC
address table
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MAC Address Filtering
 Workstation A sends data frame to workstation C

 Because of the DA is already acquired, frame will be forwarded based on the MAC address table, but
NOT flood the frame
 At the same time, refresh the MAC aging time of workstation C
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Broadcast & Multicast Frame
 Workstation D sends broadcast or multicast frame

 Broadcast or multicast frame will be flooded to all the ports except the source port
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Static/Dynamic MAC Address
 Static MAC Address

Manually added static MAC address
 Dynamic MAC Address
Dynamically learned MAC address
 Security MAC Address
Bind the specific MAC address to the specific port with specific vlan
 Blackhole MAC Address
Abandoned MAC address
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MAC Address Aging Time & Limit
 Configure the MAC aging time can cause MAC address dying out
 Too long aging time can cause massive outdated MAC addresses caching in the MAC
address table
 Too short aging time can cause the switch to delete multiple valid MAC address entries
probably, so switch will broadcast massive frame that could not find the DA, the
broadcast frame will cost a lot of bandwidth, in order to make performance degradation
of switch
 When the learned amount of MAC addresses is too large for the switch, even exceed
the maximum limitation, switch will not go on learning MAC addresses
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VLAN – Virtual LAN
 VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network), is a kind of technology that dividing the equipments
into different sub-networks logically but NOT physically, in order to realize the virtual
workgroup
 The main purpose of VLAN division is to isolate broadcast domains. Broadcast domain
is a logical computer group, computers within the group can receive the same
broadcast information.
 Collision domain: every node within one collision domain will receive all kinds of sent frames
 Broadcast domain: A set of all devices can receive the broadcast frames from any
equipment in the network
 Collision domain based on layer 1 (Physical Layer)
 Broadcast domain based on layer 2 (Data Link Layer)
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VLAN – Virtual LAN
How to isolate broadcast domain?

?
Router
VLAN
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VLAN in Single Switch
1 2 3 4
Switch Vlan10 A B
Vlan20 C D
vlan10 vlan20
A B C D
Business Dep. Financial Dep.
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VLAN in Cross Switches
Switch 1 Switch 2
1 2 3 4 5
vlan10
vlan10
?
frame
5 1 2 3 4
vlan20
vlan10 vlan20 vlan10 vlan20
Business Dep. Financial Dep. Business Dep. Financial Dep.
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18
“Labeling” standard – 802.1Q
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IEEE802.1Q Introduction
 802.1Q protocol defines a new Ethernet frame field, compare with the standard of
Ethernet frame header, there is a new VLAN tag field of 4 bytes will be added after the
SA field in the VLAN frame format
 TPID is a new type of IEEE definition, which indicates that this is a message added with
802.1Q tag
802.1Q
Label
Header
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 Tag Protocol Identifier (TPID): 802.1Q labeled frame identification, normally will be
0x8100 in hexadecimal number
 VLAN Identifier (VLAN ID / VID): 12 bits of VLAN ID, range is 1~4094, 1 for native VLAN,
number above 4000 for reservation
 Canonical Format Indicator (CFI): this unique bit is mainly used in the frame exchanged
between the bus-type Ethernet and FDDI, token ring
 Class of Service (COS / User Priority): the 3 bits indicate the priority of the frame.
There’re total 8 priorities based on the bit number of COS, mainly functionalized during
congestion of switch, preference to forward high-priority frames
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 VLAN attributes of the port: Port within the corresponding VLAN can be tagged, also
can be untagged
 Port is tagged or untagged is only relative to the TX direction. If port is tagged, frame
will be sent out with VLAN tag, otherwise, VLAN tag will be stripped off before sending
out
 But PVID (port VLAN id) is only functionalized to the RX direction
untagged
Vid tagged
Vid tagged
PVID－ untagged frame? Strip off VLAN tag?
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VLAN Port Mode
 ACCESS mode port only belongs to one VLAN, the ports inside the VLAN are all
untagged
 TRUNK mode port can belongs to multiple VLANs, and with all tagged port belongs to
each VLAN. Can receive and transmit multiple VLAN frames, often used between
switches
 Hybrid mode port can also belongs to multiple VLANs, and with tagged/untagged port
both
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VLAN Port Mode
Port
Tx/Rx Description
Mode
Determine whether frame with VLAN tag: if NO, tag the frame by PVID, then forward the frame;
Rx
if YES, just drop the frame (Default)
Access
Tx Strip off the VLAN tag of frame, then transmit the frame
Determine whether frame with VLAN tag: if NO, tag the frame by PVID, then forward the frame;
Rx if YES, also if the TRUNK port allow the specified VLAN to pass, forward the frame, otherwise,
drop the frame
Trunk
Compare the VLAN ID of the frame with PVID, if they’re same, strip off the VLAN tag, then
Tx
transmit, otherwise just transmit the frame directly without any change
Determine whether frame with VLAN tag, if NO, tag the frame by PVID, then forward the frame,
Rx if YES, also if the HYBRID port allow the specified VLAN to pass, forward the frame, otherwise,
drop the frame
Hybrid
Determine port property of the specified VLAN (show vlan verbose can see which VLANs are
Tx untag, which VLANs are tag), if its untag, strip off the VLAN tag, then transmit; if its tag, just
transmit directly
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VLAN in Cross Switches
Vlan untag tag Vlan untag tag
10 p1,p2 p5 10 p1,p2 p5
20 p3,p4 p5 20 p3,p4 p5
Switch 1 v10 frame Switch 2
1 2 3 4 5 5 1 2 3 4
T vlan10 T
A A A A vlan20 A A A A
vlan10 vlan20 frame vlan10 vlan20
frame
Business Dep. Financial Dep. Business Dep. Financial Dep.
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Hybrid Ports
 Hybrid mode ports

