Assignment VIII

Addis Ababa University
Addis Ababa Institute of Technology

School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
Worksheet Eight
Instructions: Attempt all questions.
1. What four processes make up the ideal Otto cycle? Are the processes that make up the
Otto cycle analyzed as closed-system or steady-flow processes? Why?
2. For a specified compression ratio, is a diesel or gasoline engine more efficient?
3. An air-standard cycle with variable specific heats is executed in a closed system with 0.003
kg of air and consists of the following three processes:
1-2 v = constant heat addition from 95 kPa and 17°C to 380 kPa
2-3 Isentropic expansion to 95 kPa
3-1 P = constant heat rejection to initial state
a. Show the cycle on P-v and T-s diagrams.
b. Calculate the net work per cycle, in kJ.
c. Determine the thermal efficiency.
4. An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 7. At the beginning of the compression
process, P1 = 90 kPa, T1 = 27°C, and V1 = 0.004 m3. The maximum cycle temperature is
1127°C. For each repetition of the cycle, calculate the heat rejection and the net work
production. Also calculate the thermal efficiency and mean effective pressure for this
cycle. Use constant specific heats at room temperature.
5. To approximate an actual spark-ignition engine, consider an air-standard Otto cycle that
has a heat addition of 1800 kJ/kg of air, a compression ratio of 7, and a pressure and
temperature at the beginning of the compression process of 90 kPa and 10 oC. Assuming
constant specific heat, determine:
a. the maximum pressure and temperature of the cycle,
b. the thermal efficiency of the cycle, and
c. the mean effective pressure.
6. An air-standard Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 16 and a cutoff ratio of 2. At the
beginning of the compression process, air is at 95 kPa and 27°C. Accounting for the
variation of specific heats with temperature, determine:
a. the temperature after the heat-addition process,
b. the thermal efficiency, and
c. the mean effective pressure.
7. A diesel engine has air before compression at 280 K and 85 kPa. The highest temperature
is 2200 K, and the highest pressure is 6 MPa. Find the volumetric compression ratio and
the mean effective pressure using cold air properties at 300 K.
8. A gas-turbine power plant operates on the simple Brayton cycle with air as the working
fluid and delivers 32 MW of power. The minimum and maximum temperatures in the
cycle are 310 and 900 K, and the pressure of air at the compressor exit is 8 times the value
at the compressor inlet. Assuming an isentropic efficiency of 80 percent for the
compressor and 86 percent for the turbine, determine the mass flow rate of air through
the cycle. Account for the variation of specific heats with temperature.
9. A gas-turbine power plant operates on the simple Brayton cycle between the pressure
limits of 100 and 1600 kPa. The working fluid is air, which enters the compressor at 40°C
at a rate of 850 m3/min and leaves the turbine at 650°C. Assuming a compressor
isentropic efficiency of 85 percent and a turbine isentropic efficiency of 88 percent,
determine:
a. the net power output,
b. the back work ratio, and
c. the thermal efficiency.
Use constant specific heats with cv = 0.821 kJ/ kg·K, cp = 1.108 kJ/kg·K, and k = 1.35
10. Consider an ideal air-standard Brayton cycle in which the air into the compressor is at 100
kPa, 20oC, and the pressure ratio across the compressor is 12:1. The maximum
temperature in the cycle is 1100oC, and the air flow rate is 10 kg/s. Assume constant
specific heat for the air. Determine the compressor work, the turbine work, and the
thermal efficiency of the cycle.
11. The gas-turbine cycle shown is used as an automotive engine. In the first turbine, the gas
expands to pressure P5, just low enough for this turbine to drive the compressor. The gas
is then expanded through the second turbine connected to the drive wheels. The data for
the engine are shown in the figure, and assume that all processes are ideal. Determine
the intermediate pressure P5, the net specific work output of the engine, and the mass
flow rate through the engine. Find also the air temperature entering the burner T3 and
the thermal efficiency of the engine.
Figure 4
12. Consider an ideal air-standard cycle for a gas turbine, jet propulsion unit, such as that
shown in the figure below. The pressure and temperature entering the compressor are
90 kPa and 290 K. The pressure ratio across the compressor is 14:1, and the turbine inlet
temperature is 1500 K. When the air leaves the turbine, it enters the nozzle and expands
to 90 kPa. Determine the pressure at the nozzle inlet and the velocity of the air leaving
the nozzle.

Assignment VIII

Uploaded by

Assignment VIII

Uploaded by

Addis Ababa University

Addis Ababa Institute of Technology

You might also like