BIOLOGY WORKSHEET- GRADE X

Life processes- Worksheet 2

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Respiration

1.Assertion : Lungs always contain a residual volume of air.

Reason : It provides sufficient time for oxygen to be absorbed and for carbon dioxide
to be released.

2.Assertion : Energy is used during the process of respiration.

Reason : Respiration stores energy in the form of ATP.

3.The process of conversion of glucose into pyruvic acid occurs in

(a) mitochondria
(c) outside the cell
(b) cytoplasm
(d) chloroplast

4.Assertion : The release of energy in the aerobic process is much more than in
anaerobic process.
Reason : Each glucose molecule produces 2 molecules of ATP and 38 molecules of
ATP in aerobic and anaerobic respiration, respectively.

5.Assertion : In plants there is no need for specialized respiratory organs.

Reason : Plants do not have great demands of gaseous exchange.

6.The diagram shows the ribs and some of the muscles used in breathing.
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Which muscles relax in moving from position X to position Y ?
7

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8.Which of the following statement(s) is (are) true about respiration?

(i) During inhalation, ribs move inward and diaphragm is raised
(ii) In the alveoli, exchange of gasses takes place i.e., oxygen from alveolar air
diffuses into blood and carbon dioxide from blood into alveolar air
(iii) Hemoglobin has greater affinity for carbon dioxide than oxygen
(iv) Alveoli increase surface area for exchange of gasses
(a) (i) and (iv)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iii)
(d) (ii) and (iv)
9.After heavy exercise we used to get cramps in our muscles?Give the reason

10.What would be the consequences of deficiency of hemoglobin in your body?

11. How are the alveoli designed to maximize the exchange of gasses?

12The breathing cycle is rhythmic whereas exchange of gasses is a continuous

process”. Justify this statement.
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13. Explain the three pathways of breakdown of glucose in living organisms.

14.Why is the rate of breathing in aquatic organisms much faster than in

terrestrial organisms?

15.What will happen if carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin?

16.Why don't the lungs collapse even after forceful expiration?

Transportation

1.In the human heart, there is no mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
Reason : Valves are present in the heart which allows the movement of blood in one
direction only.

2.Assertion : Blood pressure is arterial blood pressure.

Reason : It is measured by a sphygmomanometer.

3.Assertion : Lymph, also known as tissue fluid, is colorless.

Reason : It lacks erythrocytes.

4.Assertion : All the arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart to various organs.
Reason : Pulmonary vein carries deoxygenated blood to the heart.

5,Assertion : Interauricular septum separates left from right atrium.

Reason : Interventricular septum separates left from right ventricle.

6.The diagram shows a vertical section through the heart.

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what are the functions of the numbered blood vessels?
7.What is the correct route for blood flow in a human?

(a) Left atrium " Left ventricle " Lungs " Right ventricle " Right atrium
(b) Left atrium " Left ventricle " Right ventricle "Right atrium " Lungs
(c) Right atrium " Right ventricle " Left ventricle" Left atrium " Lungs
(d) Right atrium " Right ventricle " Lungs " Left atrium " Left ventricle

8.Explain the structure of the human heart with a diagram.

The size of the heart is that of a clenched fist and it is located between the lungs in
the thoracic cavity.A two layered sac called PERICARDIUM encloses the heart. • It
is made up cardiac muscles which is seen to contract and relax rhythmically
throughout life.The heart is located towards the left side of our thoracic cavity.The
heart has 4 prominent chambers.The upper two chambers are called the Atria or the
auricles.The lower two chambers are called the ventricles.The oxygenated and

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deoxygenated blood are kept separate in the left and right side of the heart
respectively.
• The walls of the auricles are thinner than that of the ventricles as they send blood
only to the ventricles, situated below them.The walls of the ventricles are thicker as
they send blood to the different parts of the body.The wall of the left ventricle is
thickest as it sends blood to all the body parts through the aorta.
• The left auricle and ventricle has the bicuspid/mitral valve.The right auricle and
ventricle has the tricuspid valve.
• The 4 chambers are separated by the septum.
• The right auricle gets deoxygenated blood via the vena cavas.
• The left auricle receives oxygenated blood via the pulmonary veins. • The right
ventricle sends out deoxygenated blood via the pulmonary arteries to the lungs.
This has the pulmonary valve.
• The left ventricle sends out oxygenated blood via the aorta to the body parts. This
has the aortic valve.
• The valves prevent the backflow of blood.

9.Explain the mechanism of circulation of blood through the human heart.

Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the relaxed right atrium.
• The right atrium now contracts, and simultaneously its lower chamber(the right
ventricle) relaxes and the deoxygenated blood pours into it.
• Now the right ventricle contracts sending the blood through the pulmonary arteries
to the lungs for oxygenation to take place.
• The oxygenated blood is seen to enter the relaxed left auricle through the pulmonary
veins.
• Now the left auricle contracts sending the oxygenated blood to its lower chamber, the left
ventricle which relaxes.
• The left ventricle on contracting sends the oxygenated bl\\\out to all the body parts
through the aorta.
• Valves help to stop the backflow of the blood.
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10.Why is double circulation of blood necessary in birds and human beings?

11.Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in mammals

and birds?

12.Why do amphibians and reptiles have three-chambered hearts?