➢ Hybrid ports can belong to multiple VLANs simultaneously
➢ Hybrid ports supports whether the transmitted frame have VLAN tag by manual
specification
➢ For the specified VLAN, frames transmitted by hybrid port MUST have the same
type of action(only untag, or only tag)
➢ Hybrid port can be used to connecting switches, also can be used to connect PC,
server or other terminal equipment
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Problems with Hybrid Ports
switch
vlan10
vlan20 Vlan10? Vlan20?
v10 frame
frame
 When hybrid port received frame with VLAN tag, forward the frame by vid of the frame
 When hybrid port received frame without VLAN tag, how to forward the frame?
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Solution - PVID
 PVID: Port default VLAN ID

➢ When port received frame without VLAN tag, forward the frame by pvid of the port
(tag pvid to the frame, then forward)
➢ One port has one and only one pvid, each port’s pvid=1 at the beginning
➢ Access port: pvid equals to the VLAN belonged to the port
➢ Trunk port: pvid=1 by default, but because of the cascade ports are both trunk
mode, generally do not need to modify
➢ Hybrid port: pvid=1 by default, generally need to modify manually
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Solution - PVID
 PVID: In the port-based VLAN isolation, every port has its own PVID
 Function: Because port can belongs to multiple VLANs, when one frame without VLAN
tag coming into the port, switch encapsulate the frame with VLAN tag by PVID, and also
learn (MAC address) and forward (frame) by PVID
vlan5
untagged vlan7 pvid10 tagged

vlan9
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Summary of VLAN Knowledge
 Switch need to decide the frame should be forwarded in which VLAN when receiving
the frame
Based on the VLAN tag field of the frame
VLAN tagged frame – forward by vid of frame
VLAN untagged frame – forward by VLAN belonged
to the port
 Switch need to determine whether frame carrying VLAN tag field when sending the
frame
Based on the VLAN property of the port
Access port – send VLAN untagged frame
Trunk port – send VLAN tagged frame
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Layer 2 VLAN Forwarding
 Switch forward frames by hardware chip under line speed
 Switch forward frames based on MAC address + VID learning, learn the MAC address to
the port
 Switch check the DA of the frame through L2 table (VLAN forwarding table), if found the
entry, forward the frame to the specified port, if NOT found the entry, broadcast to all
the ports within the same VLAN
 If SA in the frame of the port received by switch and the port relative to DA in the entry
of L2 table is the same port, then drop the frame
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VLAN Limitation
VLAN2 VLAN4
VLAN3
VLAN isolated broadcast domain, but also isolated the users

