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Parallel Operation of Transformer

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22 views4 pages

Parallel Operation of Transformer

Uploaded by

luhusapa
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Parallel Operation of transformer (considering Impedance)

• One of the conditions for parallel operation of transformer is impedance


should be same for the transformers which are going to be connected in
parallel. It is not necessary to identically same. If the impedances of
transformers are not identical effective loading of transformer may get
reduced. But it will not affect parallel operation.
Making two identical vector group is easily possible but it is difficult to
manufacture similar impedance of two transformers. So, there will be a tolerance.
Let consider nominal impedance of transformer is 12.5%, tolerance about ±7.5%
Nomina impedance in p.u. = 0.125 p.u
Tolerance in p.u. = (7.5/100)* 0.125 p.u = 0.009375 p.u
Actual impedance may be = 0.125+0.009375= 0.134375 p.u
Or = 0.125-0.009375 = 0.115625 p.u
Let consider one transformer manufactured with 13.438% impedance
which is acceptable as per IEC standard and another one manufactured with
11.563% impedance which is also acceptable as per IEC standard. Let run the
load flow now.

1
Dr.K.Kumarasamy
Under no load condition the real and reactive power flow is zero, 100%
voltage maintained on the busses. So, transformer’s impedances are not
necessarily same during no load condition. But when transformers are loaded,
they are not sharing the load equally, because of different impedances. Refer the
following example with load.

Grid can supply the current through two different branches. Higher the
impedance lower the current flow and vice versa. So, transformer T7 consuming
24726 kVA and supplying 23125 kVA to the load and transformer T8 consuming
28735 kVA and supplying 26875 kVA to the load. The losses also different for
each transformer. Current through the transformer T8 is more so I2R and I2X loss
also more. The impedance is less for transformer T8 but loss directly proportional
to square of current, its making more losses in T8 as compared to T7. Let calculate
the power flow using current division rule as follows
Power supplied by T7 = 53461*11.563/ (13.438+11.563) = 24725.79 kVA

Power supplied by T8 = 53461*13.438/ (13.438+11.563) = 28735.20 kVA

2
Dr.K.Kumarasamy
From the above results it is concluded that the impedance of the
transformer not necessary to be identical, but it will reduce the effective loading
of transformer. Consider the following result when load is 52MVA. The
transformer T8 reached its maximum capacity 30 MVA and T7 supplying
25.8MVA. We cannot increase the load further because it will lead overloading
of transformer T8. Total capacity or effective loading is 30+25.8=55.8. MVA. But
expected loading is equal to sum of individual capacity = 30+30=60 MVA
(including losses).

If both transformer’s impedance is identical, they will share the load


equally, the effective loading can be increased up to 60MVA. So, the transformer
impedance should be as close as possible. Refer below result (when both
impedances are 12.5%). The effective loading is 29.7+29.7= 59.4MVA.

3
Dr.K.Kumarasamy
4
Dr.K.Kumarasamy

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