Transportation in plants

1.The diagram shows parts of a flowering plant. Where does the most transpiration
take place?
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2.Which of the following is not the purpose of transpiration?
(a)Supplies water for photosynthesis
(b)Helps in translocation of sugar in plants
(c)Cools leaf surface
(d)Transports minerals from the soil to all the parts of the plant

3.Assertion : Plants have low energy needs.

Reason : Plant bodies have a large proportion of dead cells.

6, What are the components of the transport system in highly organised plants?
7.How are water and minerals transported in plants?
1.Root pressure-Water and minerals are transported in plants with the help
of xylem tissue. Roots absorb the water from the soil by actively taking up
ions, creating the difference in the concentration of these ions between the
root and the soil. Water enters the root cells. The water moves up creating a
column of water that is steadily pushed upwards in vessels and tracheids of
the roots, stem and leaves, and are interconnected to form a continuous
system of water-conducting channels reaching all parts of the plant.

2.Transpiration pull- The water loss by leaves through the stomata is called
transpiration. It creates a suction pull, which pulls water from the xylem cells
of roots

8,How is food transported in plants?

The transport of food in plants is called translocation. It takes place with the help of
a conducting tissue called phloem. Phloem transports glucose, amino acids and other
substances from leaves to root, shoot, fruits and seeds. Sieve tubes and companion
cells help in transporting the food in upward and downward directions. Sucrose like
materials are transported using energy from ATP and osmotic pressure, which is
caused due to water. This pressure moves the material in the phloem to tissues
which have less pressure. This pressure helps in the movement of material in plants.

9. What are the differences between the transport of materials in xylem and phloem?
10.Transpiration is a necessary evil. Do you agree with the statement or not .Justify
your answer with reason.

Excretion

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1.Assertion : Haemodialysis can save the life of patients with kidney
failure. Reason : Waste products like urea can be removed from the blood
by haemodialysis.
Ans : (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.

2.Assertion : In humans, a major amount of water is absorbed by the tubular

part of nephron.
Reason : Absorption of water depends on the dissolved waste to be excreted
from the body.
Ans : (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

3.Assertion : Plants excrete various waste products during their life processes.
Reason : They produce urea just like humans.

4.(a) Name the organs that form the excretory system in human beings.
(b) Describe in brief how urine is produced in the human body. (2020)

Ans: (a) Excretory system (Urinary system) in human beings consists of a pair of
kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.

(b) In the kidney, the wastes are converted to urine by three processes :

(i)Glomerular filtration : In it, large amount of water along with certain harmful
substances like urea, uric acid, K+, ammonium salts etc., and certain useful
substances like glucose, amino acids, Na+, etc., pass through glomerular
capillaries and glomerular membrane into the cavity of Bowman’s capsule of
nephrons.

Glomerular filtration is the primary step in urine formation. Here the excess fluid
and waste products from the kidney are filtered out of the blood into Bowman’s
capsule to be eliminated out of the body.

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(ii) Selective reabsorption :.It is the absorption of ions and molecules such as sodium
ions, glucose, amino acids, water etc. This happens as the urine flows through the
tube.The amount of water re-absorbed depends on how much excess water there is in
the body, and on how much dissolved waste there is to be excreted.

(iii) Tubular secretion : Potassium ions, hydrogen ions, and ammonia are secreted out to
maintain the equilibrium between the body fluids.The urine forming in each kidney now
enters a long tube, the ureter, which connects the kidneys with the urinary bladder.

Urine is stored here until the pressure of the bladder leads to the urge to pass it out
through the urethra.The bladder is muscular, and sends signals to the nervous system,
thereby, allowing the relaxation of sphincter muscles to release urine. This is known as
micturition.Normally, in a healthy adult, the initial Glomerular filtrate in the kidneys is
about 180 L daily

5.which substances out of the following in the dialysis fluid should be at a lower
concentration than in the blood of the patient?

1. Glucose and urea

2. Glucose and amino acids
3. Salts and urea
4. Glucose and salts
Ans : (c) Salts and urea
6.Dialysing unit (artificial kidney) contains a fluid which is almost same as plasma
except that is has

a) high glucose
b) (b) high urea
c) (c) no urea
d) (d) high uric acid

Ans : (c) no urea

7.Name two functions of human kidney
Ans-Excretes metabolic waste products like urea
Osmoregulation is the process by which an organism regulates the water and electrolyte
balance in its body.

8.Describe the structure and function of nephron with the help of diagram

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(diagram-refer text book)
The function of nephron is filtration of blood and elimination of waste material from it.
Blood is filtered from the blood capillaries into Bowman's capsule and pour the filtrate into
the renal tubule. In this part, large amounts of water and useful substances like glucose,
amino acid, minerals ions, etc., are reabsorbed. Nitrogenous waste(urea) along with a small
amount of water is sent to the urinary bladder, which later expels the urine to the outside
through the urethra.

9.(a) Name four types of metabolic wastes produced by humans.

(b) Name any two human excretory organs other than kidney

(a) Four types of metabolic wastes produced by humans are urea, carbon dioxide, water
and salts.

(b) Two human excretory organs other than kidneys are:

(i) Lungs : They help to eliminate carbon dioxide.
(ii) Liver : It is an excretory organ as it converts harmful amino acids to harmless urea

Prepared By- Ms.Rajalakshmi(HOD, Biology)