simultaneouslly
How could users communicate with each other accros VLAN?
VLAN routing
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VLAN Routing
VLAN 100 VLAN 200
VLAN 300
 Flows among different VLANs can not cross the VLAN border, routing technology is
needed
 Frames can be forwarded from one VLAN to another VLAN by VLAN routing
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CONTENT
Switch Networking
Switch Introduction
Backup & Upgrading

Metro-E Aggregation Solution
CR P
IP Core
PE PE
BRAS IP/MPLS Service Router
S7800/S5800
Aggregation and Access
OLT Switch IPRAN CDN Center DSLAM／MSAN
ONU
L2 Switch IPRAN CDN Edge DSLAM/MSAN
POE Access Access
DSLAM LAN
Base
FTTB/O/H Wireless Backhaul Home ADSL＋，VDSL
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LAN Access Solution
MPLS/MPLS VPN
CR P
50ms
Resilience
BRAS
IP/MPLS
R8000
PE End to end QoS
Guarantee
S7800 Auto
Core Configuration
S7800/
LAG S5800
Energy
Conservation
ISS
10GE
GE Access S4800/ GE
S2800
BRAS
Router
Aggregation
switch
Access switch
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10 GE Enterprise Solution
Remote access
Branch offices
Internet Outside
WAN
campus Multi-lever
Campus
egress FR8600 DMZ protection
FSG10000
S7800
10GE
High
Core
security
W-view NMS
S7800
S5800\
FSG10000 S7800/ S4800
10GE LAG S5800 GE
S7800
Aggregation
Easy
10GE
ISS Maintenance
Web、DNS、Email、
proxy、APPS Servers
S6000/
S7800
GE Access
S5800/
S4800
Green
GE
Network
Router
Core switch
IDC/ Server Cluster Applications

Aggregate switch
Smooth
Access switch
scalability
FW/IPS/IDS
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CONTENT
Switch Networking
Switch Introduction
Backup & Upgrading

Product Features & Benefits
 Excellent Security Control
➢ DHCP Snooping, ARP Inspection, and IP Source Guard
➢ Prevent DoS attack and broadcast/multicast/DLF storm
➢ IEEE 802.1x authentication
 Comprehensive Reliability Mechanisms
➢ STP/RSTP/MSTP, R-link, link-aggregation
 Superior Quality of Service
➢ Port rate-limiting, traffic classification, SP,WRR,SP+WRR
 Enhanced PoE Function
➢ 802.3af & 802.3at, 24 full-powered PoE ports at 15.4W
 Fan-free & Energy Saving Design
➢ Sleep mode of idle ports, fan-free & energy-saving design
 Surge Protection
➢ 6KV surge protection
 Easy Management & Maintenance
➢ SNMP v1/v2/v3, CLI, telnet, ssh, Web, GUI, port mirroring
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S2800 Series Product Appearance
8×10/100Base-T port
1×gigabit combo port (10/100/1000Base-T or
S2800-9T-C
100/1000Base-X)
1×1000Base-X SFP
S2800-10T-FC 1×gigabit combo port (10/100/1000Base-T or
100/1000Base-X)
S2800-18T-C
100/1000Base-X)
S2800-28T-C 100/1000Base-X)
S2800-28T-TF 2×100/1000Base-T,2×1000Base-X SFP
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2×100/1000Base-T,
S2800-52T-TC 2×gigabit combo port (10/100/1000Base-T or
100/1000Base-X)
S2800-52T-F 2×100/1000Base-X SFP, 2×1000Base-X SFP
S2800-10T-C-PE 100/1000Base-X)
PoE
2×GE combo port (10/100/1000Base-T or
S2800-18T-C-PE 100/1000Base-X)
PoE
2×GE combo port (10/100/1000Base-T or
S2800-26T-C-PE 100/1000Base-X)
PoE
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S2800 Feature Details
S2800-9T-
S2800-18T- S2800-28T- S2800-28T- S2800-52T- S2800- S2800-18T- S2800-26T-
Features C/S2800-
C C TF TC/S2800-52T-F 10T-C-PE C-PE C-PE
10T-FC
4.17
Forwarding 2.68 Mpps 5.36 Mpps 6.55 Mpps 6.55 Mpps 13.2 Mpps 5.36 Mpps 6.55 Mpps
Mpps
Switching
32 Gbps
bandwidth
MAC address
8K 16K/8 K 16 K
table
4k VLANs(IEEE 802.1Q)
VLAN QinQ, selective QinQ
1:1 & N:1 VLAN mapping
TRUNK 14 groups, each trunk group containing up to 8 ports
IGMP Snooping、IGMP proxy
Multicast
Multicast VLAN
STP(IEEE 802.1d), RSTP(IEEE 802.1w), MSTP(IEEE 802.1s)
Reliability
R-link
Surge protection 6KV surge protection
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Dimensions 265× 340× 440×
300×240
(W×D×H） 150× 440×192×44 192× 192× 440×340×44
mm 40 44 44 ×44
Switch
power ：
Power
<13.8 150W Switch power：400W
consumptio <11W <12W <12W <38W
W PoE PoE power： 370W
n
power ：
124W
<3.66
Weight <1 kg <2 kg <2 kg <2kg <3 kg <2.24 kg <4.82 kg
kg
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Switch Feature Details
802.1p priorities with eight queues of different priorities on each port
Flexible scheduling algorithms, including SP, WRR, SP+WRR
Egress and Ingress rate limiting with granularity at 64Kbps
QoS/ACL
Packet filtering at Layer 2 to Layer 4, filtering out invalid frames based on source MAC
address, destination MAC address, source IP address, destination IP address, TCP/UDP
port number, protocol type and VLAN ID
IEEE 802.3af, 802.3at
PoE
Offering max 30W power per port
DHCP Snooping Option 82
Limit on the number of learned MAC addresses
802.1X authentication, RADIUS authentication
Security Binding of MAC address and interface
IP Source Guard
CPU protection
Storm control
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Switch Feature Details
Port mirroring
SNMP, configuration via Web, CLI, Telnet, Console port，
Upgrade via FTP
Management & maintenance Fengine Wview GUI management platform based on SNMP
SSH v2.0
Cluster network management
Port loopback detection
Operation temperature: 0℃ to 50℃
Operating environment
Relative humidity:10%-90% (non-condensing)
AC:
Rated voltage range:100V to 240V AC, 50/60Hz
Maximum voltage range:90V to 264V AC, 50/60Hz
Input voltage
DC:
Rated voltage range: -48V to -60V DC
Max voltage range: -36V to -72V DC
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8×10/100/1000Base-T ports
2×1000Base-X ports
S4820-10T-GF
AC or DC power supply
8×10/100/1000Base-T ports
2×1000Base-X ports
S4820-10T-GF-PE
AC or DC power supply, PoE
24×10/100/1000Base-T ports
4×1000Base-X ports
S4820-28T-GF
24×10/100/1000Base-T ports
4×1000Base-X ports
S4820-28T-GF-PE
AC power supply, PoE
24×10/100/1000Base-T ports
4×GE Combo ports
S4820-28T-C
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S4820- S4820- S4820-28T-
Features S4820-28T-GF S4820-28T-C
10T-GF 10T-GF-PE GF-PE
8×10/100/1000Base-T 24×10/100/1000Base
24×10/100/1000Base-T ports,
Ports ports, 2×100/1000Base- -T ports,
4×1000Base-X ports.
X ports. 4×GE Combo ports.
Throughput 15 Mpps 42 Mpps
Switching fabric 256 Gbps
MAC address 8K 16K
IEEE 802.1Q VLAN; 4K VLANs
VLAN 1:1 & N:1 VLAN Mapping
QinQ, selective QinQ
Port Trunk
aggregation Maximum 8 Trunk groups, up to 8 GE ports in each group
IP routing Static routing, IPv4 & IPv6
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S4800 Series Feature Details
Operating Operation temperature: 0℃ to 55℃

environment Relative humidity: 10%-90% (non-condensing)
AC:
Rated voltage range: 100V to 240V AC, 50/60Hz
Maximum voltage range: 90V to 264V AC, 50/60Hz
Input voltage
DC:
Rated voltage range: -48V to -60V DC
Dimensions
265×150×40 320×220×44 340×190×44 440×290×44 340×190×44
(W×D×H) mm
Power < 140 W < 735 W

<10W <15W (PoE: 720 W) <20W
consumption (PoE:130)
Weight <1.5kg <3kg <2.5kg <5 kg <4 kg
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S5800- S5800- S5800- S5800- S5800- S5800-52T-

Features
28TS 28F-S 52T-S 52FS 28T-S -PE S-PE
Extended slot 2 extended slots(Spport 2 ports 10G SFP,2 ports GE combo,Stacking card)
Throughput 96Mpps 132 Mpps 96Mpps 132 Mpps
Switching
256 Gbps
capacity
Extended slot 2 extended slots(Spport 2 ports 10G SFP,2 ports GE combo,Stacking card)
VLAN 4K VLANs; 1:1 & N:1 VLAN Mapping; QinQ, selective QinQ
Port trunk LACP; 8 trunk groups at most, up to 8 GE ports or 4 10GE ports in each group
MAC 16K MAC;Static MAC;Dynamic MAC;Black-MAC;802.1ah (mac-in-mac)
IP routing Static routing, RIP, OSPF, BGP,IS-IS
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Operating Operation temperature: 0℃ to 50℃

environment Relative humidity:10%-90% (non-condensing)
AC: Rated voltage range:100V to 240V AC, 50/60Hz

Maximum voltage range:90V to 264V AC, 50/60Hz
Input voltage
DC: Rated voltage range: -48V to -60V DC
Dimensions
(W×D×H） 440×400×44
mm
< 780 W
< 780 W
Power (PoE power:
<65 W <80 W <80 W <100 W (PoE power:
consumption <720
<720 W)
W)
Weight <5 kg <5 kg <5.5 kg <5.5 kg <8 kg <8 kg
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S5800 Accessaries
 Interface card
Name Product Description Remark
FM-S50-2X-XFP 2-port 10GE XFP Optical Interface Card

FM-S50-2G-C 2-port GE Combo Interface Card
FM-S50-2X-SFP 2-port 10GE SFP Interface Card
FM-S50-2G-SFP 2-port GE SFP Interface Card
FM-S50-2X-S 2-port 10GE stacking card
 Power supply
Name Product Description Remark
PM-S50AC150W 150W AC Power Supply

PM-S50DC150W 150W DC Power Supply
PM-S50AC500W 500W AC Power Supply For S5800-28T-S-PE
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CONTENT
Switch Networking
Switch Introduction
Backup & Upgrading

Configuration Backup
Also called configuration uploading
 ftp put host-IP ftp-user ftp-pwd config-file-full-path+name config
Start-up file
FTP server FTP client

host-IP: 192.168.1.100/24 inet-IP: 192.168.1.1/24
FTP username: 123 start-up configuration file
FTP password: 123
➢ S2800(config)#ftp put 192.168.1.100 123 123 config.txt config
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Firmware Backup
 Because of the firmware consists of several OS(operating system) files, so that can
NOT be uploaded into one single file like edge routers.
 So, there’s another way to backup the firmware:
➢ “show version” to check the software versions & serial number of the switch
➢ Record contents below & acquire the displayed OS file from FiberHome if there is some trouble
happens during or after upgrading
➢ S2800#show version
FHN Universal Software Platform
USP (R) Software Version V210R220
Hardware Version: 2.0.3
BIOS Version: 1.2.9
FPGA Version: 1.0
Serial number: 0Z557815010005
Copyright (c) 2000-2011, FiberHome Networks Co., Ltd.
System memory 65536K
System uptime is 0 days 0 hours 13 minutes 12 seconds
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Firmware Upgrading – Step 1
Step 1 - OS file downloading
 ftp get host-IP ftp-user ftp-pwd OS-file-full-path+name
OS file
FTP client
FTP server inet-ip: 192.168.1.1/24
host-IP: 192.168.1.100/24
FTP username: 123
FTP password: 123
OS file
➢ S2800(config)#ftp get 192.168.1.100 123 123 S2800-XXT-C-PE_OS_V210R220_build2015083108.bin
Local path is "Ram:/flash/download".
Getting data...
4883073 bytes downloaded.
If you want to update system,use "upgrade" command!
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Firmware Upgrading – Step 2
Step 2 – OS upgrading
 upgrade os
➢ S2800(config)#up os
WARNING:System will upgrade! Continue?[y/n]y
System now is upgrading,please wait.
%Local path is "Ram:/flash/download".

Begin to write ...... ok
***************************************
OK
➢ S2800(config)#quit
➢ S2800#reboot
WARNING:System will reboot! Continue?(y/n) [y]
System now is rebooting,please wait.
✓ *Do remember to check the version using “show version” after rebooting.
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Config Recovery – Step 1
Step 1 - config file downloading
 ftp get host-IP ftp-user ftp-pwd config-file-full-path+name
config file
FTP client
FTP server inet-ip: 192.168.1.1/24
host-IP: 192.168.1.100/24
FTP username: 123
FTP password: 123
OS file
➢ S2800(config)#ftp get 192.168.1.100 123 123 config.txt
Local path is "Ram:/flash/download".
Getting data...
756 bytes downloaded.
If you want to update system,use "upgrade" command!
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Config Recovery – Step 2
Step 2 – start-up configuration recovery
 upgrade os
➢ S2800(config)#up config
WARNING:Config will upgrade! Continue?[y/n]y
System config file now is recovering,please wait.
%Local path is "Ram:/flash/download".

Begin to write ...... ok
******
OK
➢ S2800(config)#quit
➢ S2800#reboot
✓ *Do remember to check the configuration using “show running-config” after rebooting.
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Upgrade Firmware under BIOS - 1
 Step 1 – Parameter configuration by command “c”
**********************************************
* BIOS Version 1.2.9 *
* Created on Sep 15 2014, 16:14:44 *
**********************************************
BIOS BOOTING [Press Ctrl+B to Enter BIOS]...
3
WARNING:Enter update mode![Ctrl+X to exit]
[VxWorks Boot]: c
'.' = clear field; '-' = go to previous field; ^D = quit
et0: inband port; et1: outband port
boot device : et0 et1
processor number : 0
host name : OS-file name
file name : E:\vxWorks OS-file FTP server/Switch IP address
inet on ethernet (e) : 192.168.1.1
inet on backplane (b): FTP client/PC IP address
host inet (h) : 192.168.1.175 192.168.1.100
gateway inet (g) : FTP username
user (u) : 123 123
ftp password (pw) (blank = use rsh): 123 123 FTP password
flags (f) : 0x0
target name (tn) :
startup script (s) :
other (o) :R
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Upgrade Firmware under BIOS - 2
 Step 2 – Upgrade OS by command “U”
[VxWorks Boot]: U
Attached TCP/IP interface to et1.
Attaching network interface lo0... done.
Loading...
4883073 bytes read.
WARNING:System will upgrade!
Begin to write the new image ......
***************************************
Finish writing the Image File!
4883073 bytes written.

[VxWorks Boot]: R
System is rebooting…
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Upgrade BIOS under BIOS - 1
 Step 1 – Parameter configuration by command “o”
**********************************************
* BIOS Version 1.2.9 *
* Created on Sep 15 2014, 16:14:44 * ✓ *During upgrading BIOS, DO NOT
********************************************** turn-off the power of switch, or
BIOS BOOTING [Press Ctrl+B to Enter BIOS]... it’ll be damaged!!!
3
WARNING:Enter update mode![Ctrl+X to exit]
[VxWorks Boot]: o
Password: 123
et0: inband port; et1: outband port
boot device : et0 et1
processor number : 0
host name : BIOS-file name
file name : E:\vxWorks OS-file FTP server/Switch IP address
inet on ethernet (e) : 192.168.1.1
inet on backplane (b): FTP client/PC IP address
host inet (h) : 192.168.1.175 192.168.1.100
gateway inet (g) : FTP username
user (u) : 123 123
ftp password (pw) (blank = use rsh): 123 123 FTP password
flags (f) : 0x0
target name (tn) :
startup script (s) :
other (o) :R
BROADEN YOUR FUTURE
Upgrade BIOS under BIOS - 2
 Step 2 – Upgrade BIOS process automatically
Please wait thile system upgrading…

373728 bytes read.
Begin to write the bootrom..

Finish writing the bootrom file!
373728 bytes written.
[VxWorks Boot]: R
System is rebooting…
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Configuration/Password Recovery
 Plan 1: delete startup-config under OS
S2800#config
S2800(config)#erase startup-config
WARNING:System config file will be deleted! Continue?(y/n) [y]
Done.
S2800(config)#quit
S2800#reboot
 Plan 2: delete startup-config under BIOS
[VxWorks Boot]: F
Clearing system config file... done.
[VxWorks Boot]: R
System is rebooting...
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+THANKS!+

Data Communication Theory

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Data Communication Theory

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Data Communication Theory Basis

 Know data communication theory basis

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Switch Knowledge Points

Backup & Upgrading

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Switch#show mac-address verbose

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Switch Knowledge Points

Backup & Upgrading

 MAC ( Medium/Media Access Control),

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 The initial MAC address table is empty

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 Host A sends data frame to host C

 Workstation D sends data frame to workstation C

 Workstation A sends data frame to workstation C

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 Workstation D sends broadcast or multicast frame

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 Static MAC Address

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BROADEN YOUR FUTURE

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How to isolate broadcast domain?

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BROADEN YOUR FUTURE

Business Dep. Financial Dep. Business Dep. Financial Dep.

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BROADEN YOUR FUTURE

BROADEN YOUR FUTURE

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PVID－ untagged frame? Strip off VLAN tag?

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BROADEN YOUR FUTURE

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Business Dep. Financial Dep. Business Dep. Financial Dep.

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 Hybrid mode ports

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 PVID: Port default VLAN ID

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untagged vlan7 pvid10 tagged

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 Switch forward frames by hardware chip under line speed

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VLAN isolated broadcast domain, but also isolated the users

VLAN 100 VLAN 200

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Switch Knowledge Points

Backup & Upgrading

OLT Switch IPRAN CDN Center DSLAM／MSAN

FTTB/O/H Wireless Backhaul Home ADSL＋，VDSL

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BROADEN YOUR FUTURE

IDC/ Server Cluster Applications

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Switch Knowledge Points

Backup & Upgrading

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BROADEN YOUR FUTURE

BROADEN YOUR FUTURE

BROADEN YOUR FUTURE

BROADEN YOUR FUTURE

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VLAN 1:1 & N:1 VLAN Mapping

QinQ, selective QinQ

IP routing Static routing, IPv4 & IPv6

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Operating Operation temperature: 0℃ to 55℃

Power < 140 W < 735 W

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BROADEN YOUR FUTURE

S5800- S5800- S5800- S5800- S5800- S5800-52T-